1
|
Harel O, Jbara M. Chemical Synthesis of Bioactive Proteins. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202217716. [PMID: 36661212 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202217716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Nature has developed a plethora of protein machinery to operate and maintain nearly every task of cellular life. These processes are tightly regulated via post-expression modifications-transformations that modulate intracellular protein synthesis, folding, and activation. Methods to prepare homogeneously and precisely modified proteins are essential to probe their function and design new bioactive modalities. Synthetic chemistry has contributed remarkably to protein science by allowing the preparation of novel biomacromolecules that are often challenging or impractical to prepare via common biological means. The ability to chemically build and precisely modify proteins has enabled the production of new molecules with novel physicochemical properties and programmed activity for biomedical research, diagnostic, and therapeutic applications. This minireview summarizes recent developments in chemical protein synthesis to produce bioactive proteins, with emphasis on novel analogs with promising in vitro and in vivo activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Omer Harel
- School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Muhammad Jbara
- School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lander AJ, Jin Y, Luk LYP. D-Peptide and D-Protein Technology: Recent Advances, Challenges, and Opportunities. Chembiochem 2023; 24:e202200537. [PMID: 36278392 PMCID: PMC10805118 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202200537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Total chemical protein synthesis provides access to entire D-protein enantiomers enabling unique applications in molecular biology, structural biology, and bioactive compound discovery. Key enzymes involved in the central dogma of molecular biology have been prepared in their D-enantiomeric forms facilitating the development of mirror-image life. Crystallization of a racemic mixture of L- and D-protein enantiomers provides access to high-resolution X-ray structures of polypeptides. Additionally, D-enantiomers of protein drug targets can be used in mirror-image phage display allowing discovery of non-proteolytic D-peptide ligands as lead candidates. This review discusses the unique applications of D-proteins including the synthetic challenges and opportunities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J. Lander
- School of ChemistryCardiff UniversityMain Building, Park PlaceCardiffCF10 3ATUK
| | - Yi Jin
- Manchester Institute of BiotechnologyThe University of ManchesterManchesterM1 7DNUK
| | - Louis Y. P. Luk
- School of ChemistryCardiff UniversityMain Building, Park PlaceCardiffCF10 3ATUK
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Pan M, Gao S, Zheng Y, Tan X, Lan H, Tan X, Sun D, Lu L, Wang T, Zheng Q, Huang Y, Wang J, Liu L. Quasi-Racemic X-ray Structures of K27-Linked Ubiquitin Chains Prepared by Total Chemical Synthesis. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:7429-35. [PMID: 27268299 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b04031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Quasi-racemic crystallography has been used to determine the X-ray structures of K27-linked ubiquitin (Ub) chains prepared through total chemical synthesis. Crystal structures of K27-linked di- and tri-ubiquitins reveal that the isopeptide linkages are confined in a unique buried conformation, which provides the molecular basis for the distinctive function of K27 linkage compared to the other seven Ub chains. K27-linked di- and triUb were found to adopt different structural conformations in the crystals, one being symmetric whereas the other triangular. Furthermore, bioactivity experiments showed that the ovarian tumor family de-ubiquitinase 2 significantly favors K27-linked triUb than K27-linked diUb. K27-linked triUb represents the so-far largest chemically synthesized protein (228 amino acids) that has been crystallized to afford a high-resolution X-ray structure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Man Pan
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shuai Gao
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yong Zheng
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiaodan Tan
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China
| | - Huan Lan
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xianglong Tan
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China
| | - Demeng Sun
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lining Lu
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China
| | - Tian Wang
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qingyun Zheng
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yichao Huang
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jiawei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yeung H, Squire CJ, Yosaatmadja Y, Panjikar S, López G, Molina A, Baker EN, Harris PWR, Brimble MA. Radiation Damage and Racemic Protein Crystallography Reveal the Unique Structure of the GASA/Snakin Protein Superfamily. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:7930-3. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201602719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ho Yeung
- School of Biological Sciences; The University of Auckland; 3A Symonds St Auckland Central 1010 New Zealand
| | - Christopher J. Squire
- School of Biological Sciences; The University of Auckland; 3A Symonds St Auckland Central 1010 New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery; Thomas Building Level 2; 3A Symonds St Auckland Central 1010 New Zealand
| | - Yuliana Yosaatmadja
- School of Biological Sciences; The University of Auckland; 3A Symonds St Auckland Central 1010 New Zealand
| | - Santosh Panjikar
- Australian Synchrotron; 800 Blackburn Road Clayton Victoria 3168 Australia
| | - Gemma López
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (UPM-INIA); Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM); Campus Montegancedo, M-40 (Km 38) 28223-Pozuelo de Alarcón Madrid Spain
| | - Antonio Molina
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (UPM-INIA); Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM); Campus Montegancedo, M-40 (Km 38) 28223-Pozuelo de Alarcón Madrid Spain
| | - Edward N. Baker
- School of Biological Sciences; The University of Auckland; 3A Symonds St Auckland Central 1010 New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery; Thomas Building Level 2; 3A Symonds St Auckland Central 1010 New Zealand
| | - Paul W. R. Harris
- School of Chemical Sciences; The University of Auckland; 23 Symonds St Auckland Central 1010 New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery; Thomas Building Level 2; 3A Symonds St Auckland Central 1010 New Zealand
| | - Margaret A. Brimble
- School of Chemical Sciences; The University of Auckland; 23 Symonds St Auckland Central 1010 New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery; Thomas Building Level 2; 3A Symonds St Auckland Central 1010 New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yeung H, Squire CJ, Yosaatmadja Y, Panjikar S, López G, Molina A, Baker EN, Harris PWR, Brimble MA. Radiation Damage and Racemic Protein Crystallography Reveal the Unique Structure of the GASA/Snakin Protein Superfamily. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201602719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ho Yeung
- School of Biological Sciences; The University of Auckland; 3A Symonds St Auckland Central 1010 New Zealand
| | - Christopher J. Squire
- School of Biological Sciences; The University of Auckland; 3A Symonds St Auckland Central 1010 New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery; Thomas Building Level 2; 3A Symonds St Auckland Central 1010 New Zealand
| | - Yuliana Yosaatmadja
- School of Biological Sciences; The University of Auckland; 3A Symonds St Auckland Central 1010 New Zealand
| | - Santosh Panjikar
- Australian Synchrotron; 800 Blackburn Road Clayton Victoria 3168 Australia
| | - Gemma López
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (UPM-INIA); Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM); Campus Montegancedo, M-40 (Km 38) 28223-Pozuelo de Alarcón Madrid Spain
| | - Antonio Molina
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (UPM-INIA); Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM); Campus Montegancedo, M-40 (Km 38) 28223-Pozuelo de Alarcón Madrid Spain
| | - Edward N. Baker
- School of Biological Sciences; The University of Auckland; 3A Symonds St Auckland Central 1010 New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery; Thomas Building Level 2; 3A Symonds St Auckland Central 1010 New Zealand
| | - Paul W. R. Harris
- School of Chemical Sciences; The University of Auckland; 23 Symonds St Auckland Central 1010 New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery; Thomas Building Level 2; 3A Symonds St Auckland Central 1010 New Zealand
| | - Margaret A. Brimble
- School of Chemical Sciences; The University of Auckland; 23 Symonds St Auckland Central 1010 New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery; Thomas Building Level 2; 3A Symonds St Auckland Central 1010 New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Mandal K, Dhayalan B, Avital-Shmilovici M, Tokmakoff A, Kent SBH. Crystallization of Enantiomerically Pure Proteins from Quasi-Racemic Mixtures: Structure Determination by X-Ray Diffraction of Isotope-Labeled Ester Insulin and Human Insulin. Chembiochem 2016; 17:421-5. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201500600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kalyaneswar Mandal
- Department of Chemistry; University of Chicago; 929 East 57th Street Chicago IL 60637 USA
| | - Balamurugan Dhayalan
- Department of Chemistry; University of Chicago; 929 East 57th Street Chicago IL 60637 USA
| | | | - Andrei Tokmakoff
- Department of Chemistry; University of Chicago; 929 East 57th Street Chicago IL 60637 USA
| | - Stephen B. H. Kent
- Department of Chemistry; University of Chicago; 929 East 57th Street Chicago IL 60637 USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Tailhades J, Sethi A, Petrie EJ, Gooley PR, Bathgate RA, Wade JD, Hossain MA. Native Chemical Ligation to Minimize Aspartimide Formation during Chemical Synthesis of Small LDLa Protein. Chemistry 2015; 22:1146-51. [PMID: 26612092 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201503599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The inhibition of the G protein-coupled receptor, relaxin family peptide receptor 1 (RXFP1), by a small LDLa protein may be a potential approach for prostate cancer treatment. However, it is a significant challenge to chemically produce the 41-residue and three-disulfide cross-bridged LDLa module which is highly prone to aspartimide formation due to the presence of several aspartic acid residues. Known palliative measures, including addition of HOBt to piperidine for N(α) -deprotection, failed to completely overcome this side reaction. For this reason, an elegant native chemical ligation approach was employed in which two segments were assembled for generating the linear LDLa protein. Acquisition of correct folding was achieved by using either a regioselective disulfide bond formation or global oxidation strategies. The final synthetic LDLa protein obtained was characterized by NMR spectroscopic structural analysis after chelation with a Ca(2+) ion and confirmed to be equivalent to the same protein obtained by recombinant DNA production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julien Tailhades
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia.
| | - Ashish Sethi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Emma J Petrie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Paul R Gooley
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Ross A Bathgate
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - John D Wade
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia. .,The School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia.
| | - Mohammed A Hossain
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia. .,The School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
|
9
|
Mandal PK, Collie GW, Kauffmann B, Huc I. Racemic DNA Crystallography. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:14424-7. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201409014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
10
|
Wang CK, King GJ, Northfield SE, Ojeda PG, Craik DJ. Racemic and Quasi-Racemic X-ray Structures of Cyclic Disulfide-Rich Peptide Drug Scaffolds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:11236-41. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201406563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
11
|
Wang CK, King GJ, Northfield SE, Ojeda PG, Craik DJ. Racemic and Quasi-Racemic X-ray Structures of Cyclic Disulfide-Rich Peptide Drug Scaffolds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201406563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|