1
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Yerpude ST, Potbhare AK, Bhilkar P, Rai AR, Singh RP, Abdala AA, Adhikari R, Sharma R, Chaudhary RG. Biomedical,clinical and environmental applications of platinum-based nanohybrids: An updated review. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 231:116148. [PMID: 37211181 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Platinum nanoparticles (Pt NPs) have numerous applications in various sectors, including pharmacology, nanomedicine, cancer therapy, radiotherapy, biotechnology and environment mitigation like removal of toxic metals from wastewater, photocatalytic degradation of toxic compounds, adsorption, and water splitting. The multifaceted applications of Pt NPs because of their ultra-fine structures, large surface area, tuned porosity, coordination-binding, and excellent physiochemical properties. The various types of nanohybrids (NHs) of Pt NPs can be fabricated by doping with different metal/metal oxide/polymer-based materials. There are several methods to synthesize platinum-based NHs, but biological processes are admirable because of green, economical, sustainable, and non-toxic. Due to the robust physicochemical and biological characteristics of platinum NPs, they are widely employed as nanocatalyst, antioxidant, antipathogenic, and anticancer agents. Indeed, Pt-based NHs are the subject of keen interest and substantial research area for biomedical and clinical applications. Hence, this review systematically studies antimicrobial, biological, and environmental applications of platinum and platinum-based NHs, predominantly for treating cancer and photo-thermal therapy. Applications of Pt NPs in nanomedicine and nano-diagnosis are also highlighted. Pt NPs-related nanotoxicity and the potential and opportunity for future nano-therapeutics based on Pt NPs are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin T Yerpude
- Post Graduate Department of Microbiology, Seth Kesarimal Porwal College of Arts and Science and Commerce, Kamptee, 441001, India.
| | - Ajay K Potbhare
- Post Graduate Department of Chemistry, Seth Kesarimal Porwal College of Arts and Science and Commerce, Kamptee, 441001, India.
| | - Pavan Bhilkar
- Post Graduate Department of Chemistry, Seth Kesarimal Porwal College of Arts and Science and Commerce, Kamptee, 441001, India.
| | - Alok R Rai
- Post Graduate Department of Microbiology, Seth Kesarimal Porwal College of Arts and Science and Commerce, Kamptee, 441001, India.
| | - Raghvendra P Singh
- Department of Research & Development, Azoth Biotech Pvt. Ltd., Noida, 201306, India.
| | - Ahmed A Abdala
- Chemical Engineering Program, Texas A and M University at Qatar POB, 23784, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Rameshwar Adhikari
- Central Department of Chemistry and Research Centre for Applied Science and Technology (RECAST), Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal.
| | - Rohit Sharma
- Department of Rasa Shastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India.
| | - Ratiram G Chaudhary
- Post Graduate Department of Chemistry, Seth Kesarimal Porwal College of Arts and Science and Commerce, Kamptee, 441001, India.
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2
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Xiong X, Wang Y, Zou T. Towards Understanding the Molecular Mechanisms of Immunogenic Cell Death. Chembiochem 2023; 24:e202200621. [PMID: 36445798 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202200621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of immunogenic cell death (ICD) by small molecules (e. g., chemotherapeutic drugs) intrigued medicinal chemists and led them to exploit anticancer agents with such a trait because ICD agents provoke anticancer immune responses in addition to their cytotoxicity. However, the unclear molecular mechanism of ICD hampers further achievements in drug development. Fortunately, increasing efforts have been made in this area in recent years by using either chemical or biological approaches. Here, we review the current achievements towards understanding the mechanisms of small molecule-induced ICD effects. Based on the established role of the unfolded protein response (UPR) in ICD, we classify the mechanisms of different inducers by their dependency on UPR. Key proteins and pathways with important implications are discussed in depth. We also give our perspectives on the research strategies for future investigation in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Xiong
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Taotao Zou
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
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3
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Wei D, Huang Y, Wang B, Ma L, Karges J, Xiao H. Photo-Reduction with NIR Light of Nucleus-Targeting Pt IV Nanoparticles for Combined Tumor-Targeted Chemotherapy and Photodynamic Immunotherapy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202201486. [PMID: 35212437 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202201486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The development of PtIV prodrugs which are selectively reduced within cancerous cells into their PtII therapeutically active species has received increasing attention within the last decade. Despite recent research progress, the majority of investigated compounds are excited using ultraviolet or blue light. As the light penetration depth is low at these wavelengths, the treatment of deep-seated or large tumors is limited. To overcome this limitation, herein, the example of PtIV -functionalized nanoparticles that could be excited within the NIR region at 808 nm is reported. The polymer backbone which can self-assemble into nanoparticles was functionalized with PtIV complexes for chemotherapy, photosensitizers for photodynamic immunotherapy, and nucleus/cancer-targeting peptides. Upon irradiation, the PtIV center is reduced to PtII and the axially coordinated ligands are released, presenting a multimodal treatment. While selectively accumulating in tumorous tissue, the nanoparticles demonstrated the ability to eradicate a triple-negative breast cancer tumor inside a mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengshuai Wei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physical and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yun Huang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physical and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physical and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lili Ma
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Johannes Karges
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Haihua Xiao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physical and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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4
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Wei D, Huang Y, Wang B, Ma L, Karges J, Xiao H. Photo‐Reduction with NIR Light of Nucleus Targeting Pt(IV) Nanoparticles for Combined Tumor‐Targeted Chemotherapy and Photodynamic Immunotherapy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202201486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dengshuai Wei
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Chemistry CHINA
| | - Yun Huang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Chemistry CHINA
| | - Bin Wang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Chemistry CHINA
| | - Lili Ma
- Hebei University College of Chemistry and Environmental Science CHINA
| | - Johannes Karges
- University of California San Diego Chemistry and Biochemistry 9500 Gilman Dr 92093 San Diego UNITED STATES
| | - Haihua Xiao
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Chemistry CHINA
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5
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Dutta P, Kumari S, Paulraj J, Sharma R, Vijaykumar G, Sankar Das H, P S, Sil S, Mandal SK, Sengupta A, Sarkar A. Phenalenyl based platinum anticancer compounds with superior efficacy: design, synthesis, characterization, and interaction with nuclear DNA. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj06229d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
New and efficacious phenalenyl based Pt(ii) compounds have been used to design an “easy to use tool” for mechanistic understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradip Dutta
- India Innovation Research Center
- Delhi 110092
- India
| | - Smita Kumari
- India Innovation Research Center
- Delhi 110092
- India
| | | | | | - Gonela Vijaykumar
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER)-Kolkata
- Mohanpur-741252
- India
| | - Hari Sankar Das
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER)-Kolkata
- Mohanpur-741252
- India
| | - Sreejyothi P
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER)-Kolkata
- Mohanpur-741252
- India
| | - Swagata Sil
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER)-Kolkata
- Mohanpur-741252
- India
| | - Swadhin K. Mandal
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER)-Kolkata
- Mohanpur-741252
- India
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6
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Ang ECX, Tan CH. Golden Jubilee of Singapore National Institute of Chemistry (1970-2020): Celebrating its Partnership with Wiley-VCH. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:19728-19731. [PMID: 32812317 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202002227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This year Singapore National Institute of Chemistry (SNIC) is celebrating its golden jubilee (1970-2020). Wiley-VCH has been a steadfast partner accompanying the rapid rise of chemistry research in Singapore. In celebration of this golden jubilee, we highlight 50 significant papers published in Angewandte Chemie by scholars currently based in Singapore, covering the widest possible spectrum of chemistry research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Cai Xia Ang
- Singapore National Institute of Chemistry, SPMS-CBC-04-18.5, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Choon-Hong Tan
- Singapore National Institute of Chemistry, SPMS-CBC-04-18.5, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
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7
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Ang ECX, Tan C. Golden Jubilee of Singapore National Institute of Chemistry (1970–2020): Celebrating its Partnership with Wiley‐VCH. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202002227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Esther Cai Xia Ang
- Singapore National Institute of Chemistry SPMS-CBC-04-18.5 School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Choon‐Hong Tan
- Singapore National Institute of Chemistry SPMS-CBC-04-18.5 School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link Singapore 637371 Singapore
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8
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Cao Q, Zhou DJ, Pan ZY, Yang GG, Zhang H, Ji LN, Mao ZW. CAIXplatins: Highly Potent Platinum(IV) Prodrugs Selective Against Carbonic Anhydrase IX for the Treatment of Hypoxic Tumors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:18556-18562. [PMID: 32557982 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202005362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia and the acidic microenvironment play a vital role in tumor metastasis and angiogenesis, generally compromising the chemotherapeutic efficacy. This provides a tantalizing angle for the design of platinum(IV) prodrugs for the effective and selective killing of solid tumors. Herein, two carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX)-targeting platinum(IV) prodrugs have been developed, named as CAIXplatins. Based on their strong affinity for and inhibition of CAIX, CAIXplatins can not only overcome hypoxia and the acidic microenvironment, but also inhibit metabolic pathways of hypoxic cancer cells, resulting in a significantly enhanced therapeutic effect on hypoxic MDA-MB-231 tumors both in vitro and in vivo compared with cisplatin/oxaliplatin, accompanied with excellent anti-metastasis and anti-angiogenesis activities. Furthermore, the cancer selectivity indexes of CAIXplatins are 70-90 times higher than those of cisplatin/oxaliplatin with effectively alleviated side-effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Cao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Dan-Jie Zhou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Zheng-Yin Pan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Gang-Gang Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Hang Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Liang-Nian Ji
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Zong-Wan Mao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
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9
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Cao Q, Zhou D, Pan Z, Yang G, Zhang H, Ji L, Mao Z. CAIXplatins: Highly Potent Platinum(IV) Prodrugs Selective Against Carbonic Anhydrase IX for the Treatment of Hypoxic Tumors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202005362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Cao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry School of Chemistry Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Dan‐Jie Zhou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry School of Chemistry Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Zheng‐Yin Pan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry School of Chemistry Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Gang‐Gang Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry School of Chemistry Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Hang Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry School of Chemistry Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Liang‐Nian Ji
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry School of Chemistry Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Zong‐Wan Mao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry School of Chemistry Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
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10
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Bellemin-Laponnaz S. N-Heterocyclic Carbene Platinum Complexes: A Big Step Forward for Effective Antitumor Compounds. Eur J Inorg Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201900960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Bellemin-Laponnaz
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg; IPCMS; CNRS Université de Strasbourg; 23, rue du Loess 67034 Strasbourg France
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11
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Kastner A, Poetsch I, Mayr J, Burda JV, Roller A, Heffeter P, Keppler BK, Kowol CR. A Dogma in Doubt: Hydrolysis of Equatorial Ligands of Pt IV Complexes under Physiological Conditions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:7464-7469. [PMID: 30870571 PMCID: PMC6766845 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201900682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Due to their high kinetic inertness and consequently reduced side reactions with biomolecules, PtIV complexes are considered to define the future of anticancer platinum drugs. The aqueous stability of a series of biscarboxylato PtIV complexes was studied under physiologically relevant conditions. Unexpectedly and in contrast to the current chemical understanding, especially oxaliplatin and satraplatin complexes underwent fast hydrolysis in equatorial position (even in cell culture medium and serum). Notably, the resulting hydrolysis products strongly differ in their reduction kinetics, a crucial parameter for the activation of PtIV drugs, which also changes the anticancer potential of the compounds in cell culture. The discovery that intact PtIV complexes can hydrolyze at equatorial position contradicts the dogma on the general kinetic inertness of PtIV compounds and needs to be considered in the screening and design for novel platinum-based anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Kastner
- University of ViennaFaculty of ChemistryInstitute of Inorganic ChemistryWaehringer Strasse 421090ViennaAustria
| | - Isabella Poetsch
- Institute of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer CenterMedical University of ViennaBorschkegasse 8a1090ViennaAustria
| | - Josef Mayr
- University of ViennaFaculty of ChemistryInstitute of Inorganic ChemistryWaehringer Strasse 421090ViennaAustria
| | - Jaroslav V. Burda
- Department of Chemical Physics and OpticsFaculty of Mathematics and PhysicsCharles UniversityKe Karlovu 312116Prague 2Czech Republic
| | - Alexander Roller
- University of ViennaFaculty of ChemistryInstitute of Inorganic ChemistryWaehringer Strasse 421090ViennaAustria
| | - Petra Heffeter
- Institute of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer CenterMedical University of ViennaBorschkegasse 8a1090ViennaAustria
- Research Cluster “Translational Cancer Therapy Research”ViennaAustria
| | - Bernhard K. Keppler
- University of ViennaFaculty of ChemistryInstitute of Inorganic ChemistryWaehringer Strasse 421090ViennaAustria
- Research Cluster “Translational Cancer Therapy Research”ViennaAustria
| | - Christian R. Kowol
- University of ViennaFaculty of ChemistryInstitute of Inorganic ChemistryWaehringer Strasse 421090ViennaAustria
- Research Cluster “Translational Cancer Therapy Research”ViennaAustria
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12
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Kastner A, Poetsch I, Mayr J, Burda JV, Roller A, Heffeter P, Keppler BK, Kowol CR. Zweifel an einem Dogma: Hydrolyse äquatorialer Liganden von Pt
IV
‐Komplexen unter physiologischen Bedingungen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201900682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Kastner
- Universität WienFakultät für ChemieInstitut für Anorganische Chemie Währinger Strasse 42 1090 Wien Österreich
| | - Isabella Poetsch
- Institut für Krebsforschung und Comprehensive Cancer CenterMedizinische Universität Wien Borschkegasse 8a 1090 Wien Österreich
| | - Josef Mayr
- Universität WienFakultät für ChemieInstitut für Anorganische Chemie Währinger Strasse 42 1090 Wien Österreich
| | - Jaroslav V. Burda
- Department of Chemical Physics and OpticsFaculty of Mathematics and PhysicsCharles University Ke Karlovu 3 12116 Prague 2 Tschechische Republik
| | - Alexander Roller
- Universität WienFakultät für ChemieInstitut für Anorganische Chemie Währinger Strasse 42 1090 Wien Österreich
| | - Petra Heffeter
- Institut für Krebsforschung und Comprehensive Cancer CenterMedizinische Universität Wien Borschkegasse 8a 1090 Wien Österreich
- Research Cluster “Translational Cancer Therapy Research” Wien Österreich
| | - Bernhard K. Keppler
- Universität WienFakultät für ChemieInstitut für Anorganische Chemie Währinger Strasse 42 1090 Wien Österreich
- Research Cluster “Translational Cancer Therapy Research” Wien Österreich
| | - Christian R. Kowol
- Universität WienFakultät für ChemieInstitut für Anorganische Chemie Währinger Strasse 42 1090 Wien Österreich
- Research Cluster “Translational Cancer Therapy Research” Wien Österreich
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13
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Deo KM, Ang DL, McGhie B, Rajamanickam A, Dhiman A, Khoury A, Holland J, Bjelosevic A, Pages B, Gordon C, Aldrich-Wright JR. Platinum coordination compounds with potent anticancer activity. Coord Chem Rev 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2017.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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14
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Wang C, Liu L, Cao H, Zhang W. Intracellular GSH-activated galactoside photosensitizers for targeted photodynamic therapy and chemotherapy. Biomater Sci 2018; 5:274-284. [PMID: 27942618 DOI: 10.1039/c6bm00482b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Ligand-targeted cancer therapeutics has been developed to minimize non-specific cytotoxicity via ligand-drug conjugates during the past few decades. We present here the design and synthesis of a GSH-activated amphiphilic photosensitizer conjugated with galactose (TPP-S-S-Gal) for targeted photodynamic therapy. Furthermore, the galactoside photosensitizer as supramolecular amphiphiles can self-assemble into micelles, which can be applied in integrative cancer treatment with chemotherapy drugs such as camptothecin (CPT) encapsulated in the hydrophobic core of micelles. Upon reaction with free thiol GSH that is relatively abundant in tumor cells, disulfide bond cleavage occurs as well as the active photosensitizer TPP and chemotherapy drug CPT release, which can cause cell apoptosis. The in vitro biological assessment of TPP-S-S-Gal micelles against the A549 cell line was evaluated by MTT assay, flow cytometry and confocal scanning laser microscopy, respectively. According to the MTT assay, TPP-S-S-Gal micelles exhibited low dark toxicity and efficient integrative efficacy of PDT and chemotherapy towards A549 cells after light irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaochao Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China.
| | - Lichao Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China.
| | - Hongliang Cao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China.
| | - Weian Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China.
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15
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Ma L, Wang N, Ma R, Li C, Xu Z, Tse MK, Zhu G. Monochalcoplatin: An Actively Transported, Quickly Reducible, and Highly Potent PtIV
Anticancer Prodrug. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201804314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lili Ma
- Department of Chemistry; City University of Hong Kong; 83 Tat Chee Ave. Kowloon Tong Hong Kong SAR P. R. China
- City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen Research Institute; Shenzhen P. R. China
| | - Na Wang
- Department of Chemistry; City University of Hong Kong; 83 Tat Chee Ave. Kowloon Tong Hong Kong SAR P. R. China
- City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen Research Institute; Shenzhen P. R. China
| | - Rong Ma
- Department of Chemistry; City University of Hong Kong; 83 Tat Chee Ave. Kowloon Tong Hong Kong SAR P. R. China
| | - Cai Li
- Department of Chemistry; City University of Hong Kong; 83 Tat Chee Ave. Kowloon Tong Hong Kong SAR P. R. China
- City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen Research Institute; Shenzhen P. R. China
| | - Zoufeng Xu
- Department of Chemistry; City University of Hong Kong; 83 Tat Chee Ave. Kowloon Tong Hong Kong SAR P. R. China
- City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen Research Institute; Shenzhen P. R. China
| | - Man-Kit Tse
- Department of Chemistry; City University of Hong Kong; 83 Tat Chee Ave. Kowloon Tong Hong Kong SAR P. R. China
| | - Guangyu Zhu
- Department of Chemistry; City University of Hong Kong; 83 Tat Chee Ave. Kowloon Tong Hong Kong SAR P. R. China
- City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen Research Institute; Shenzhen P. R. China
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16
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Ma L, Wang N, Ma R, Li C, Xu Z, Tse MK, Zhu G. Monochalcoplatin: An Actively Transported, Quickly Reducible, and Highly Potent Pt IV Anticancer Prodrug. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:9098-9102. [PMID: 29806087 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201804314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Recently, PtIV prodrugs have attracted much attention as the next generation of platinum-based antineoplastic drug candidates. Here we report the discovery and evaluation of monochalcoplatin, a monocarboxylated PtIV prodrug that is among the most cytotoxic PtIV prodrugs to date. Compared with its dicarboxylated counterpart chalcoplatin, monochalcoplatin accumulates astonishingly effectively and rapidly in cancer cells, which is not ascribed to its lipophilicity. The prodrug is quickly reduced, causes DNA damage, and induces apoptosis, resulting in superior cytotoxicity with IC50 values in the nanomolar range in both cisplatin-sensitive and -resistant cells; these IC50 values are up to 422-fold higher than that of cisplatin. A detailed mechanistic study reveals that monochalcoplatin actively enters cells through a transporter-mediated process. Moreover, monochalcoplatin shows significant antitumor activity in an in vivo colorectal tumor model. Our study implies a practical strategy for the design of more effective PtIV prodrugs to conquer drug resistance by tuning both cellular uptake pathways and activation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Ma
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Ave., Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China.,City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Na Wang
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Ave., Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China.,City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Rong Ma
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Ave., Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Cai Li
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Ave., Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China.,City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Zoufeng Xu
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Ave., Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China.,City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Man-Kit Tse
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Ave., Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Guangyu Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Ave., Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China.,City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, P. R. China
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17
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Lee KGZ, Babak MV, Weiss A, Dyson PJ, Nowak-Sliwinska P, Montagner D, Ang WH. Development of an Efficient Dual-Action GST-Inhibiting Anticancer Platinum(IV) Prodrug. ChemMedChem 2018; 13:1210-1217. [PMID: 29637702 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201800105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The cytotoxicity of cisplatin (cDDP) is enhanced when co-administered with ethacrynic acid (EA), a glutathione S-transferase (GST) inhibitor. A PtIV -EA conjugate containing a cDDP core and two axial ethacrynate ligands (compound 1) was shown to be an excellent inhibitor of GST, but did not readily release a PtII species to exert a synergistic cytotoxic effect. In this study, a redesigned PtIV construct composed of a cDDP core with one axial ethacrynate ligand and one axial hydroxido ligand (compound 2) was prepared and shown to overcome the limitations of compound 1. The EA ligand in 2 is readily released in vitro together with a cytotoxic PtII species derived from cisplatin, working together to inhibit cell proliferation in cDDP-resistant human ovarian cancer cells. The in vitro activity translates well in vivo with 2, showing effective (∼80 %) inhibition of tumor growth in a human ovarian carcinoma A2780 tumor model, while showing considerably lower toxicity than cisplatin, thus validating the new design strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keefe Guang Zhi Lee
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Maria V Babak
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Andrea Weiss
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Geneva (UNIGE), 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Paul J Dyson
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Diego Montagner
- Department of Chemistry, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland
| | - Wee Han Ang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
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18
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Kenny RG, Chuah SW, Crawford A, Marmion CJ. Platinum(IV) Prodrugs - A Step Closer to Ehrlich's Vision? Eur J Inorg Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201601278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Reece G. Kenny
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry; Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland; 123 St. Stephen's Green 2 Dublin Ireland
| | - Su Wen Chuah
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry; Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland; 123 St. Stephen's Green 2 Dublin Ireland
| | - Alanna Crawford
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry; Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland; 123 St. Stephen's Green 2 Dublin Ireland
| | - Celine J. Marmion
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry; Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland; 123 St. Stephen's Green 2 Dublin Ireland
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19
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Yap SQ, Chin CF, Hong Thng AH, Pang YY, Ho HK, Ang WH. Finely Tuned Asymmetric Platinum(IV) Anticancer Complexes: Structure-Activity Relationship and Application as Orally Available Prodrugs. ChemMedChem 2017; 12:300-311. [PMID: 28028938 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201600577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Platinum(IV) bis-carboxylates are highly versatile prodrug scaffolds with different axial ligands that can be functionalized while keeping the platinum(II) pharmacophore intact. Using a sequential acylation strategy, we developed a class of PtIV prodrugs of cisplatin with contrasting lipophilic and hydrophilic ligands. We investigated their stability, reduction rates, lipophilicity, aqueous solubility, and antiproliferative efficacies, and assessed for correlations among the parameters that could be useful in drug design. We showed that compounds with high lipophilicity result in better antiproliferative effects in vitro and in vivo, with one of the three compounds tested showing better efficacy than satraplatin against an animal model of colorectal cancer, owing to its higher solubility and lower reduction rates. Our asymmetric PtIV prodrugs may pave the way for a highly predictable, fine-tuned class of orally available PtIV prodrugs for the treatment of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siew Qi Yap
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Chee Fei Chin
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Agnes Hwee Hong Thng
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Yi Yun Pang
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Han Kiat Ho
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore, 117543, Singapore.,NUS Graduate School of Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 28 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117456, Singapore
| | - Wee Han Ang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore.,NUS Graduate School of Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 28 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117456, Singapore
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20
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Wang Z, Xu Z, Zhu G. A Platinum(IV) Anticancer Prodrug Targeting Nucleotide Excision Repair To Overcome Cisplatin Resistance. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:15564-15568. [PMID: 27736029 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201608936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
DNA damage response plays a key role not only in maintaining genome integrity but also in mediating the antitumor efficacy of DNA-damaging antineoplastic drugs. Herein, we report the rational design and evaluation of a PtIV anticancer prodrug inhibiting nucleotide excision repair (NER), one of the most pivotal processes after the formation of cisplatin-induced DNA damage that deactivates the drug and leads to drug resistance in the clinic. This dual-action prodrug enters cells efficiently and causes DNA damage while simultaneously inhibiting NER to promote apoptotic response. The prodrug is strongly active against the proliferation of cisplatin-resistant human cancer cells with an up to 88-fold increase in growth inhibition compared with cisplatin, and the prodrug is much more active than a mixture of cisplatin and an NER inhibitor. Our study highlights the importance of targeting downstream pathways after the formation of Pt-induced DNA damage as a novel strategy to conquer cisplatin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Wang
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Ave, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, P.R. China.,City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, P.R. China
| | - Zoufeng Xu
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Ave, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, P.R. China.,City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, P.R. China
| | - Guangyu Zhu
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Ave, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, P.R. China.,City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, P.R. China
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21
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Wang Z, Xu Z, Zhu G. A Platinum(IV) Anticancer Prodrug Targeting Nucleotide Excision Repair To Overcome Cisplatin Resistance. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201608936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Wang
- Department of Biology and Chemistry; City University of Hong Kong; 83 Tat Chee Ave Kowloon Tong Hong Kong SAR P.R. China
- City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen Research Institute; Shenzhen P.R. China
| | - Zoufeng Xu
- Department of Biology and Chemistry; City University of Hong Kong; 83 Tat Chee Ave Kowloon Tong Hong Kong SAR P.R. China
- City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen Research Institute; Shenzhen P.R. China
| | - Guangyu Zhu
- Department of Biology and Chemistry; City University of Hong Kong; 83 Tat Chee Ave Kowloon Tong Hong Kong SAR P.R. China
- City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen Research Institute; Shenzhen P.R. China
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22
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Cheng Q, Liu Y. Multifunctional platinum-based nanoparticles for biomedical applications. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 9. [DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qinqin Cheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, CAS High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Department of Chemistry; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei China
| | - Yangzhong Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, CAS High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Department of Chemistry; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei China
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23
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Han X, Sun J, Wang Y, He Z. Recent Advances in Platinum (IV) Complex-Based Delivery Systems to Improve Platinum (II) Anticancer Therapy. Med Res Rev 2015; 35:1268-99. [PMID: 26280923 DOI: 10.1002/med.21360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Cisplatin and its platinum (Pt) (II) derivatives play a key role in the fight against various human cancers such as testicular, ovarian, head and neck, lung tumors. However, their application in clinic is limited due to dose- dependent toxicities and acquired drug resistances, which have prompted extensive research effort toward the development of more effective Pt (II) delivery strategies. The synthesis of Pt (IV) complex is one such an area of intense research fields, which involves their in vivo conversion into active Pt (II) molecules under the reducing intracellular environment, and has demonstrated encouraging preclinical and clinical outcomes. Compared with Pt (II) complexes, Pt (IV) complexes not only exhibit an increased stability and reduced side effects, but also facilitate the intravenous-to-oral switch in cancer chemotherapy. The overview briefly analyzes statuses of Pt (II) complex that are in clinical use, and then focuses on the development of Pt (IV) complexes. Finally, recent advances in Pt (IV) complexes in combination with nanocarriers are highlighted, addressing the shortcomings of Pt (IV) complexes, such as their instability in blood and irreversibly binding to plasma proteins and nonspecific distribution, and taking advantage of passive and active targeting effect to improve Pt (II) anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Han
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Jin Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China.,Municipal Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Yongjun Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Zhonggui He
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China
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24
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Li X, Mu J, Liu F, Tan EWP, Khezri B, Webster RD, Yeow EKL, Xing B. Human transport protein carrier for controlled photoactivation of antitumor prodrug and real-time intracellular tumor imaging. Bioconjug Chem 2015; 26:955-61. [PMID: 25938732 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.5b00170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Current anticancer chemotherapy often suffers from poor tumor selectivity and serious drug resistance. Proper vectors for targeted delivery and controlled drug release play crucial roles in improving the therapeutic selectivity to tumor areas and also overcoming the resistance of cancer cells. In this work, we developed a novel human serum albumin (HSA) protein-based nanocarrier system, which combines the photoactivatable Pt(IV) antitumor prodrug for realizing the controlled release and fluorescent light-up probe for evaluations of drug action and efficacy. The constructed Pt(IV)-probe@HSA platform can be locally activated by light irradiation to release the active Pt species, which results in enhanced cell death at both drug-sensitive A2780 and cisplatin-resistant A2780cis cell lines when compared to the free prodrug molecules. Simultaneously, the cytotoxicity caused by light controlled drug release would further lead to the cellular apoptosis and trigger the activation of caspases 3, one crucial protease enzyme in apoptotic process, which could cleave the recognition peptide moiety (DEVD) with a flanking fluorescent resonance energy transfer (FRET) pair containing near-infrared (NIR) fluorophore Cy5 and quencher Qsy21 on the HSA nanocarrier surface. The turn-on fluorescence in response to caspase-3 could be assessed by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry analysis. Our results supported the hypothesis that such a unique design may present a successful platform for multiple roles: (i) a biocompatible protein-based nanocarrier for drug delivery, (ii) the controlled drug release with strengthened therapeutic effects, (iii) real-time monitoring of antitumor drug efficacy at the earlier stage.
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25
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Wong DYQ, Ong WWF, Ang WH. Induction of Immunogenic Cell Death by Chemotherapeutic Platinum Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201500934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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26
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Wong DYQ, Ong WWF, Ang WH. Induction of immunogenic cell death by chemotherapeutic platinum complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:6483-7. [PMID: 25873535 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201500934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
There is compelling evidence suggesting that the immune-modulating effects of many conventional chemotherapeutics, including platinum-based agents, play a crucial role in achieving clinical response. One way in which chemotherapeutics can engage a tumor-specific immune response is by triggering an immunogenic mode of tumor cell death (ICD), which then acts as an "anticancer vaccine". In spite of being a mainstay of chemotherapy, there has not been a systematic attempt to screen both existing and upcoming Pt agents for their ICD ability. A library of chemotherapeutically active Pt agents was evaluated in an in vitro phagocytosis assay, and no correlation between cytotoxicity and phagocytosis was observed. A Pt(II) N-heterocyclic carbene complex was found to display the characteristic hallmarks of a type II ICD inducer, namely focused oxidative endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, calreticulin exposure, and both HMGB1 and ATP release, and thus identified as the first small-molecule immuno-chemotherapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Yuan Qiang Wong
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore (Singapore)
| | - Wendy Wei Fang Ong
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore (Singapore)
| | - Wee Han Ang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore (Singapore). .,NUS Graduate School of Integrative Sciences and Engineering, 28 Medical Drive, Singapore (Singapore).
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27
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Zhang X, Zhang Z, Xu X, Li Y, Li Y, Jian Y, Gu Z. Bioinspired Therapeutic Dendrimers as Efficient Peptide Drugs Based on Supramolecular Interactions for Tumor Inhibition. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201500683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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28
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Zhang X, Zhang Z, Xu X, Li Y, Li Y, Jian Y, Gu Z. Bioinspired Therapeutic Dendrimers as Efficient Peptide Drugs Based on Supramolecular Interactions for Tumor Inhibition. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:4289-94. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201500683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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