1
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Lee HJ, Maruoka K. Recent Asymmetric Phase-Transfer Catalysis with Chiral Binaphthyl-Modified and Related Phase-Transfer Catalysts over the Last 10 Years. CHEM REC 2023:e202200286. [PMID: 36850022 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202200286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
In this personal account, we describe our recent advances in the three types of phase-transfer catalysis for various transformations including asymmetric induction: Firstly, asymmetric phase-transfer catalysis with Maruoka-type C2 -symmetric chiral biaryl-modified tetraalkylammonium salts and phosphonium salts; Secondly, asymmetric phase-transfer catalysis under base-free and neutral conditions; Thirdly, hydrogen-bonding catalysis using tetraalkylammonium and trialkylsulfonium salts. These three different strategies are illustrated by using various phase-transfer catalyzed transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo-Jun Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Kunsan National University, Gunsan, 54150, Republic of Korea
| | - Keiji Maruoka
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.,School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
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2
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Han J, Liu R, Lin Z, Zi W. Stereodivergent Construction of Csp 3 -Csp 3 Bonds Bearing Vicinal Stereocenters by Synergistic Palladium and Phase-Transfer Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202215714. [PMID: 36380525 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202215714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Synergistic catalysis has emerged as one of the most powerful tools for stereodivergent formation of Csp3 -Csp3 bonds bearing vicinal stereocenters. Despite the many successes that have been achieved in this field, stereodivergent Csp3 -Csp3 coupling reactions involving stabilized nucleophiles remain challenging because of the competing single-catalysis pathway. Herein, we report a synergistic palladium/phase-transfer catalyst system that enables diastereodivergent Csp3 -Csp3 coupling reactions of 1,3-dienes with stabilized nucleophile oxindoles. Both the syn and anti coupling products, bearing quaternary and tertiary vicinal stereocenters, could be selectively produced in good yields with high enantio- and diastereoselectivities. Non-covalent activation of the stabilized nucleophile via chiral ion pair in a biphasic system is a crucial success factor in achieving diastereodivergence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingqiang Han
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Rixin Liu
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Zitong Lin
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Weiwei Zi
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.,Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin, 300071, China
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3
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Waser M, Winter M, Mairhofer C. (Thio)urea containing chiral ammonium salt catalysts. CHEM REC 2022:e202200198. [PMID: 36175162 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202200198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
(Thio)-urea-containing bifunctional quaternary ammonium salts emerged as powerful non-covalently interacting organocatalysts over the course of the last decade. The most commonly employed catalysts in this field are either based on Cinchona alkaloids, α-amino acids, or trans-cyclohexane-1,2-diamine. Our group has been heavily engaged in the design and use of such catalysts, i. e. trans-cyclohexane-1,2-diamine-based ones for around 10 years now, and it is therefore the intention of this short personal account to provide an overview of the, at least in our opinion, most significant and pioneering achievements in this field by looking on catalyst design and asymmetric method development, with a special focus on our own contributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Waser
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenbergerstrasse 69, 4040, Linz, Austria
| | - Michael Winter
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenbergerstrasse 69, 4040, Linz, Austria
| | - Christopher Mairhofer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenbergerstrasse 69, 4040, Linz, Austria
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4
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Feng Z, Zhang H, Ren X, Jiang C, Gao G, Wang T. Enantioselective Construction of Tertiary C(sp3)−P Bonds by Thiourea‐based Bifunctional Phosphonium Salt‐catalyzed Hydrophosphonylation of Ketone Compounds. ChemCatChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202100799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenghuai Feng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| | - Hongkui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Ren
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| | - Chunhui Jiang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering Jiangsu University of Science and Technology 2 Mengxi Road Zhenjiang 212003 P. R. China
| | - Guowei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| | - Tianli Wang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
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5
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Tyszka-Gumkowska A, Jurczak J. Divergent synthesis of pyrrolidine and glutamic acid derivatives using a macrocyclic phase-transfer catalyst under high-pressure conditions. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo01198g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The reactivity of the glycine ketimine ester with α,β-unsaturated ketones in the presence of macrocyclic hybrid phase-transfer catalysts under high pressure conditions has been investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Tyszka-Gumkowska
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Janusz Jurczak
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
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6
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Lu D, Liu X, Wu J, Zhang S, Tan J, Yu X, Wang T. Asymmetric Construction of Bispiro‐Cyclopropane‐Pyrazolones via a [2+1] Cyclization Reaction by Dipeptide‐Based Phosphonium Salt Catalysis. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202000073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dongming Lu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of ChemistrySichuan University Chengdu 610064 People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of ChemistrySichuan University Chengdu 610064 People's Republic of China
| | - Jia‐Hong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of ChemistrySichuan University Chengdu 610064 People's Republic of China
| | - Song Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of ChemistrySichuan University Chengdu 610064 People's Republic of China
| | - Jian‐Ping Tan
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of ChemistrySichuan University Chengdu 610064 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojun Yu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of ChemistrySichuan University Chengdu 610064 People's Republic of China
- Department of Chemistry, School of Basic Medical SciencesSouthwest Medical University Luzhou 646000 People's Republic of China
| | - Tianli Wang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of ChemistrySichuan University Chengdu 610064 People's Republic of China
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7
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Wu H, Qiu C, Zhang Z, Zhang B, Zhang S, Xu Y, Zhou H, Su C, Loh KP. Graphene‐Oxide‐Catalyzed Cross‐Dehydrogenative Coupling of Oxindoles with Arenes and Thiophenols. Adv Synth Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201901224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongru Wu
- International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Engineering Technology Research Center for 2D Materials Information Functional Devices and Systems of Guangdong Province, Institute of Microscale OptoeletronicsShenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 People's Republic of China E-mail addresses
| | - Chuntian Qiu
- International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Engineering Technology Research Center for 2D Materials Information Functional Devices and Systems of Guangdong Province, Institute of Microscale OptoeletronicsShenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 People's Republic of China E-mail addresses
| | - Zhaofei Zhang
- International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Engineering Technology Research Center for 2D Materials Information Functional Devices and Systems of Guangdong Province, Institute of Microscale OptoeletronicsShenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 People's Republic of China E-mail addresses
| | - Bing Zhang
- International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Engineering Technology Research Center for 2D Materials Information Functional Devices and Systems of Guangdong Province, Institute of Microscale OptoeletronicsShenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 People's Republic of China E-mail addresses
| | - Shaolong Zhang
- International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Engineering Technology Research Center for 2D Materials Information Functional Devices and Systems of Guangdong Province, Institute of Microscale OptoeletronicsShenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 People's Republic of China E-mail addresses
- Department of Chemistry, Department of ChemistryNational University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 Singapore 117543 Singapore
| | - Yangsen Xu
- International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Engineering Technology Research Center for 2D Materials Information Functional Devices and Systems of Guangdong Province, Institute of Microscale OptoeletronicsShenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 People's Republic of China E-mail addresses
| | - Hongwei Zhou
- College of Biological, Chemical Science and EngineeringJiaxing University 118 Jiahang Road Jiaxing 314001 People's Republic of China
| | - Chenliang Su
- International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Engineering Technology Research Center for 2D Materials Information Functional Devices and Systems of Guangdong Province, Institute of Microscale OptoeletronicsShenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 People's Republic of China E-mail addresses
| | - Kian Ping Loh
- Department of Chemistry, Department of ChemistryNational University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 Singapore 117543 Singapore
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8
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Paluru DK, Mahesh S, Ahmad F, Vijaya Anand R. A Cascade Synthesis of Hetero‐arylated Triarylmethanes Through a Double 5‐
endo
‐dig Cyclization Sequence. Chem Asian J 2019; 14:4688-4695. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201900960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dilip K. Paluru
- Department of Chemical SciencesIndian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali Sector 81, Knowledge City, S. A. S. Nagar, Manauli (PO) Punjab- 140306 India
| | - Sriram Mahesh
- Department of Chemical SciencesIndian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali Sector 81, Knowledge City, S. A. S. Nagar, Manauli (PO) Punjab- 140306 India
| | - Feroz Ahmad
- Department of Chemical SciencesIndian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali Sector 81, Knowledge City, S. A. S. Nagar, Manauli (PO) Punjab- 140306 India
| | - Ramasamy Vijaya Anand
- Department of Chemical SciencesIndian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali Sector 81, Knowledge City, S. A. S. Nagar, Manauli (PO) Punjab- 140306 India
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9
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Pan J, Wu J, Zhang H, Ren X, Tan J, Zhu L, Zhang H, Jiang C, Wang T. Highly Enantioselective Synthesis of Fused Tri‐ and Tetrasubstituted Aziridines: aza‐Darzens Reaction of Cyclic Imines with α‐Halogenated Ketones Catalyzed by Bifunctional Phosphonium Salt. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201900613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianke Pan
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of EducationCollege of ChemistrySichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| | - Jia‐Hong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of EducationCollege of ChemistrySichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| | - Hongkui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of EducationCollege of ChemistrySichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Ren
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of EducationCollege of ChemistrySichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| | - Jian‐Ping Tan
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of EducationCollege of ChemistrySichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| | - Lixiang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of EducationCollege of ChemistrySichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| | - Hong‐Su Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of EducationCollege of ChemistrySichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| | - Chunhui Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of EducationCollege of ChemistrySichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
- School of Environmental and Chemical EngineeringJiangsu University of Science and Technology 2 Mengxi Road Zhenjiang 212003 P. R. China
| | - Tianli Wang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of EducationCollege of ChemistrySichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
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10
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Pan J, Wu JH, Zhang H, Ren X, Tan JP, Zhu L, Zhang HS, Jiang C, Wang T. Highly Enantioselective Synthesis of Fused Tri- and Tetrasubstituted Aziridines: aza-Darzens Reaction of Cyclic Imines with α-Halogenated Ketones Catalyzed by Bifunctional Phosphonium Salt. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:7425-7430. [PMID: 30958634 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201900613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The first enantioselective aza-Darzens reaction of cyclic imines with α-halogenated ketones was realized under mild reaction conditions by using amino-acid-derived bifunctional phosphonium salts as phase-transfer promoters. A variety of structurally dense tri- and tetrasubstituted aziridine derivatives, containing benzofused heterocycles as well as spiro-structures, were readily synthesized in high yields with excellent diastereo- and enantioselectivities (up to >20:1 d.r. and >99.9 % ee). The highly functionalized aziridine products could be easily transformed into different classes of biologically active compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianke Pan
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Hong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Hongkui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Ren
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Ping Tan
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Lixiang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Su Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Chunhui Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China.,School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, 2 Mengxi Road, Zhenjiang, 212003, P. R. China
| | - Tianli Wang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
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11
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Brüning F, Katayev D, Togni A. Facile and Efficient Synthesis of 3-Pyrimidinyl Oxindoles by Phase-Transfer-Catalyzed Regioselective Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201800587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Brüning
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences; Swiss Federal Institute of Technology; ETH Zurich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2 8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Dmitry Katayev
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences; Swiss Federal Institute of Technology; ETH Zurich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2 8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Antonio Togni
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences; Swiss Federal Institute of Technology; ETH Zurich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2 8093 Zurich Switzerland
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12
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Kondoh A, Aoki T, Terada M. Organocatalytic Arylation of α-Ketoesters Based on Umpolung Strategy: Phosphazene-Catalyzed SN
Ar Reaction Utilizing [1,2]-Phospha-Brook Rearrangement. Chemistry 2018; 24:13110-13113. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201803218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Azusa Kondoh
- Research and Analytical Center for Giant Molecules; Graduate School of Science; Tohoku University; Aramaki Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8578 Japan
| | - Takuma Aoki
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Tohoku University; Aramaki Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8578 Japan
| | - Masahiro Terada
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Tohoku University; Aramaki Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8578 Japan
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13
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Gade AB, Bagle PN, Shinde PS, Bhardwaj V, Banerjee S, Chande A, Patil NT. Catalytic Enantioselective 1,3-Alkyl Shift in Alkyl Aryl Ethers: Efficient Synthesis of Optically Active 3,3′-Diaryloxindoles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:5735-5739. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201801650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amol B. Gade
- Division of Organic Chemistry; CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory; Dr. Homi Bhabha Road Pune - 411 008 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR); New Delhi - 110 025 India
| | - Pradip N. Bagle
- Division of Organic Chemistry; CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory; Dr. Homi Bhabha Road Pune - 411 008 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR); New Delhi - 110 025 India
| | - Popat S. Shinde
- Division of Organic Chemistry; CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory; Dr. Homi Bhabha Road Pune - 411 008 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR); New Delhi - 110 025 India
| | - Vipin Bhardwaj
- Department of Biological Sciences; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhauri; Bhopal 462 066 India
| | - Subhrashis Banerjee
- Physical and Materials Chemistry Division; CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory; Dr Homi Bhabha Road Pune - 411 008 India
| | - Ajit Chande
- Department of Biological Sciences; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhauri; Bhopal 462 066 India
| | - Nitin T. Patil
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhauri; Bhopal 462 066 India
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14
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Gade AB, Bagle PN, Shinde PS, Bhardwaj V, Banerjee S, Chande A, Patil NT. Catalytic Enantioselective 1,3-Alkyl Shift in Alkyl Aryl Ethers: Efficient Synthesis of Optically Active 3,3′-Diaryloxindoles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201801650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amol B. Gade
- Division of Organic Chemistry; CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory; Dr. Homi Bhabha Road Pune - 411 008 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR); New Delhi - 110 025 India
| | - Pradip N. Bagle
- Division of Organic Chemistry; CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory; Dr. Homi Bhabha Road Pune - 411 008 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR); New Delhi - 110 025 India
| | - Popat S. Shinde
- Division of Organic Chemistry; CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory; Dr. Homi Bhabha Road Pune - 411 008 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR); New Delhi - 110 025 India
| | - Vipin Bhardwaj
- Department of Biological Sciences; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhauri; Bhopal 462 066 India
| | - Subhrashis Banerjee
- Physical and Materials Chemistry Division; CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory; Dr Homi Bhabha Road Pune - 411 008 India
| | - Ajit Chande
- Department of Biological Sciences; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhauri; Bhopal 462 066 India
| | - Nitin T. Patil
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhauri; Bhopal 462 066 India
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15
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Cardenas MM, Toenjes ST, Nalbandian CJ, Gustafson JL. Enantioselective Synthesis of Pyrrolopyrimidine Scaffolds through Cation-Directed Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution. Org Lett 2018; 20:2037-2041. [PMID: 29561161 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b00579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The catalytic enantioselective synthesis of 3-aryl-substituted pyrrolopyrimidines (PPYs), a common motif in drug discovery, is achieved through a kinetic resolution via quaternary ammonium salt-catalyzed nucleophilic aromatic substitution (SNAr). Both enantioenriched products and starting materials can be functionalized with no observed racemization to give enantiodivergent access to diverse chiral analogues of an important class of kinase inhibitor. One of the compounds was found to be a potent and selective inhibitor of breast tumor kinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariel M Cardenas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , San Diego State University , 5500 Campanile Drive , San Diego , California 92182-1030 , United States
| | - Sean T Toenjes
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , San Diego State University , 5500 Campanile Drive , San Diego , California 92182-1030 , United States
| | - Christopher J Nalbandian
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , San Diego State University , 5500 Campanile Drive , San Diego , California 92182-1030 , United States
| | - Jeffrey L Gustafson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , San Diego State University , 5500 Campanile Drive , San Diego , California 92182-1030 , United States
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16
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Overview on the Recent Strategies for the Enantioselective Synthesis of 1, 1-Diarylalkanes, Triarylmethanes and Related Molecules Containing the Diarylmethine Stereocenter. ChemCatChem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201701601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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17
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Golandaj A, Ahmad A, Ramjugernath D. Phosphonium Salts in Asymmetric Catalysis: A Journey in a Decade's Extensive Research Work. Adv Synth Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201700795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ajij Golandaj
- Thermodynamics Research Unit, School of Chemical Engineering; University of KwaZulu-Natal; Howard College Campus, Private Bag X54001 Durban 4041 Republic of South Africa
| | - Akil Ahmad
- Thermodynamics Research Unit, School of Chemical Engineering; University of KwaZulu-Natal; Howard College Campus, Private Bag X54001 Durban 4041 Republic of South Africa
| | - Deresh Ramjugernath
- Thermodynamics Research Unit, School of Chemical Engineering; University of KwaZulu-Natal; Howard College Campus, Private Bag X54001 Durban 4041 Republic of South Africa
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18
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Liu G, Zhuo M, An D, Zhang G, Qin X, Gao J, Fan Y, Zhang S. Highly Enantioselective Friedel-Crafts Reactions of Indoles with Isatins Catalyzed by Chiral Imidodiphosphoric Acids. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201700175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guofeng Liu
- College of Chemistry; Jilin University; 2699 Qianjin Street Changchun 130012 People's Republic of China
| | - Minghua Zhuo
- College of Chemistry; Jilin University; 2699 Qianjin Street Changchun 130012 People's Republic of China
| | - Dong An
- College of Chemistry; Jilin University; 2699 Qianjin Street Changchun 130012 People's Republic of China
| | - Guangliang Zhang
- College of Chemistry; Jilin University; 2699 Qianjin Street Changchun 130012 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangshuo Qin
- College of Chemistry; Jilin University; 2699 Qianjin Street Changchun 130012 People's Republic of China
| | - Jigang Gao
- College of Chemistry; Jilin University; 2699 Qianjin Street Changchun 130012 People's Republic of China
| | - Yansen Fan
- College of Chemistry; Jilin University; 2699 Qianjin Street Changchun 130012 People's Republic of China
| | - Suoqin Zhang
- College of Chemistry; Jilin University; 2699 Qianjin Street Changchun 130012 People's Republic of China
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19
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Dalpozzo R. Recent Catalytic Asymmetric Syntheses of 3,3-Disubstituted Indolin-2-ones and 2,2-Disubstituted Indolin-3-ones. Adv Synth Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201700361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Renato Dalpozzo
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche; Università della Calabria; 87030 Arcavacata di Rende (Cs Italy
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20
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Liu S, Maruoka K, Shirakawa S. Chiral Tertiary Sulfonium Salts as Effective Catalysts for Asymmetric Base-Free Neutral Phase-Transfer Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:4819-4823. [PMID: 28371093 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201612328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Although chiral quaternary ammonium and phosphonium salts are commonly used for asymmetric organocatalysis, the catalytic ability of chiral tertiary sulfonium salts has yet to be demonstrated in asymmetric synthesis. Herein, we show that chiral bifunctional trialkylsulfonium salts catalyze highly enantioselective conjugate additions of 3-substituted oxindoles to maleimides under base-free neutral phase-transfer conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyao Liu
- Department of Environmental Science, Graduate School of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan
| | - Keiji Maruoka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Seiji Shirakawa
- Department of Environmental Science, Graduate School of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan
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21
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Liu S, Maruoka K, Shirakawa S. Chiral Tertiary Sulfonium Salts as Effective Catalysts for Asymmetric Base-Free Neutral Phase-Transfer Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201612328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shiyao Liu
- Department of Environmental Science; Graduate School of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences; Nagasaki University; 1-14 Bunkyo-machi Nagasaki 852-8521 Japan
| | - Keiji Maruoka
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University; Sakyo Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Seiji Shirakawa
- Department of Environmental Science; Graduate School of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences; Nagasaki University; 1-14 Bunkyo-machi Nagasaki 852-8521 Japan
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22
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Wang H, Wang K, Ren Y, Li N, Tang B, Zhao G. Asymmetric Strecker Reactions Catalyzed by Thiourea Phosphonium and Ammonium Salts. Adv Synth Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201700029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Wang
- College of Chemistry; Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong; Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes; Ministry of Education; Institute of Molecular and Nano Science; Shandong Normal University; Jinan 250014 People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Lu Shanghai 200032 People's Republic of China
| | - Kaiye Wang
- College of Chemistry; Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong; Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes; Ministry of Education; Institute of Molecular and Nano Science; Shandong Normal University; Jinan 250014 People's Republic of China
| | - Yanfei Ren
- College of Chemistry; Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong; Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes; Ministry of Education; Institute of Molecular and Nano Science; Shandong Normal University; Jinan 250014 People's Republic of China
| | - Na Li
- College of Chemistry; Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong; Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes; Ministry of Education; Institute of Molecular and Nano Science; Shandong Normal University; Jinan 250014 People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Tang
- College of Chemistry; Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong; Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes; Ministry of Education; Institute of Molecular and Nano Science; Shandong Normal University; Jinan 250014 People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Lu Shanghai 200032 People's Republic of China
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23
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Wen S, Li X, Lu Y. Enantioselective Alkylation of Glycine Imine Promoted by Amino-Acid-Derived Phosphonium Salts. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201600394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shan Wen
- Department of Chemistry; National University of Singapore; 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117552 Republic of Singapore
| | - Xing Li
- Department of Chemistry; National University of Singapore; 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117552 Republic of Singapore
| | - Yixin Lu
- Department of Chemistry; National University of Singapore; 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117552 Republic of Singapore
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24
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Wen S, Li X, Yao W, Waheed A, Ullah N, Lu Y. Highly Enantioselective Conjugate Addition of Glycine Imines to Activated Alkenes Catalyzed by Amino-Acid-Derived Chiral Phosphonium Salts. European J Org Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201600794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shan Wen
- Department of Chemistry; National University of Singapore; 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Xing Li
- Department of Chemistry; National University of Singapore; 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Weijun Yao
- Department of Chemistry; National University of Singapore; 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Abdul Waheed
- Chemistry Department; King Fahd University of Petroleum and Materials; 31261 Dhahran Saudi Arabia
| | - Nisar Ullah
- Chemistry Department; King Fahd University of Petroleum and Materials; 31261 Dhahran Saudi Arabia
| | - Yixin Lu
- Department of Chemistry; National University of Singapore; 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
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25
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Tsuchida K, Senda Y, Nakajima K, Nishibayashi Y. Construction of Chiral Tri‐ and Tetra‐Arylmethanes Bearing Quaternary Carbon Centers: Copper‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Propargylation of Indoles with Propargylic Esters. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201604182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kouhei Tsuchida
- Department of Systems Innovation, School of Engineering The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
| | - Yasushi Senda
- Department of Systems Innovation, School of Engineering The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
| | - Kazunari Nakajima
- Department of Systems Innovation, School of Engineering The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Nishibayashi
- Department of Systems Innovation, School of Engineering The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
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26
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Tsuchida K, Senda Y, Nakajima K, Nishibayashi Y. Construction of Chiral Tri‐ and Tetra‐Arylmethanes Bearing Quaternary Carbon Centers: Copper‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Propargylation of Indoles with Propargylic Esters. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:9728-32. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201604182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kouhei Tsuchida
- Department of Systems Innovation, School of Engineering The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
| | - Yasushi Senda
- Department of Systems Innovation, School of Engineering The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
| | - Kazunari Nakajima
- Department of Systems Innovation, School of Engineering The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Nishibayashi
- Department of Systems Innovation, School of Engineering The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
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27
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Zhuo MH, Liu GF, Song SL, An D, Gao J, Zheng L, Zhang S. Chiral Imidodiphosphoric Acids-Catalyzed Friedel-Crafts Reactions of Indoles/Pyrroles with 3-Hydroxy-indolyloxindoles: Enantioselective Synthesis of 3,3-Diaryloxindoles. Adv Synth Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201500985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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28
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Wang L, Li D, Yang D, Wang K, Wang J, Wang P, Su W, Wang R. Catalytic Asymmetric Ring-Opening Reactions of Aziridines with 3-Aryl-Oxindoles. Chem Asian J 2016; 11:691-5. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201501369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Revised: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Linqing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province; School of Basic Medical Sciences; Lanzhou University; Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Dan Li
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province; School of Basic Medical Sciences; Lanzhou University; Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Dongxu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province; School of Basic Medical Sciences; Lanzhou University; Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Kezhou Wang
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province; School of Basic Medical Sciences; Lanzhou University; Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Jie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province; School of Basic Medical Sciences; Lanzhou University; Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Pengxin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province; School of Basic Medical Sciences; Lanzhou University; Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Wu Su
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine; Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology; Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology; Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen; Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Rui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province; School of Basic Medical Sciences; Lanzhou University; Lanzhou 730000 China
- State Key Laboratory of Chiroscience; Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology; The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon; Hong Kong P. R. China
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29
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Wu HR, Huang HY, Ren CL, Liu L, Wang D, Li CJ. FeIII-Catalyzed Cross-Dehydrogenative Arylation (CDA) between Oxindoles and Arenes under an Air Atmosphere. Chemistry 2015; 21:16744-8. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201502519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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30
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Zong L, Du S, Chin KF, Wang C, Tan CH. Enantioselective Synthesis of Quaternary Carbon Stereocenters: Addition of 3-Substituted Oxindoles to Vinyl Sulfone Catalyzed by Pentanidiums. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:9390-3. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201503844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Revised: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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31
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Zong L, Du S, Chin KF, Wang C, Tan CH. Enantioselective Synthesis of Quaternary Carbon Stereocenters: Addition of 3-Substituted Oxindoles to Vinyl Sulfone Catalyzed by Pentanidiums. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201503844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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32
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Cao D, Zhang J, Wang H, Zhao G. Dipeptide-Derived Multifunctional Quaternary Phosphonium Salt Catalyzed Asymmetric Cyclizations via a Tandem Michael Addition/SN2 Sequence. Chemistry 2015; 21:9998-10002. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201501806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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33
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Shirakawa S, Yamamoto K, Maruoka K. Phase-Transfer-Catalyzed Asymmetric SNAr Reaction of α-Amino Acid Derivatives with Arene Chromium Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201409065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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34
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Shirakawa S, Yamamoto K, Maruoka K. Phase-Transfer-Catalyzed Asymmetric SNAr Reaction of α-Amino Acid Derivatives with Arene Chromium Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 54:838-40. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201409065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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35
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Armstrong RJ, Smith MD. Catalytic Enantioselective Synthesis of Atropisomeric Biaryls: A Cation-Directed Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution Reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:12822-6. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201408205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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36
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Armstrong RJ, Smith MD. Catalytic Enantioselective Synthesis of Atropisomeric Biaryls: A Cation-Directed Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution Reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201408205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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