1
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Hansen JKS, Tortzen CG, Sørensen PG, Brøndsted Nielsen M. On the Mechanism of the Formal [2+2] Cycloaddition - Retro-electrocyclization (CA-RE) Reaction. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202202833. [PMID: 36217899 PMCID: PMC10099493 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The [2+2] cycloaddition - retro-electrocyclization (CA-RE) reaction is a "click-like" protocol for facile synthesis of donor-acceptor chromophores from an alkyne and tetracyanoethylene. Herein we shed light on the mechanism of this reaction by detailed kinetics studies using 1 H NMR spectroscopy. By considering several experiments simultaneously, a variety of mechanistic models was evaluated. Surprisingly, a model in which the final 1,1,4,4-tetracyanobuta-1,3-diene product promoted the first step was the only one that described well the experimental data. This autocatalysis model also involved a non-concerted, stepwise formation of the cyclobutene cycloaddition adduct. By proper choice of conditions, we were able to generate the transient cyclobutene in sufficient amount to verify it as an intermediate using 13 C NMR spectroscopy. For its final retro-electrocyclization step, simple first-order kinetics was observed and only minor solvent dependence, which indicates a concerted reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christian G Tortzen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Preben Graae Sørensen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mogens Brøndsted Nielsen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
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2
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Miura T, Ishihara Y, Nakamuro T, Moritani S, Nagata Y, Murakami M. Synthesis, Structure, and Dynamics of Chiral Eight-Membered Cyclic Molecules with Thienylene and Cyclopropylene Units Alternately Connected. Chemistry 2021; 28:e202103962. [PMID: 34928539 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A rhodium(II)-catalyzed asymmetric cyclooligomerization of bifunctional monomers possessing triazolyl and vinyl groups at 2,3- and 3,4-positions on the thiophene ring is studied. Structurally interesting cyclic dimers in which thienylene and cyclopropylene units are alternately connected are obtained as the major components. The eight-membered rings in the center are non-planar and adopt a tub-shaped conformation. We also observe the phenomenon of racemization caused by a tub-to-tub ring-flipping, the activation energy of which is determined as 108 kJ mol -1 by electronic circular dichroism spectra measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Miura
- Okayama University, Division of Applied Chemistry, Tsushimanaka 3-1-1, 700-8530, Okayama, JAPAN
| | - Yumi Ishihara
- Kyoto University, Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, JAPAN
| | - Takayuki Nakamuro
- Kyoto University, Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, JAPAN
| | - Shunsuke Moritani
- Kyoto University, Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, JAPAN
| | - Yuuya Nagata
- Hokkaido University, Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery, JAPAN
| | - Masahiro Murakami
- Kyoto University, Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, JAPAN
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3
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Rivera‐Chao E, Fañanás‐Mastral M. Stereoselective Synthesis of Highly Substituted 1,3-Dienes via "à la carte" Multifunctionalization of Borylated Dendralenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:16922-16927. [PMID: 34043856 PMCID: PMC8362018 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202104741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Despite the high relevance of 1,3-dienes, stereoselective methods to access tetrasubstituted conjugated dienes are still scarce. We here report an efficient and modular approach that provides access to multifunctional tetrasubstituted 1,3-dienes with excellent levels of regio- and stereoselectivity. This methodology is based on a tetracomponent reaction between a borylated dendralene, an organolithium reagent and two different electrophiles. Mechanistic studies reveal that this transformation proceeds through a regio- and stereoselective carbolithiation/electrophilic trapping of an in situ formed dendralenic boron-ate complex, followed by a stereoretentive halodeborylation. The ease in which complex structural dienes can be accessed and their synthetic versatility highlight the importance and utility of this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Rivera‐Chao
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS)Departamento de Química OrgánicaUniversidade de Santiago de Compostela15782Santiago de CompostelaSpain
| | - Martín Fañanás‐Mastral
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS)Departamento de Química OrgánicaUniversidade de Santiago de Compostela15782Santiago de CompostelaSpain
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4
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Rivera‐Chao E, Fañanás‐Mastral M. Stereoselective Synthesis of Highly Substituted 1,3‐Dienes via “à la carte” Multifunctionalization of Borylated Dendralenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202104741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Rivera‐Chao
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS) Departamento de Química Orgánica Universidade de Santiago de Compostela 15782 Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Martín Fañanás‐Mastral
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS) Departamento de Química Orgánica Universidade de Santiago de Compostela 15782 Santiago de Compostela Spain
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5
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Shoji T, Takagaki S, Ariga Y, Yamazaki A, Takeuchi M, Ohta A, Sekiguchi R, Mori S, Okujima T, Ito S. Molecular Transformation to Pyrroles, Pentafulvenes, and Pyrrolopyridines by [2+2] Cycloaddition of Propargylamines with Tetracyanoethylene. Chemistry 2020; 26:1931-1935. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201904926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Taku Shoji
- Department of Material Science Graduate School of, Science and Technology Shinshu University Matsumoto 390-8621 Nagano Japan
| | - Sho Takagaki
- Department of Material Science Graduate School of, Science and Technology Shinshu University Matsumoto 390-8621 Nagano Japan
| | - Yukino Ariga
- Department of Material Science Graduate School of, Science and Technology Shinshu University Matsumoto 390-8621 Nagano Japan
| | - Akari Yamazaki
- Department of Material Science Graduate School of, Science and Technology Shinshu University Matsumoto 390-8621 Nagano Japan
| | - Mutsumi Takeuchi
- Department of Material Science Graduate School of, Science and Technology Shinshu University Matsumoto 390-8621 Nagano Japan
| | - Akira Ohta
- Department of Material Science Graduate School of, Science and Technology Shinshu University Matsumoto 390-8621 Nagano Japan
| | - Ryuta Sekiguchi
- Department of Material Science Graduate School of, Science and Technology Shinshu University Matsumoto 390-8621 Nagano Japan
| | - Shigeki Mori
- Advanced Research Support Center Ehime University Matsuyama 790-8577 Ehime Japan
| | - Tetsuo Okujima
- Department of Chemistry and Biology Graduate School of, Science and Engineering Ehime University Matsuyama 790-8577 Ehime Japan
| | - Shunji Ito
- Graduate School of Science and Technology Hirosaki University Hirosaki 036-8561 Aomori Japan
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6
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De Hoe C, Dean RT, Hacker AS, Dutta SH, Dominguez O, Parsons LWT, Sommerville PJW, Vandivier KP, Chalifoux WA, Frantz DK. Synthesis and Structure of a Strained, Cyclic meta
-Quaterphenylene Acetylene. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201900688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Clement De Hoe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; California Polytechnic State University; 1 Grand Avenue San Luis Obispo CA 93407 USA
| | - Ryan T. Dean
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; California Polytechnic State University; 1 Grand Avenue San Luis Obispo CA 93407 USA
| | - Allison S. Hacker
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; California Polytechnic State University; 1 Grand Avenue San Luis Obispo CA 93407 USA
| | - Sudeep H. Dutta
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; California Polytechnic State University; 1 Grand Avenue San Luis Obispo CA 93407 USA
| | - Omar Dominguez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; California Polytechnic State University; 1 Grand Avenue San Luis Obispo CA 93407 USA
| | - Leo W. T. Parsons
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; California Polytechnic State University; 1 Grand Avenue San Luis Obispo CA 93407 USA
| | - Parker J. W. Sommerville
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; California Polytechnic State University; 1 Grand Avenue San Luis Obispo CA 93407 USA
| | - Kai P. Vandivier
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; California Polytechnic State University; 1 Grand Avenue San Luis Obispo CA 93407 USA
| | - Wesley A. Chalifoux
- Department of Chemistry; University of Nevada, Reno; 1664 N. Virginia St Reno Reno NV 89557 USA
| | - Derik K. Frantz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; California Polytechnic State University; 1 Grand Avenue San Luis Obispo CA 93407 USA
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7
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Schaub TA, Margraf JT, Zakharov L, Reuter K, Jasti R. Strain‐Promoted Reactivity of Alkyne‐Containing Cycloparaphenylenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:16348-16353. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201808611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias A. Schaub
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Material Science Institute University of Oregon Eugene OR 97403 USA
| | - Johannes T. Margraf
- Chair of Theoretical Chemistry Technical University of Munich 85747 Garching Germany
| | - Lev Zakharov
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Material Science Institute University of Oregon Eugene OR 97403 USA
| | - Karsten Reuter
- Chair of Theoretical Chemistry Technical University of Munich 85747 Garching Germany
| | - Ramesh Jasti
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Material Science Institute University of Oregon Eugene OR 97403 USA
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8
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Schaub TA, Margraf JT, Zakharov L, Reuter K, Jasti R. Strain‐Promoted Reactivity of Alkyne‐Containing Cycloparaphenylenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201808611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias A. Schaub
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Material Science Institute University of Oregon Eugene OR 97403 USA
| | - Johannes T. Margraf
- Chair of Theoretical Chemistry Technical University of Munich 85747 Garching Germany
| | - Lev Zakharov
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Material Science Institute University of Oregon Eugene OR 97403 USA
| | - Karsten Reuter
- Chair of Theoretical Chemistry Technical University of Munich 85747 Garching Germany
| | - Ramesh Jasti
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Material Science Institute University of Oregon Eugene OR 97403 USA
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9
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Bouvier R, Durand R, Favereau L, Srebro‐Hooper M, Dorcet V, Roisnel T, Vanthuyne N, Vesga Y, Donnelly J, Hernandez F, Autschbach J, Trolez Y, Crassous J. Helicenes Grafted with 1,1,4,4‐Tetracyanobutadiene Moieties: π‐Helical Push–Pull Systems with Strong Electronic Circular Dichroism and Two‐Photon Absorption. Chemistry 2018; 24:14484-14494. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201802763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Romain Bouvier
- Université Rennes Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes CNRS, ISCR–UMR6226 35000 Rennes France
| | - Raphaël Durand
- Université Rennes Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes CNRS, ISCR–UMR6226 35000 Rennes France
| | - Ludovic Favereau
- Université Rennes Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes CNRS, ISCR–UMR6226 35000 Rennes France
| | - Monika Srebro‐Hooper
- Faculty of Chemistry Jagiellonian University Gronostajowa 2 30-387 Krakow Poland
| | - Vincent Dorcet
- Université Rennes Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes CNRS, ISCR–UMR6226 35000 Rennes France
| | - Thierry Roisnel
- Université Rennes Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes CNRS, ISCR–UMR6226 35000 Rennes France
| | - Nicolas Vanthuyne
- Aix Marseille Université CNRS Centrale Marseille, iSm2 13007 Marseille France
| | - Yuly Vesga
- Department of Chemistry, The College of Optics and Photonics, CREOL University of Central Florida Orlando FL 32816-2366 USA
| | - Julie Donnelly
- Department of Chemistry, The College of Optics and Photonics, CREOL University of Central Florida Orlando FL 32816-2366 USA
| | - Florencio Hernandez
- Department of Chemistry, The College of Optics and Photonics, CREOL University of Central Florida Orlando FL 32816-2366 USA
| | - Jochen Autschbach
- Department of Chemistry University at Buffalo State University of New York Buffalo NY 14260 USA
| | - Yann Trolez
- Université Rennes Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes CNRS, ISCR–UMR6226 35000 Rennes France
| | - Jeanne Crassous
- Université Rennes Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes CNRS, ISCR–UMR6226 35000 Rennes France
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10
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García R, Calbo J, Viruela R, Herranz MÁ, Ortí E, Martín N. The Role of Planarity versus Nonplanarity in the Electronic Communication of TCAQ-Based Push-Pull Chromophores. Chempluschem 2018; 83:300-307. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201700553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Raúl García
- Departamento de Química Orgánica; Facultad de Química; Universidad Complutense de Madrid; 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - Joaquín Calbo
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular; Universidad de Valencia; 46980 Paterna Spain
| | - Rafael Viruela
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular; Universidad de Valencia; 46980 Paterna Spain
| | - M. Ángeles Herranz
- Departamento de Química Orgánica; Facultad de Química; Universidad Complutense de Madrid; 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - Enrique Ortí
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular; Universidad de Valencia; 46980 Paterna Spain
| | - Nazario Martín
- Departamento de Química Orgánica; Facultad de Química; Universidad Complutense de Madrid; 28040 Madrid Spain
- IMDEA-Nanociencia; c/Faraday 9, Campus Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spain
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11
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Michinobu T, Diederich F. The [2+2] Cycloaddition-Retroelectrocyclization (CA-RE) Click Reaction: Facile Access to Molecular and Polymeric Push-Pull Chromophores. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:3552-3577. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201711605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Michinobu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Tokyo Institute of Technology; 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 1 52-8552 Japan
| | - François Diederich
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie; ETH Zurich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3 8093 Zurich Switzerland
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12
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Michinobu T, Diederich F. Die [2+2]-Cycloadditions-Retroelektrocyclisierungs(CA-RE)-Klick-Reaktion: ein einfacher Zugang zu molekularen und polymeren Push-pull-Chromophoren. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201711605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Michinobu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Tokyo Institute of Technology; 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8552 Japan
| | - François Diederich
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie; ETH-Zürich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3 8093 Zürich Schweiz
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13
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Reekie TA, Sekita M, Urner LM, Bauroth S, Ruhlmann L, Gisselbrecht JP, Boudon C, Trapp N, Clark T, Guldi DM, Diederich F. Porphyrin Donor and Tunable Push-Pull Acceptor Conjugates-Experimental Investigation of Marcus Theory. Chemistry 2017; 23:6357-6369. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201700043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tristan A. Reekie
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie; ETH Zürich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Michael Sekita
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and; Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM); Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg; Egerlandstrasse 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Lorenz M. Urner
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie; ETH Zürich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Stefan Bauroth
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and; Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM); Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg; Egerlandstrasse 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Laurent Ruhlmann
- Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et de Chimie Physique du Corps Solide, Institut de Chimie-UMR 7177, C.N.R.S.; Université de Strasbourg; 4, rue Blaise Pascal 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Jean-Paul Gisselbrecht
- Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et de Chimie Physique du Corps Solide, Institut de Chimie-UMR 7177, C.N.R.S.; Université de Strasbourg; 4, rue Blaise Pascal 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Corinne Boudon
- Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et de Chimie Physique du Corps Solide, Institut de Chimie-UMR 7177, C.N.R.S.; Université de Strasbourg; 4, rue Blaise Pascal 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Nils Trapp
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie; ETH Zürich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Timothy Clark
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy; Computer Chemistry Center; Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg; Nägelsbachstraße 25 91052 Erlangen Germany
| | - Dirk M. Guldi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and; Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM); Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg; Egerlandstrasse 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - François Diederich
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie; ETH Zürich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3 8093 Zürich Switzerland
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14
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Green NJ, Willis AC, Sherburn MS. Direct Cross‐Couplings of Propargylic Diols. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201604527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J. Green
- Research School of Chemistry Australian National University Canberra ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Anthony C. Willis
- Research School of Chemistry Australian National University Canberra ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Michael S. Sherburn
- Research School of Chemistry Australian National University Canberra ACT 2601 Australia
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15
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Green NJ, Willis AC, Sherburn MS. Direct Cross‐Couplings of Propargylic Diols. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:9244-8. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201604527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J. Green
- Research School of Chemistry Australian National University Canberra ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Anthony C. Willis
- Research School of Chemistry Australian National University Canberra ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Michael S. Sherburn
- Research School of Chemistry Australian National University Canberra ACT 2601 Australia
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