1
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Lin ZK, Lin JS, Chen ZH, Cheng HW, Huang WC, Chen SY. Electrogelated drug-embedded silk/gelatin/rGO degradable electrode for anti-inflammatory applications in brain-implant systems. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:1361-1371. [PMID: 38234194 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb02715e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Implantable electrodes have raised great interest over the last years with the increasing incidence of neurodegenerative disorders. For brain implant devices, some key factors resulting in the formation of glial scars, such as mechanical mismatch and acute injury-induced inflammation, should be considered for material design. Therefore, in this study, a new biocompatible flexible electrode (e-SgG) with arbitrary shapes on a positive electrode was developed via electrogelation by applying a direct electrical voltage on a silk fibroin/gelatin/reduced graphene oxide composite hydrogel. The implantable flexible e-SgG-2 film with 1.23% rGO content showed high Young's modulus (11-150 MPa), which was sufficient for penetration under dried conditions but subsequently became a biomimetic brain tissue with low Young's modulus (50-3200 kPa) after insertion in the brain. At the same time, an anti-inflammatory drug (DEX) incorporated into the e-SgG-2 film can be electrically stimulated to exhibit two-stage release to overcome tissue inflammation during cyclic voltammetry via degradation by applying an AC field. The results of cell response to the SF/gelatin/rGO/DEX composite film showed that the released DEX could interrupt astrocyte growth to reduce the inflammatory response but showed non-toxicity toward neurons, which demonstrated a great potential for the application of the biocompatible and degradable e-SgG-D electrodes in the improvement of nerve tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Kai Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300093, Taiwan.
| | - Jing-Syu Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300093, Taiwan.
| | - Zih-Huei Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300093, Taiwan.
| | - Hung-Wei Cheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300093, Taiwan.
| | - Wei-Chen Huang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300093, Taiwan.
| | - San-Yuan Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300093, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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2
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Báti G, Laxmi S, Stuparu MC. Mechanochemical Synthesis of Corannulene: Scalable and Efficient Preparation of A Curved Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon under Ball Milling Conditions. CHEMSUSCHEM 2023; 16:e202301087. [PMID: 37581302 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202301087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Corannulene, a curved polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, is prepared in a multigram scale through mechanochemical synthesis. Initially, a mixer mill approach is examined and found to be suitable for a gram scale synthesis. For larger scales, planetary mills are used. For instance, 15 g of corannulene could be obtained in a single milling cycle with an isolated yield of 90 %. The yields are lower when the jar rotation rate is lower or higher than 400 revolutions per minute (rpm). Cumulatively, 98 g of corannulene is produced through the ball milling-based grinding techniques. These results indicate the future potential of mechanochemistry in the rational chemical synthesis of highly curved nanocarbons such as fullerenes and carbon nanotubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Báti
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link, 637371, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shoba Laxmi
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link, 637371, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mihaiela C Stuparu
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link, 637371, Singapore, Singapore
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3
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Bartalucci E, Schumacher C, Hendrickx L, Puccetti F, d'Anciães Almeida Silva I, Dervişoğlu R, Puttreddy R, Bolm C, Wiegand T. Disentangling the Effect of Pressure and Mixing on a Mechanochemical Bromination Reaction by Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203466. [PMID: 36445819 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Mechanical forces, including compressive stresses, have a significant impact on chemical reactions. Besides the preparative opportunities, mechanochemical conditions benefit from the absence of any organic solvent, the possibility of a significant synthetic acceleration and unique reaction pathways. Together with an accurate characterization of ball-milling products, the development of a deeper mechanistic understanding of the occurring transformations at a molecular level is critical for fully grasping the potential of organic mechanosynthesis. We herein studied a bromination of a cyclic sulfoximine in a mixer mill and used solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy for structural characterization of the reaction products. Magic-angle spinning (MAS) was applied for elucidating the product mixtures taken from the milling jar without introducing any further post-processing on the sample. Ex situ 13 C-detected NMR spectra of ball-milling products showed the formation of a crystalline solid phase with the regioselective bromination of the S-aryl group of the heterocycle in position 4. Completion is reached in less than 30 minutes as deduced from the NMR spectra. The bromination can also be achieved by magnetic stirring, but then, a longer reaction time is required. Mixing the solid educts in the NMR rotor allows to get in situ insights into the reaction and enables the detection of a reaction intermediate. The pressure alone induced in the rotor by MAS is not sufficient to lead to full conversion and the reaction occurs on slower time scales than in the ball mill, which is crucial for analysing mixtures taken from the milling jar by solid-state NMR. Our data suggest that on top of centrifugal forces, an efficient mixing of the starting materials is required for reaching a complete reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ettore Bartalucci
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstr. 34-36, 45470, Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
| | - Christian Schumacher
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Leeroy Hendrickx
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Francesco Puccetti
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Rıza Dervişoğlu
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstr. 34-36, 45470, Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
| | - Rakesh Puttreddy
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany.,University of Jyvaskyla, Department of Chemistry P. O. Box. 35, Survontie 9B, 40014, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Carsten Bolm
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Wiegand
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstr. 34-36, 45470, Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany.,Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
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4
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Xuan M, Schumacher C, Bolm C, Göstl R, Herrmann A. The Mechanochemical Synthesis and Activation of Carbon-Rich π-Conjugated Materials. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2105497. [PMID: 35048569 PMCID: PMC9259731 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202105497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Mechanochemistry uses mechanical force to break, form, and manipulate chemical bonds to achieve functional transformations and syntheses. Over the last years, many innovative applications of mechanochemistry have been developed. Specifically for the synthesis and activation of carbon-rich π-conjugated materials, mechanochemistry offers reaction pathways that either are inaccessible with other stimuli, such as light and heat, or improve reaction yields, energy consumption, and substrate scope. Therefore, this review summarizes the recent advances in this research field combining the viewpoints of polymer and trituration mechanochemistry. The highlighted mechanochemical transformations include π-conjugated materials as optical force probes, the force-induced release of small dye molecules, and the mechanochemical synthesis of polyacetylene, carbon allotropes, and other π-conjugated materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjun Xuan
- DWI – Leibniz Institute for Interactive MaterialsForckenbeckstr. 50Aachen52056Germany
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityWorringerweg 1Aachen52074Germany
| | - Christian Schumacher
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 1Aachen52074Germany
| | - Carsten Bolm
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 1Aachen52074Germany
| | - Robert Göstl
- DWI – Leibniz Institute for Interactive MaterialsForckenbeckstr. 50Aachen52056Germany
| | - Andreas Herrmann
- DWI – Leibniz Institute for Interactive MaterialsForckenbeckstr. 50Aachen52056Germany
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityWorringerweg 1Aachen52074Germany
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5
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Michalchuk AAL, Emmerling F. Time-Resolved In Situ Monitoring of Mechanochemical Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202117270. [PMID: 35128778 PMCID: PMC9400867 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202117270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Mechanochemical transformations offer environmentally benign synthesis routes, whilst enhancing both the speed and selectivity of reactions. In this regard, mechanochemistry promises to transform the way in which chemistry is done in both academia and industry but is greatly hindered by a current lack of mechanistic understanding. The continued development and use of time-resolved in situ (TRIS) approaches to monitor mechanochemical reactions provides a new dimension to elucidate these fascinating transformations. We here discuss recent trends in method development that have pushed the boundaries of mechanochemical research. New features of mechanochemical reactions obtained by TRIS techniques are subsequently discussed, which sheds light on how different TRIS approaches have been used. Emphasis is placed on the strength of combining complementary techniques. Finally, we outline our views on the potential of TRIS methods in mechanochemical research, towards establishing a new, environmentally benign paradigm in the chemical sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam A. L. Michalchuk
- BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and TestingRichard-Willstätter-Strasse1112489BerlinGermany
| | - Franziska Emmerling
- BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and TestingRichard-Willstätter-Strasse1112489BerlinGermany
- Department of ChemistryHumboldt-Universität zu BerlinBrook-Taylor-Strasse 212489BerlinGermany
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6
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Michalchuk AAL, Emmerling F. Zeitaufgelöste In‐Situ‐Untersuchungen von mechanochemischen Reaktionen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202117270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adam A. L. Michalchuk
- BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing Richard-Willstätter-Straße 11 12489 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Franziska Emmerling
- BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing Richard-Willstätter-Straße 11 12489 Berlin Deutschland
- Department of Chemistry Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Brook-Taylor-Straße 2 12489 Berlin Deutschland
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7
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Puccetti F, Lukin S, Užarević K, Colacino E, Halasz I, Bolm C, Hernández JG. Mechanistic Insights on the Mechanosynthesis of Phenytoin, a WHO Essential Medicine. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202104409. [PMID: 35041251 PMCID: PMC9304275 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202104409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, mechanochemistry has enriched the toolbox of synthetic chemists, enabling faster and more sustainable access to new materials and existing products, including active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). However, molecular‐level understanding of most mechanochemical reactions remains limited, delaying the implementation of mechanochemistry in industrial applications. Herein, we have applied in situ monitoring by Raman spectroscopy to the mechanosynthesis of phenytoin, a World Health Organization (WHO) Essential Medicine, enabling the observation, isolation, and characterization of key molecular‐migration intermediates involved in the single‐step transformation of benzil, urea, and KOH into phenytoin. This work contributes to the elucidation of a reaction mechanism that has been subjected to a number of interpretations over time and paints a clear picture of how mechanosynthesis can be applied and optimized for the preparation of added‐value molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Puccetti
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Stipe Lukin
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Krunoslav Užarević
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Ivan Halasz
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Carsten Bolm
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - José G Hernández
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
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8
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Casali L, Feiler T, Heilmann M, Braga D, Emmerling F, Grepioni F. Too much water? Not enough? In situ monitoring of the mechanochemical reaction of copper salts with dicyandiamide. CrystEngComm 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ce01670a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In situ monitoring, via X-ray and Raman spectroscopy, of mechanochemical reactions between dicyandiamide and copper(ii) salts shows that the amount of added water and the milling frequency strongly impact on the products of the solid state synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Casali
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Torvid Feiler
- BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Maria Heilmann
- BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dario Braga
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Franziska Emmerling
- BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Fabrizia Grepioni
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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9
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Petersen H, Weidenthaler C. A review of recent developments for the in situ/operando characterization of nanoporous materials. Inorg Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qi00977c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This is a review on up-to-date in situ/operando methods for a comprehensive characterization of nanoporous materials. The group of nanoporous materials is constantly growing, and with it, the variety of...
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10
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Rautenberg M, Bhattacharya B, Witt J, Jain M, Emmerling F. In situ time-resolved monitoring of mixed-ligand metal–organic framework mechanosynthesis. CrystEngComm 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2ce00803c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism of mixed-ligand metal–organic framework (MOF) formation, and the possible role of intermediate single-ligand metal complexes during mechanosynthesis, are explored for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Rautenberg
- BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Richard-Willstätter-Str. 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Biswajit Bhattacharya
- BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Richard-Willstätter-Str. 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Julia Witt
- BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Richard-Willstätter-Str. 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Mohit Jain
- BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Richard-Willstätter-Str. 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Materials Science, Technical University of Darmstadt, Karolinenplatz 5, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Franziska Emmerling
- BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Richard-Willstätter-Str. 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
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11
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Belenguer AM, Lampronti GI, Sanders JKM. Implications of Thermodynamic Control: Dynamic Equilibrium Under Ball Mill Grinding Conditions. Isr J Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.202100090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana M. Belenguer
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry University of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW United Kingdom
| | - Giulio I. Lampronti
- Department of Earth Sciences University of Cambridge Downing Street Cambridge CB2 3EQ United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy K. M. Sanders
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry University of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW United Kingdom
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12
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Ardila-Fierro KJ, Hernández JG. Sustainability Assessment of Mechanochemistry by Using the Twelve Principles of Green Chemistry. CHEMSUSCHEM 2021; 14:2145-2162. [PMID: 33835716 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202100478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, mechanochemistry has been growing into a widely accepted alternative for chemical synthesis. In addition to their efficiency and practicality, mechanochemical reactions are also recognized for their sustainability. The association between mechanochemistry and Green Chemistry often originates from the solvent-free nature of most mechanochemical protocols, which can reduce waste production. However, mechanochemistry satisfies more than one of the Principles of Green Chemistry. In this Review we will present a series of examples that will clearly illustrate how mechanochemistry can significantly contribute to the fulfillment of Green Chemistry in a more holistic manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen J Ardila-Fierro
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička c. 54, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - José G Hernández
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička c. 54, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
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13
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Koby RF, Doerr AM, Rightmire NR, Schley ND, Brennessel WW, Long BK, Hanusa TP. Mechanochemical Formation, Solution Rearrangements, and Catalytic Behavior of a Polymorphic Ca/K Allyl Complex. Chemistry 2021; 27:8195-8202. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ross F. Koby
- Department of Chemistry Vanderbilt University Nashville TN 37235 USA
| | - Alicia M. Doerr
- Department of Chemistry University of Tennessee Knoxville TN 37996–1600 USA
| | | | - Nathan D. Schley
- Department of Chemistry Vanderbilt University Nashville TN 37235 USA
| | - William W. Brennessel
- X-ray Crystallographic Facility, Department of Chemistry University of Rochester Rochester NY 14627 USA
| | - Brian K. Long
- Department of Chemistry University of Tennessee Knoxville TN 37996–1600 USA
| | - Timothy P. Hanusa
- Department of Chemistry Vanderbilt University Nashville TN 37235 USA
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14
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Wilke M, Gawryluk DJ, Casati N. Metastability and Seeding Effects in the Mechanochemical Hybrid Lead(II) Iodide Formation. Chemistry 2021; 27:5944-5955. [PMID: 33319376 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202004431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism for the mechanochemical synthesis of (C(NH2 )3 )3 PbI5 3 and (C(NH2 )3 )4 PbI6 4 and their conversion into each other is presented. We investigated the synthesis of 3 at different frequencies and energies using in situ powder X-ray diffraction. By splitting the reaction into single parts we could prove that the formation of 3 is simply dependent on the energy and mixing speed. The nucleation of 4 instead is slightly negative dependent on the energy but dependent on the mixing speed, while its growth is mostly independent of any influence. We were able to influence the reaction pathways by seeding the mixture with a small amount of powdery 4. The formation of 4 is very likely an auto-catalytic process. 3 instead is metastable. It can be stabilized by energy, which beside mechanochemistry can also be achieved by temperature. The results showcases the complex nature of mechanochemical reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Wilke
- Laboratory for Synchrotron Radiation-Condensed Matter, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Dariusz Jakub Gawryluk
- Laboratory for Multiscale Materials Experiments, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Nicola Casati
- Laboratory for Synchrotron Radiation-Condensed Matter, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
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15
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Štrukil V. Highly Efficient Solid-State Hydrolysis of Waste Polyethylene Terephthalate by Mechanochemical Milling and Vapor-Assisted Aging. CHEMSUSCHEM 2021; 14:330-338. [PMID: 32986929 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202002124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Despite significant methodological and technological advancements in chemical recycling of synthetic polymers, an efficient and quantitative conversion of post-consumer polyethylene terephthalate (PET) into terephthalic acid (TPA) under ambient conditions of temperature and pressure still remains a challenge. In this respect, the application of mechanochemistry and multiple advantages offered by solid-state ball milling and vapor-assisted aging have remained insufficiently explored. To further expand their potential, the implementation of organic solvent-free milling as a superior methodology for successful alkaline depolymerization of waste PET (e. g., bottles and textile) into TPA monomer in near-quantitative yields was reported herein. The solid-state alkaline PET hydrolysis was also shown to proceed in excellent yields under aging conditions in humid environment or in the presence of alcohol vapors. Moreover, the performance of mechanochemical ball milling and aging in the gram-scale depolymerization of PET into TPA was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vjekoslav Štrukil
- Laboratory for Physical Organic Chemistry, Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
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16
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Pickhardt W, Grätz S, Borchardt L. Direct Mechanocatalysis: Using Milling Balls as Catalysts. Chemistry 2020; 26:12903-12911. [PMID: 32314837 PMCID: PMC7589287 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Direct mechanocatalysis describes catalytic reactions under the involvement of mechanical energy with the distinct feature of milling equipment itself being the catalyst. This novel type of catalysis features no solubility challenges of the catalysts nor the substrate and on top offering most facile way of separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilm Pickhardt
- Inorganic Chemistry IRuhr-University BochumUniversitätsstraße 15044801BochumGermany
| | - Sven Grätz
- Inorganic Chemistry IRuhr-University BochumUniversitätsstraße 15044801BochumGermany
| | - Lars Borchardt
- Inorganic Chemistry IRuhr-University BochumUniversitätsstraße 15044801BochumGermany
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17
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Zhao J, Peng R. Gas–Solid Two-Phase Flow Synthesis Equipment: A New Method for Continuous, Large-Scale Preparation of Metal–Organic Frameworks with No Solvent. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c03259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Energy Materials, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
- Sichuan College of Architecture and Technolog, Deyang 618000, China
| | - Rufang Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Energy Materials, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
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18
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Ardila‐Fierro KJ, Lukin S, Etter M, Užarević K, Halasz I, Bolm C, Hernández JG. Direct Visualization of a Mechanochemically Induced Molecular Rearrangement. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201914921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Stipe Lukin
- Division of Physical Chemistry Ruđer Bošković Institute Bijenička 54 10000 Zagreb Croatia
| | - Martin Etter
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY) Notkestr. 85 22607 Hamburg Germany
| | - Krunoslav Užarević
- Division of Physical Chemistry Ruđer Bošković Institute Bijenička 54 10000 Zagreb Croatia
| | - Ivan Halasz
- Division of Physical Chemistry Ruđer Bošković Institute Bijenička 54 10000 Zagreb Croatia
| | - Carsten Bolm
- Institute of Organic Chemistry RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - José G. Hernández
- Institute of Organic Chemistry RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
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19
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Ardila‐Fierro KJ, Lukin S, Etter M, Užarević K, Halasz I, Bolm C, Hernández JG. Direct Visualization of a Mechanochemically Induced Molecular Rearrangement. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:13458-13462. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201914921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Stipe Lukin
- Division of Physical Chemistry Ruđer Bošković Institute Bijenička 54 10000 Zagreb Croatia
| | - Martin Etter
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY) Notkestr. 85 22607 Hamburg Germany
| | - Krunoslav Užarević
- Division of Physical Chemistry Ruđer Bošković Institute Bijenička 54 10000 Zagreb Croatia
| | - Ivan Halasz
- Division of Physical Chemistry Ruđer Bošković Institute Bijenička 54 10000 Zagreb Croatia
| | - Carsten Bolm
- Institute of Organic Chemistry RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - José G. Hernández
- Institute of Organic Chemistry RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
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20
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Vogt CG, Grätz S, Lukin S, Halasz I, Etter M, Evans JD, Borchardt L. Direct Mechanocatalysis: Palladium as Milling Media and Catalyst in the Mechanochemical Suzuki Polymerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:18942-18947. [PMID: 31593331 PMCID: PMC6972522 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201911356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The milling ball is the catalyst. We introduce a palladium-catalyzed reaction inside a ball mill, which makes catalyst powders, ligands, and solvents obsolete. We present a facile and highly sustainable synthesis concept for palladium-catalyzed C-C coupling reactions, exemplarily showcased for the Suzuki polymerization of 4-bromo or 4-iodophenylboronic acid giving poly(para-phenylene). Surprisingly, we observe one of the highest degrees of polymerization (199) reported so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian G. Vogt
- Inorganic Chemistry ITechnische Universität DresdenBergstrasse 6601062DresdenGermany
| | - Sven Grätz
- Inorganic Chemistry ITechnische Universität DresdenBergstrasse 6601062DresdenGermany
- Inorganic Chemistry IRuhr-Universität BochumUniversitätsstrasse 15044780BochumGermany
| | - Stipe Lukin
- Laboratory for Green SynthesisRuđer Bošković InstituteBijenicka 54HR-10000ZagrebCroatia
| | - Ivan Halasz
- Laboratory for Green SynthesisRuđer Bošković InstituteBijenicka 54HR-10000ZagrebCroatia
| | - Martin Etter
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY)22607HamburgGermany
| | - Jack D. Evans
- Inorganic Chemistry ITechnische Universität DresdenBergstrasse 6601062DresdenGermany
| | - Lars Borchardt
- Inorganic Chemistry ITechnische Universität DresdenBergstrasse 6601062DresdenGermany
- Inorganic Chemistry IRuhr-Universität BochumUniversitätsstrasse 15044780BochumGermany
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21
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Vogt CG, Grätz S, Lukin S, Halasz I, Etter M, Evans JD, Borchardt L. Direkte Mechanokatalyse: Palladium als Mahlmaterial und Katalysator in der mechanochemischen Suzuki‐Polymerisation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201911356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian G. Vogt
- Anorganische Chemie ITechnische Universität Dresden Bergstraße 66 01062 Dresden Deutschland
| | - Sven Grätz
- Anorganische Chemie ITechnische Universität Dresden Bergstraße 66 01062 Dresden Deutschland
- Anorganische Chemie IRuhr-Universität Bochum Universitätsstraße 150 44780 Bochum Deutschland
| | - Stipe Lukin
- Labor für Grüne SyntheseRuđer Bošković Institut Bijenicka 54 HR-10000 Zagreb Kroatien
| | - Ivan Halasz
- Labor für Grüne SyntheseRuđer Bošković Institut Bijenicka 54 HR-10000 Zagreb Kroatien
| | - Martin Etter
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY) 22607 Hamburg Deutschland
| | - Jack D. Evans
- Anorganische Chemie ITechnische Universität Dresden Bergstraße 66 01062 Dresden Deutschland
| | - Lars Borchardt
- Anorganische Chemie ITechnische Universität Dresden Bergstraße 66 01062 Dresden Deutschland
- Anorganische Chemie IRuhr-Universität Bochum Universitätsstraße 150 44780 Bochum Deutschland
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22
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Stroh J, Feiler T, Zafar Ali N, Minas da Piedade ME, Emmerling F. Mechanistic Insights into a Sustainable Mechanochemical Synthesis of Ettringite. ChemistryOpen 2019; 8:1012-1019. [PMID: 31367509 PMCID: PMC6652108 DOI: 10.1002/open.201900215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanochemistry offers an environmentally benign and facile synthesis method for a variety of cement paste constituents. In addition, these methods can be used to selectively tune the properties of cement components. The mineral ettringite is an important component of cementitious materials and has additional technological potential due to its ion exchange properties. Synthesis of ettringite via mechanochemistry is an environmentally friendly alternative to conventional wet-chemical synthesis established in industry. This contribution explores the mechanism of a two-step mechanochemical synthesis of ettringite, which was previously found to greatly improve the reaction conversion as compared with one-pot synthesis. The crystallinity of Al(OH)3 was found to decrease during the first stage of this mechanochemical synthesis. This was correlated to a significant decrease in the particle size of Al(OH)3 in this stage. No other significant changes were found for the other components, suggesting that mechanochemical activation of Al(OH)3 is responsible for the enhanced formation of ettringite by the two-step approach. The environmentally friendly approach developed for ettringite synthesis offers a versatile synthetic strategy, which can be applied to synthesise further cementitious materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Stroh
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM)Richard-Willstätter-Straße 1112489BerlinGermany
| | - Torvid Feiler
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM)Richard-Willstätter-Straße 1112489BerlinGermany
| | - Naveed Zafar Ali
- National Center for PhysicsQuaid-i-Azam University CampusIslamabadPakistan
| | - Manuel E. Minas da Piedade
- Centro de Química e Bioquímica e Centro de Química Estrutural, Faculdade de CiênciasUniversidade de Lisboa1749-016LisboaPortugal
| | - Franziska Emmerling
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM)Richard-Willstätter-Straße 1112489BerlinGermany
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23
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Zhao Y, Han X, Yu F, Wei D, Cheng Q, Meng X, Ding J, Hou H. Direct Conversion of Benzothiadiazole to Benzimidazole: New Benzimidazole‐Derived Metal–Organic Frameworks with Adjustable Honeycomb‐Like Cavities. Chemistry 2019; 25:5246-5250. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201805697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yingnan Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringZhengzhou University Henan 450001 P.R. China
| | - Xiao Han
- College of Chemical Engineering & MaterialHandan University Hebei 056005 P.R. China
| | - Feihu Yu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringZhengzhou University Henan 450001 P.R. China
| | - Donghui Wei
- College of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringZhengzhou University Henan 450001 P.R. China
| | - Qing Cheng
- College of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringZhengzhou University Henan 450001 P.R. China
| | - Xiangru Meng
- College of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringZhengzhou University Henan 450001 P.R. China
| | - Jie Ding
- College of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringZhengzhou University Henan 450001 P.R. China
| | - Hongwei Hou
- College of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringZhengzhou University Henan 450001 P.R. China
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24
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Bolm C, Hernández JG. Mechanochemistry of Gaseous Reactants. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:3285-3299. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201810902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Bolm
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; RWTH Aachen University; Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - José G. Hernández
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; RWTH Aachen University; Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
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25
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Bolm
- Institut für Organische Chemie; RWTH Aachen University; Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Deutschland
| | - José G. Hernández
- Institut für Organische Chemie; RWTH Aachen University; Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Deutschland
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26
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Wilke M, Casati N. Insight into the Mechanochemical Synthesis and Structural Evolution of Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Guanidinium Lead(II) Iodides. Chemistry 2018; 24:17701-17711. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201804066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Wilke
- Laboratory for Synchrotron Radiation-Condensed Matter; Paul Scherrer Institute; 5232 Villigen PSI Switzerland
| | - Nicola Casati
- Laboratory for Synchrotron Radiation-Condensed Matter; Paul Scherrer Institute; 5232 Villigen PSI Switzerland
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27
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Bjelopetrović A, Lukin S, Halasz I, Užarević K, Đilović I, Barišić D, Budimir A, Juribašić Kulcsár M, Ćurić M. Mechanism of Mechanochemical C−H Bond Activation in an Azobenzene Substrate by PdII
Catalysts. Chemistry 2018; 24:10672-10682. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201802403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alen Bjelopetrović
- Division of Physical Chemistry; Ruđer Bošković Institute; Bijenička 54 10000 Zagreb Croatia
| | - Stipe Lukin
- Division of Physical Chemistry; Ruđer Bošković Institute; Bijenička 54 10000 Zagreb Croatia
| | - Ivan Halasz
- Division of Physical Chemistry; Ruđer Bošković Institute; Bijenička 54 10000 Zagreb Croatia
| | - Krunoslav Užarević
- Division of Physical Chemistry; Ruđer Bošković Institute; Bijenička 54 10000 Zagreb Croatia
| | - Ivica Đilović
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Science; University of Zagreb; Horvatovac 102a 10000 Zagreb Croatia
| | - Dajana Barišić
- Division of Physical Chemistry; Ruđer Bošković Institute; Bijenička 54 10000 Zagreb Croatia
| | - Ana Budimir
- Division of General and Inorganic Chemistry; Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry; University of Zagreb, Ante Kovačića 1; 10000 Zagreb Croatia
| | | | - Manda Ćurić
- Division of Physical Chemistry; Ruđer Bošković Institute; Bijenička 54 10000 Zagreb Croatia
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28
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Kulla H, Haferkamp S, Akhmetova I, Röllig M, Maierhofer C, Rademann K, Emmerling F. In-situ-Untersuchungen mechanochemischer Eintopfreaktionen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201800147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hannes Kulla
- BAM Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung; Richard-Willstätter-Straße 11 12489 Berlin Deutschland
- Institut für Chemie; Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Brook-Taylor-Straße 2 12489 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Sebastian Haferkamp
- BAM Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung; Richard-Willstätter-Straße 11 12489 Berlin Deutschland
- Institut für Chemie; Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Brook-Taylor-Straße 2 12489 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Irina Akhmetova
- BAM Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung; Richard-Willstätter-Straße 11 12489 Berlin Deutschland
- Institut für Chemie; Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Brook-Taylor-Straße 2 12489 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Mathias Röllig
- BAM Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung; Richard-Willstätter-Straße 11 12489 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Christiane Maierhofer
- BAM Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung; Richard-Willstätter-Straße 11 12489 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Klaus Rademann
- BAM Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung; Richard-Willstätter-Straße 11 12489 Berlin Deutschland
- Institut für Chemie; Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Brook-Taylor-Straße 2 12489 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Franziska Emmerling
- BAM Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung; Richard-Willstätter-Straße 11 12489 Berlin Deutschland
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29
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Kulla H, Haferkamp S, Akhmetova I, Röllig M, Maierhofer C, Rademann K, Emmerling F. In Situ Investigations of Mechanochemical One-Pot Syntheses. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:5930-5933. [PMID: 29605971 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201800147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We present an in situ triple coupling of synchrotron X-ray diffraction with Raman spectroscopy, and thermography to study milling reactions in real time. This combination of methods allows a correlation of the structural evolution with temperature information. The temperature information is crucial for understanding both the thermodynamics and reaction kinetics. The reaction mechanisms of three prototypical mechanochemical syntheses, a cocrystal formation, a C-C bond formation (Knoevenagel condensation), and the formation of a manganese-phosphonate, were elucidated. Trends in the temperature development during milling are identified. The heat of reaction and latent heat of crystallization of the product contribute to the overall temperature increase. A decrease in temperature occurs via release of, for example, water as a by-product. Solid and liquid intermediates are detected. The influence of the mechanical impact could be separated from temperature effects caused by the reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannes Kulla
- BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Richard-Willstätter-Strasse 11, 12489, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Strasse 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Haferkamp
- BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Richard-Willstätter-Strasse 11, 12489, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Strasse 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Irina Akhmetova
- BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Richard-Willstätter-Strasse 11, 12489, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Strasse 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mathias Röllig
- BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Richard-Willstätter-Strasse 11, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christiane Maierhofer
- BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Richard-Willstätter-Strasse 11, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Klaus Rademann
- BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Richard-Willstätter-Strasse 11, 12489, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Strasse 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Franziska Emmerling
- BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Richard-Willstätter-Strasse 11, 12489, Berlin, Germany
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30
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Affiliation(s)
- Davin Tan
- Department of Chemistry; McGill University; 801 Sherbrooke St.W. H3A0B8 Montreal Canada
| | - Tomislav Friščić
- Department of Chemistry; McGill University; 801 Sherbrooke St.W. H3A0B8 Montreal Canada
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31
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Hernández JG. C−H Bond Functionalization by Mechanochemistry. Chemistry 2017; 23:17157-17165. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201703605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- José G. Hernández
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; RWTH Aachen University; Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
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32
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Biliškov N, Borgschulte A, Užarević K, Halasz I, Lukin S, Milošević S, Milanović I, Novaković JG. In-Situ and Real-time Monitoring of Mechanochemical Preparation of Li 2 Mg(NH 2 BH 3 ) 4 and Na 2 Mg(NH 2 BH 3 ) 4 and Their Thermal Dehydrogenation. Chemistry 2017; 23:16274-16282. [PMID: 28902966 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201702665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
For the first time, in situ monitoring of uninterrupted mechanochemical synthesis of two bimetallic amidoboranes, M2 Mg(NH2 BH3 )4 (M=Li, Na), by means of Raman spectroscopy, has been applied. This approach allowed real-time observation of key intermediate phases, and a straightforward follow-up of the reaction course. Detailed analysis of time-dependent spectra revealed a two-step mechanism through MNH2 BH3 ⋅NH3 BH3 adducts as key intermediate phases which further reacted with MgH2 , giving M2 Mg(NH2 BH3 )4 as final products. The intermediates partially take a competitive pathway toward the oligomeric M(BH3 NH2 BH2 NH2 BH3 ) phases. The crystal structure of the novel bimetallic amidoborane Li2 Mg(NH2 BH3 )4 was solved from high-resolution powder diffraction data and showed an analogous metal coordination to Na2 Mg(NH2 BH3 )4 , but a significantly different crystal packing. Li2 Mg(NH2 BH3 )4 thermally dehydrogenates releasing highly pure H2 in the amount of 7 wt.%, and at a lower temperature then its sodium analogue, making it significantly more viable for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikola Biliškov
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička c. 54, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Andreas Borgschulte
- Swiss Federal Institute for Materials Science and Technology (EMPA), Überlandstrasse 129, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | | | - Ivan Halasz
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička c. 54, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Stipe Lukin
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička c. 54, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sanja Milošević
- University of Belgrade, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Laboratory for Material Sciences, PO Box 522, 11001, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Igor Milanović
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička c. 54, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.,University of Belgrade, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Laboratory for Material Sciences, PO Box 522, 11001, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jasmina Grbović Novaković
- University of Belgrade, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Laboratory for Material Sciences, PO Box 522, 11001, Belgrade, Serbia
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33
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Lukin S, Stolar T, Tireli M, Blanco MV, Babić D, Friščić T, Užarević K, Halasz I. Tandem In Situ Monitoring for Quantitative Assessment of Mechanochemical Reactions Involving Structurally Unknown Phases. Chemistry 2017. [PMID: 28639258 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201702489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We report herein quantitative in situ monitoring by simultaneous PXRD and Raman spectroscopy of the mechanochemical reaction between benzoic acid and nicotinamide, affording a rich polymorphic system with four new cocrystal polymorphs, multiple phase transformations, and a variety of reaction pathways. After observing polymorphs by in situ monitoring, we were able to isolate and characterize three of the four polymorphs, most of which are not accessible from solution. Relative stabilities among the isolated polymorphs at ambient conditions were established by slurry experiments. Using two complementary methods for in situ monitoring enabled quantitative assessment and kinetic analysis of each studied mechanochemical reaction, even when involving unknown crystal structures, and short-lived intermediates. In situ Raman monitoring was introduced here also as a standalone laboratory technique for quantitative assessment of mechanochemical reactions and understanding of mechanochemical reactivity. Our results provide an important step toward a complete and high-throughput quantitative approach to mechanochemical reaction kinetics and mechanisms, necessary for the development of the mechanistic framework of milling reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stipe Lukin
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tomislav Stolar
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Martina Tireli
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Darko Babić
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tomislav Friščić
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.,Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Ivan Halasz
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
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34
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Eckert R, Felderhoff M, Schüth F. Preferential Carbon Monoxide Oxidation over Copper-Based Catalysts under In Situ Ball Milling. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201610501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rene Eckert
- Department of Heterogeneous Catalysis; Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung; Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Michael Felderhoff
- Department of Heterogeneous Catalysis; Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung; Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Ferdi Schüth
- Department of Heterogeneous Catalysis; Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung; Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
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35
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Eckert R, Felderhoff M, Schüth F. Preferential Carbon Monoxide Oxidation over Copper-Based Catalysts under In Situ Ball Milling. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:2445-2448. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201610501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rene Eckert
- Department of Heterogeneous Catalysis; Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung; Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Michael Felderhoff
- Department of Heterogeneous Catalysis; Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung; Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Ferdi Schüth
- Department of Heterogeneous Catalysis; Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung; Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
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36
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Zhong DC, Wen YQ, Deng JH, Luo XZ, Gong YN, Lu TB. Uncovering the Role of Metal Catalysis in Tetrazole Formation by an In Situ Cycloaddition Reaction: An Experimental Approach. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201505118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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37
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Fischer F, Joester M, Rademann K, Emmerling F. Survival of the Fittest: Competitive Co-crystal Reactions in the Ball Mill. Chemistry 2015; 21:14969-74. [PMID: 26332316 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201500925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2015] [Revised: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The driving forces triggering the formation of co-crystals under milling conditions were investigated by using a set of multicomponent competitive milling reactions. In these reactions, different active pharmaceutical ingredients were ground together with a further compound acting as coformer. The study was based on new co-crystals including the coformer anthranilic acid. The results of the competitive milling reactions indicate that the formation of co-crystals driven by intermolecular recognition are influenced and inhibited by kinetic aspects including the formation of intermediates and the stability of the reactants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Fischer
- BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, R.-Willstätter-Strasse 11, 12489 Berlin (Germany).,Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, B.-Taylor-Strasse 2, 12489 Berlin (Germany)
| | - Maike Joester
- BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, R.-Willstätter-Strasse 11, 12489 Berlin (Germany).,Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, B.-Taylor-Strasse 2, 12489 Berlin (Germany)
| | - Klaus Rademann
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, B.-Taylor-Strasse 2, 12489 Berlin (Germany)
| | - Franziska Emmerling
- BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, R.-Willstätter-Strasse 11, 12489 Berlin (Germany).
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38
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Zhong D, Wen Y, Deng J, Luo X, Gong Y, Lu T. Uncovering the Role of Metal Catalysis in Tetrazole Formation by an In Situ Cycloaddition Reaction: An Experimental Approach. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:11795-9. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201505118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Revised: 07/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Di‐Chang Zhong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000 (P.R. China)
| | - Ya‐Qiong Wen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000 (P.R. China)
| | - Ji‐Hua Deng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000 (P.R. China)
| | - Xu‐Zhong Luo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000 (P.R. China)
| | - Yun‐Nan Gong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000 (P.R. China)
| | - Tong‐Bu Lu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat‐Sen University, Guangzhou 510275 (P.R. China)
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Štrukil V, Gracin D, Magdysyuk OV, Dinnebier RE, Friščić T. Trapping Reactive Intermediates by Mechanochemistry: Elusive ArylN-Thiocarbamoylbenzotriazoles as Bench-Stable Reagents. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:8440-3. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201502026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Štrukil V, Gracin D, Magdysyuk OV, Dinnebier RE, Friščić T. Trapping Reactive Intermediates by Mechanochemistry: Elusive ArylN-Thiocarbamoylbenzotriazoles as Bench-Stable Reagents. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201502026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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