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Sietmann J, Tenberge M, Wahl JM. Wacker Oxidation of Methylenecyclobutanes: Scope and Selectivity in an Unusual Setting. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202215381. [PMID: 36416612 PMCID: PMC10108300 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202215381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Methylenecyclobutanes are found to undergo Wacker oxidation via a semi-pinacol-type rearrangement. Key to a successful process is the use of tert-butyl nitrite as oxidant, which not only enables efficient catalyst turn-over but also ensures high Markovnikov-selectivity under mild conditions. Thus, cyclopentanones (26 examples) can be accessed in an overall good yield and excellent selectivity (up to 97 % yield, generally >99 : 1 ketone:aldehyde ratio). Stereochemical analysis of the reaction sequence reveals migration aptitudes in line with related 1,2-shifts. By introducing a pyox ligand to palladium, prochiral methylenecyclobutanes can be desymmetrized, thus realizing the first enantioselective Wacker oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Sietmann
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutWestfälische Wilhelms-UniversitätCorrensstraße 3648149MünsterGermany
| | - Marius Tenberge
- Department ChemieJohannes Gutenberg-UniversitätDuesbergweg 10–1455128MainzGermany
| | - Johannes M. Wahl
- Department ChemieJohannes Gutenberg-UniversitätDuesbergweg 10–1455128MainzGermany
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2
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Shishilov ON, Shamsiev RS, Akhmadullina NS, Flid VR. Palladium Nitrosyl Complexes as Highly Versatile Catalysts for C−H/C−H Oxidative Coupling of Arenes: Application Area and Insight into Mechanism. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202004191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oleg N. Shishilov
- Physical Chemistry Department MIREA-Russian Technological University, M.V. Lomonosov Institute of Fine Chemical Technologies 119571 Moscow Vernadskogo av. 86 Russia
| | - Ravshan S. Shamsiev
- Physical Chemistry Department MIREA-Russian Technological University, M.V. Lomonosov Institute of Fine Chemical Technologies 119571 Moscow Vernadskogo av. 86 Russia
| | - Nailya S. Akhmadullina
- Laboratory of Physical and Chemical Analysis of Ceramic Materials A.A. Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Material Science of Russian Academy of Sciences 119991 Moscow Leninsky av. 49 Russia
| | - Vitaly R. Flid
- Physical Chemistry Department MIREA-Russian Technological University, M.V. Lomonosov Institute of Fine Chemical Technologies 119571 Moscow Vernadskogo av. 86 Russia
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3
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Xie M, Lyu Z, Chen R, Xia Y. A Mechanistic Study of the Multiple Roles of Oleic Acid in the Oil-Phase Synthesis of Pt Nanocrystals. Chemistry 2020; 26:15636-15642. [PMID: 32820552 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Oleic acid (OAc) is commonly used as a surfactant and/or solvent for the oil-phase synthesis of metal nanocrystals but its explicit roles are yet to be resolved. Here, we report a systematic study of this problem by focusing on a synthesis that simply involves heating of Pt(acac)2 in OAc for the generation of Pt nanocrystals. When heated at 80 °C, the ligand exchange between Pt(acac)2 and OAc leads to the formation of a PtII -oleate complex that serves as the actual precursor to Pt atoms. Upon increasing the temperature to 120 °C, the decarbonylation of OAc produces CO, which can act as a reducing agent for the generation of Pt atoms and thus formation of nuclei. Afterwards, several catalytic reactions can take place on the surface of the Pt nuclei to produce more CO, which also serves as a capping agent for the formation of Pt nanocrystals enclosed by {100} facets. The emergence of Pt nanocrystals further promotes the autocatalytic surface reduction of PtII precursor to enable the continuation of growth. This work not only elucidates the critical roles of OAc at different stages in a synthesis of Pt nanocrystals, but also represents a pivotal step forward toward the rational synthesis of metal nanocrystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghao Xie
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, 30332, USA
| | - Zhiheng Lyu
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, 30332, USA
| | - Ruhui Chen
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, 30332, USA
| | - Younan Xia
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, 30332, USA.,The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, 30332, USA
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4
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Shishilov O, Shamsiev R, Akhmadullina N, Flid V. Palladium Nitrosyl Carboxylate Complexes as Catalysts for C−H/C−H Oxidative Coupling of Arenes: An Experimental and DFT Study. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201904452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Oleg Shishilov
- Physical Chemistry department M.V. Lomonosov Institute of Fine Chemical Technologies of MIREA-Russian Technological University Russia Moscow 119571 Vernadsky Avenue 86
| | - Ravshan Shamsiev
- Physical Chemistry department M.V. Lomonosov Institute of Fine Chemical Technologies of MIREA-Russian Technological University Russia Moscow 119571 Vernadsky Avenue 86
| | - Nailya Akhmadullina
- Laboratory of physical and chemical analysis of ceramic materialsA.A. Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Material Science of Russian Academy of Sciences Russia Moscow 119991 Leninsky Avenue 49
| | - Vitaly Flid
- Physical Chemistry department M.V. Lomonosov Institute of Fine Chemical Technologies of MIREA-Russian Technological University Russia Moscow 119571 Vernadsky Avenue 86
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5
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Szpera R, Moseley DFJ, Smith LB, Sterling AJ, Gouverneur V. Fluorierung von C‐H‐Bindungen: Entwicklungen und Perspektiven. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201814457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Szpera
- Chemistry Research Laboratory Oxford University 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA Großbritannien
| | - Daniel F. J. Moseley
- Chemistry Research Laboratory Oxford University 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA Großbritannien
| | - Lewis B. Smith
- Chemistry Research Laboratory Oxford University 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA Großbritannien
| | - Alistair J. Sterling
- Chemistry Research Laboratory Oxford University 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA Großbritannien
| | - Véronique Gouverneur
- Chemistry Research Laboratory Oxford University 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA Großbritannien
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6
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Szpera R, Moseley DFJ, Smith LB, Sterling AJ, Gouverneur V. The Fluorination of C-H Bonds: Developments and Perspectives. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:14824-14848. [PMID: 30759327 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201814457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This Review summarizes advances in fluorination by C(sp2 )-H and C(sp3 )-H activation. Transition-metal-catalyzed approaches championed by palladium have allowed the installation of a fluorine substituent at C(sp2 ) and C(sp3 ) sites, exploiting the reactivity of high-oxidation-state transition-metal fluoride complexes combined with the use of directing groups (some transient) to control site and stereoselectivity. The large majority of known methods employ electrophilic fluorination reagents, but methods combining a nucleophilic fluoride source with an oxidant have appeared. External ligands have proven to be effective for C(sp3 )-H fluorination directed by weakly coordinating auxiliaries, thereby enabling control over reactivity. Methods relying on the formation of radical intermediates are complementary to transition-metal-catalyzed processes as they allow for undirected C(sp3 )-H fluorination. To date, radical C-H fluorinations mainly employ electrophilic N-F fluorination reagents but a unique MnIII -catalyzed oxidative C-H fluorination using fluoride has been developed. Overall, the field of late-stage nucleophilic C-H fluorination has progressed much more slowly, a state of play explaining why C-H 18 F-fluorination is still in its infancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Szpera
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Oxford University, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Daniel F J Moseley
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Oxford University, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Lewis B Smith
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Oxford University, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Alistair J Sterling
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Oxford University, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Véronique Gouverneur
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Oxford University, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
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7
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Mao YJ, Lou SJ, Hao HY, Xu DQ. Selective C(sp 3 )-H and C(sp 2 )-H Fluorination of Alcohols Using Practical Auxiliaries. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:14085-14089. [PMID: 30161283 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201808021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Selective introduction of fluorine into molecules by the cleavage of inert C-H bonds is of central academic and synthetic interest, yet remains challenging. Given the central role of alcohols in organic chemistry as the most ubiquitous building blocks, a versatile and selective C(sp3 )-H and C(sp2 )-H fluorination of simple alcohols, enabled by novel designed exo-directing groups, is described. C(sp2 )-H bond fluorination was achieved by using a simple acetone oxime as auxiliary, whereas a new, modular and easily accessible bidentate auxiliary was developed for the efficient and site-selective fluorination of various primary methyl, methylene, and benzylic C(sp3 )-H bonds. Fluorinated alcohols can readily be accessed by the removal of auxiliaries, and significantly expands the synthetic prospect of the present procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Jie Mao
- College of Chemical Engineering Zhejiang University of Technology, Catalytic Hydrogenation Research Center, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shao-Jie Lou
- College of Chemical Engineering Zhejiang University of Technology, Catalytic Hydrogenation Research Center, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hong-Yan Hao
- College of Chemical Engineering Zhejiang University of Technology, Catalytic Hydrogenation Research Center, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dan-Qian Xu
- College of Chemical Engineering Zhejiang University of Technology, Catalytic Hydrogenation Research Center, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, China
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8
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Mao YJ, Lou SJ, Hao HY, Xu DQ. Selective C(sp3
)−H and C(sp2
)−H Fluorination of Alcohols Using Practical Auxiliaries. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201808021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Jie Mao
- College of Chemical Engineering Zhejiang University of Technology, Catalytic Hydrogenation Research Center; State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology; 18 Chaowang Road Hangzhou China
| | - Shao-Jie Lou
- College of Chemical Engineering Zhejiang University of Technology, Catalytic Hydrogenation Research Center; State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology; 18 Chaowang Road Hangzhou China
| | - Hong-Yan Hao
- College of Chemical Engineering Zhejiang University of Technology, Catalytic Hydrogenation Research Center; State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology; 18 Chaowang Road Hangzhou China
| | - Dan-Qian Xu
- College of Chemical Engineering Zhejiang University of Technology, Catalytic Hydrogenation Research Center; State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology; 18 Chaowang Road Hangzhou China
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9
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Gensch T, James MJ, Dalton T, Glorius F. Increasing Catalyst Efficiency in C−H Activation Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:2296-2306. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201710377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Gensch
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster; Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Michael J. James
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster; Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Toryn Dalton
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster; Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Frank Glorius
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster; Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Germany
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10
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Gensch T, James MJ, Dalton T, Glorius F. Steigerung der Katalysatoreffizienz in der C-H-Aktivierungskatalyse. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201710377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Gensch
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster; Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Michael J. James
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster; Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Toryn Dalton
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster; Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Frank Glorius
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster; Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Deutschland
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11
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Hughes NL, Brown CL, Irwin AA, Cao Q, Muldoon MJ. Palladium(II)-Catalysed Aminocarbonylation of Terminal Alkynes for the Synthesis of 2-Ynamides: Addressing the Challenges of Solvents and Gas Mixtures. CHEMSUSCHEM 2017; 10:675-680. [PMID: 27906507 PMCID: PMC5347853 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201601601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
2-Ynamides can be synthesised through PdII catalysed oxidative carbonylation, utilising low catalyst loadings. A variety of alkynes and amines can be used to afford 2-ynamides in high yields, whilst overcoming the drawbacks associated with previous oxidative methods, which rely on dangerous solvents and gas mixtures. The use of [NBu4 ]I allows the utilisation of the industrially recommended solvent ethyl acetate. O2 can be used as the terminal oxidant, and the catalyst can operate under safer conditions with low O2 concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Louise Hughes
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringQueen's University of BelfastStranmillis RoadBelfast, David Keir BuildingBT9 5AGNorthern Ireland
| | - Clare L. Brown
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringQueen's University of BelfastStranmillis RoadBelfast, David Keir BuildingBT9 5AGNorthern Ireland
| | - Andrew A. Irwin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringQueen's University of BelfastStranmillis RoadBelfast, David Keir BuildingBT9 5AGNorthern Ireland
| | - Qun Cao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringQueen's University of BelfastStranmillis RoadBelfast, David Keir BuildingBT9 5AGNorthern Ireland
| | - Mark J. Muldoon
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringQueen's University of BelfastStranmillis RoadBelfast, David Keir BuildingBT9 5AGNorthern Ireland
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12
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Auszeichnungen der Royal Society of Chemistry 2016. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201605977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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13
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Royal Society of Chemistry Prizes and Awards 2016. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:10181-2. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201605977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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14
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Chu CK, Ziegler DT, Carr B, Wickens ZK, Grubbs RH. Direct Access to β-Fluorinated Aldehydes by Nitrite-Modified Wacker Oxidation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201603424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Crystal K. Chu
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena CA 91125 USA
| | - Daniel T. Ziegler
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena CA 91125 USA
| | - Brian Carr
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena CA 91125 USA
| | - Zachary K. Wickens
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena CA 91125 USA
| | - Robert H. Grubbs
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena CA 91125 USA
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Chu CK, Ziegler DT, Carr B, Wickens ZK, Grubbs RH. Direct Access to β-Fluorinated Aldehydes by Nitrite-Modified Wacker Oxidation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:8435-9. [PMID: 27225538 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201603424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Revised: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
An aldehyde-selective Wacker-type oxidation of allylic fluorides proceeds with a nitrite catalyst. The method represents a direct route to prepare β-fluorinated aldehydes. Allylic fluorides bearing a variety of functional groups are transformed in high yield and very high regioselectivity. Additionally, the unpurified aldehyde products serve as versatile intermediates, thus enabling access to a diverse array of fluorinated building blocks. Preliminary mechanistic investigations suggest that inductive effects have a strong influence on the rate and regioselectivity of the oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal K Chu
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Daniel T Ziegler
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Brian Carr
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Zachary K Wickens
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Robert H Grubbs
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA.
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16
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Carole WA, Colacot TJ. Understanding Palladium Acetate from a User Perspective. Chemistry 2016; 22:7686-95. [PMID: 27125630 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201601450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- William A. Carole
- Catalysis and Chiral Technologies; Johnson Matthey; 2001 Nolte Drive West Deptford NJ 08066 USA
| | - Thomas J. Colacot
- Catalysis and Chiral Technologies; Johnson Matthey; 2001 Nolte Drive West Deptford NJ 08066 USA
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