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Xu GT, Chang XY, Low KH, Wu LL, Wan Q, Shu HX, To WP, Huang JS, Che CM. Self-Assembly of Molecular Trefoil Knots Featuring Pentadecanuclear Homoleptic Au I -, Au I /Ag I -, or Au I /Cu I -Alkynyl Coordination. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202200748. [PMID: 35183066 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202200748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Metal-free and metal-containing molecular trefoil knots are fascinating ensembles that are usually covalently assembled, the latter requiring the rational design of di- or multidentate/multipodal ligands as connectors. In this work, we describe the self-assembly of pentadecanuclear AuI trefoil knots [Au15 (C≡CR)15 ] from monoalkynes HC≡CR (R=9,9-X2 -fluorenyl with X=nBu, n-hexyl) and [AuI (THT)Cl]. Hetero-bimetallic counterparts [Au9 M6 (C≡CR)15 ] (M=Cu/Ag) were self-assembled by reactions of [Au15 (C≡CR)15 ] with [Cu(MeCN)4 ]+ /AgNO3 and HC≡CR. The type of pentadecanuclear trefoil knots described herein is characterized by X-ray crystallography, 2D NMR and HR-ESI-MS. [Au9 Cu6 (C≡CR)15 ] is relatively stable in hexane; its excited state properties were investigated. DFT calculations revealed that non-covalent metal-metal and metal-ligand interactions, together with longer alkyl chain-strengthened inter-ligand dispersion interactions, govern the stability of the trefoil knot structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Tao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials, and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xiao-Yong Chang
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kam-Hung Low
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials, and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Liang-Liang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials, and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Qingyun Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials, and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hui-Xing Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials, and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wai-Pong To
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials, and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jie-Sheng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials, and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chi-Ming Che
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials, and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
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2
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Xu GT, Chang XY, Low KH, Wu LL, Wan Q, Shu HX, To WP, Huang JS, Che CM. Self‐Assembly of Molecular Trefoil Knots Featuring Pentadecanuclear Homoleptic AuI‐, AuI/AgI‐, or AuI/CuI‐Alkynyl Coordination. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202200748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiao-Yong Chang
- Southern University of Science and Technology Chemistry CHINA
| | | | | | - Qingyun Wan
- The University of Hong Kong Chemistry HONG KONG
| | | | - Wai-Pong To
- The University of Hong Kong Chemistry HONG KONG
| | | | - Chi-Ming Che
- The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road - Hong Kong HONG KONG
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3
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Herschberg T, Carrillo JMY, Sumpter BG, Panagiotou E, Kumar R. Topological Effects Near Order–Disorder Transitions in Symmetric Diblock Copolymer Melts. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tom Herschberg
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, Chattanooga, Tennessee 37403, United States
| | - Jan-Michael Y. Carrillo
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Bobby G. Sumpter
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Eleni Panagiotou
- Department of Mathematics, University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, Chattanooga, Tennessee 37403, United States
| | - Rajeev Kumar
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
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Caprice K, Aster A, Cougnon FBL, Kumpulainen T. Untying the Photophysics of Quinolinium-Based Molecular Knots and Links. Chemistry 2020; 26:1576-1587. [PMID: 31670851 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201904456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Complex molecular knots and links are still difficult to synthesize and the properties arising from their topology are mostly unknown. Here, we report on a comparative photophysical study carried out on a family of closely related quinolinium-based knots and links to determine the impact exerted by topology on the molecular backbone. Our results indicate that topology has a negligible influence on the behavior of loosely braided molecules, which mostly behave like their unbraided equivalents. On the other hand, tightly braided molecules display distinct features. Their higher packing density results in a pronounced ability to resist deformation, a significant reduction in the solvent-accessible surface area and favors close-range π-π interactions between the quinolinium units and neighboring aromatics. Finally, the sharp alteration in behavior between loosely and tightly braided molecules sheds light on the factors contributing to braiding tightness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Caprice
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest Ansermet, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Aster
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest Ansermet, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Fabien B L Cougnon
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest Ansermet, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Tatu Kumpulainen
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest Ansermet, Geneva, Switzerland
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Guo BB, Lin YJ, Jin GX. Design of and Stability Studies on Trefoil Knots Featuring RhCp* Building Blocks. Chemistry 2019; 25:9721-9727. [PMID: 31033058 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201901728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Four flexible ligands with different lengths, degrees of flexibility, and steric bulk were synthesized and used to prepare metal-directed assemblies. Interestingly, minor differences among the ligands led to products with dramatically different topologies: a binuclear D-shaped macrocycle, tetranuclear rectangles, and hexanuclear trefoil knots. The interconversion of the trefoil-shaped complexes was also investigated. This contribution introduces a rare ligand-controlled trefoil-rectangle shape transformation in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei-Bei Guo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Yue-Jian Lin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Guo-Xin Jin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
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Liu D, Chen M, Li Y, Shen Y, Huang J, Yang X, Jiang Z, Li X, Newkome GR, Wang P. Vertical Assembly of Giant Double- and Triple-Decker Spoked Wheel Supramolecular Structures. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:14116-14120. [PMID: 30209882 PMCID: PMC6345588 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201809819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The double- or triple-decker 3D metallo-hexagons were obtained by self-assembly of multitopic tris-terpyridines with Cd2+ ions in near-quantitative yield. Comprising up to 72 ionic pairs, the multiple spoked wheels display characteristic reversible gelation properties under thermodynamic conditions. The supramolecular metallo-nanoarchitectures were characterized by 1 H NMR, 2D NMR (COSY and NOESY), and diffusion-ordered spectroscopy (DOSY) and HR-ESI-MS, traveling-wave ion mobility mass spectrometry (TWIM-MS), TEM, and AFM. For the first time, the self-assembly of 45 units at once was demonstrated to yield exceptional giant triple-decker hexagons of up to circa 42 000 Da.
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Affiliation(s)
- Die Liu
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation, of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Mingzhao Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Yiming Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33640, USA
| | - Yixian Shen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Jian Huang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Xiaoyu Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Zhilong Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation, of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Xiaopeng Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33640, USA
| | - George R Newkome
- Departments of Polymer Science and Chemistry, University of Akron, Akron, OH, 44325-4717, USA
- Center for Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Florida Atlantic University, 5353 Parkside Dr., Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - Pingshan Wang
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation, of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
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7
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Liu D, Chen M, Li Y, Shen Y, Huang J, Yang X, Jiang Z, Li X, Newkome GR, Wang P. Vertical Assembly of Giant Double- and Triple-Decker Spoked Wheel Supramolecular Structures. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201809819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Die Liu
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation, of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education; Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay; Guangzhou University; Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Mingzhao Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Central South University; Changsha 410083 China
| | - Yiming Li
- Department of Chemistry; University of South Florida; Tampa FL 33640 USA
| | - Yixian Shen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Central South University; Changsha 410083 China
| | - Jian Huang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Central South University; Changsha 410083 China
| | - Xiaoyu Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Central South University; Changsha 410083 China
| | - Zhilong Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation, of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education; Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay; Guangzhou University; Guangzhou 510006 China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Central South University; Changsha 410083 China
| | - Xiaopeng Li
- Department of Chemistry; University of South Florida; Tampa FL 33640 USA
| | - George R. Newkome
- Departments of Polymer Science and Chemistry; University of Akron; Akron OH 44325-4717 USA
- Center for Molecular Biology and Biotechnology; Florida Atlantic University; 5353 Parkside Dr. Jupiter FL 33458 USA
| | - Pingshan Wang
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation, of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education; Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay; Guangzhou University; Guangzhou 510006 China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Central South University; Changsha 410083 China
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Abstract
The first synthetic molecular trefoil knot was prepared in the late 1980s. However, it is only in the last few years that more complex small-molecule knot topologies have been realized through chemical synthesis. The steric restrictions imposed on molecular strands by knotting can impart significant physical and chemical properties, including chirality, strong and selective ion binding, and catalytic activity. As the number and complexity of accessible molecular knot topologies increases, it will become increasingly useful for chemists to adopt the knot terminology employed by other disciplines. Here we give an overview of synthetic strategies towards molecular knots and outline the principles of knot, braid, and tangle theory appropriate to chemistry and molecular structure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David A. Leigh
- School of ChemistryUniversity of ManchesterOxford RoadManchesterM13 9PLUK
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen D. P. Fielden
- School of Chemistry; University of Manchester; Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL Großbritannien
| | - David A. Leigh
- School of Chemistry; University of Manchester; Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL Großbritannien
| | - Steffen L. Woltering
- School of Chemistry; University of Manchester; Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL Großbritannien
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10
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Sharma S, Thorat SH, Gonnade RG, Jasinski JP, Butcher R, Haridas V. Engineering Molecular Topology: A Pseudopeptidic Macrocyclic Figure-Eight Motif. European J Org Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201601365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sakshi Sharma
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Delhi (IITD); Hauz Khas 110016 New Delhi India
| | - Shridhar H. Thorat
- Center for Materials Characterization; CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory; 411008 Pune India
| | - Rajesh G. Gonnade
- Center for Materials Characterization; CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory; 411008 Pune India
| | - Jerry P Jasinski
- Department of Chemistry; Keene State College; 229 Main Street 03435 Keene New Hampshire USA
| | - Ray Butcher
- Department of Chemistry; Howard University; 525 College Street NW 20059 Washington DC USA
| | - V. Haridas
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Delhi (IITD); Hauz Khas 110016 New Delhi India
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