Enantioselektive intramolekulare Hydroacylierung von nichtaktivierten Alkenen: robuste und vielseitige NHC-katalysierte Bildung von cyclischen chiralen Ketonen

Remote C(sp3 )-H Acylation of Amides and Cascade Cyclization via N-Heterocyclic Carbene Organocatalysis

The direct functionalization of inert C(sp³ )-H bonds under environmentally benign catalytic conditions remains a challenging task in synthetic chemistry. Here, we report an organocatalytic remote C(sp³ )-H acylation of amides and cascade cyclization through a radical-mediated 1,5-hydrogen atom transfer mechanism using N-heterocyclic carbene as the catalyst. Notably, a diversity of nitrogen-containing substrates, including simple linear aliphatic carbamates and ortho-alkyl benzamides, can be successfully applied to this organocatalytic system. With the established protocol, over 120 examples of functionalized δ-amino ketones and isoquinolinones with diverse substituents were easily synthesized in up to 99 % yield under mild conditions. The robustness and generality of the organocatalytic strategy were further highlighted by the successful acylation of unactivated C(sp³ )-H bonds and late-stage modification of pharmaceutical molecules. Then, the asymmetric control of the radical reaction was attempted and proven feasible by using a newly designed chiral thiazolium catalyst, and moderate enantioselectivity was obtained at the current stage. Preliminary mechanistic investigations including several control reactions, KIE experiments, and computational studies shed light on the organocatalytic radical reaction mechanism.

Organocatalytic Strategies for the Synthesis of Cyclopenta-Fused Arenes and Heteroarenes

Cyclopentanoids are omnipresent in natural products and pharmaceutically relevant compounds. Among them, cyclopenta-fused arenes and heteroarenes possess impressive biological properties and play significant role in materials science. Consequently, several notable methods have been developed for their synthesis over the years. In this review, we mainly described metal-free and organocatalytic approaches that led to the construction of pentannulated arenes and heteroarenes.

Iridium(I)-Catalyzed Intramolecular Hydrocarbonation of Alkenes: Efficient Access to Cyclic Systems Bearing Quaternary Stereocenters

A catalytic, versatile and atom-economical C-H functionalization process that provides a wide variety of cyclic systems featuring methyl-substituted quaternary stereocenters is described. The method relies on the use of a cationic Ir^I -bisphosphine catalyst, which promotes a carboxamide-assisted activation of an olefinic C(sp² )-H bond followed by exo-cyclization to a tethered 1,1-disubstituted alkene. The extension of the method to aromatic and heteroaromatic C-H bonds, as well as developments on an enantioselective variant, are also described.

Diastereoselective Radical Hydroacylation of Alkylidenemalonates with Aliphatic Aldehydes Initiated by Photolysis of Hypervalent Iodine(III) Reagents

Diastereoselective radical hydroacylation of chiral alkylidenemalonates with aliphatic aldehydes is realized by the combination of a hypervalent iodine(III) reagent and UV-light irradiation. The reaction is initiated by the photolysis of hypervalent iodine(III) reagents under mild, metal-free conditions, and is the first example of diastereoselective addition of acyl radicals to olefins to afford chiral ketones in a highly stereoselective fashion. The obtained optically active ketones are useful chiral synthons, as exemplified by the short formal synthesis of (-)-methyleneolactocin.