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Lan HR, Chen M, Yao SY, Chen JX, Jin KT. Bispecific antibodies revolutionizing breast cancer treatment: a comprehensive overview. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1266450. [PMID: 38111570 PMCID: PMC10725925 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1266450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BCa) is known as a complex and prevalent disease requiring the development of novel anticancer therapeutic approaches. Bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) have emerged as a favorable strategy for BCa treatment due to their unique ability to target two different antigens simultaneously. By targeting tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) on cancer cells, engaging immune effector cells, or blocking critical signaling pathways, BsAbs offer enhanced tumor specificity and immune system involvement, improving anti-cancer activity. Preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated the potential of BsAbs in BCa. For example, BsAbs targeting human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) have shown the ability to redirect immune cells to HER2-positive BCa cells, resulting in effective tumor cell killing. Moreover, targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway by BsAbs has demonstrated promising outcomes in overcoming immunosuppression and enhancing immune-mediated tumor clearance. Combining BsAbs with existing therapeutic approaches, such as chemotherapy, targeted therapies, or immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), has also revealed synergistic effects in preclinical models and early clinical trials, emphasizing the usefulness and potential of BsAbs in BCa treatment. This review summarizes the latest evidence about BsAbs in treating BCa and the challenges and opportunities of their use in BCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan-Rong Lan
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shi-Ya Yao
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jun-Xia Chen
- Department of Gynecology, Shaoxing People’s Hospital, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ke-Tao Jin
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China
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Lateef OM, Akintubosun MO, Olaoba OT, Samson SO, Adamczyk M. Making Sense of "Nonsense" and More: Challenges and Opportunities in the Genetic Code Expansion, in the World of tRNA Modifications. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:938. [PMID: 35055121 PMCID: PMC8779196 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The evolutional development of the RNA translation process that leads to protein synthesis based on naturally occurring amino acids has its continuation via synthetic biology, the so-called rational bioengineering. Genetic code expansion (GCE) explores beyond the natural translational processes to further enhance the structural properties and augment the functionality of a wide range of proteins. Prokaryotic and eukaryotic ribosomal machinery have been proven to accept engineered tRNAs from orthogonal organisms to efficiently incorporate noncanonical amino acids (ncAAs) with rationally designed side chains. These side chains can be reactive or functional groups, which can be extensively utilized in biochemical, biophysical, and cellular studies. Genetic code extension offers the contingency of introducing more than one ncAA into protein through frameshift suppression, multi-site-specific incorporation of ncAAs, thereby increasing the vast number of possible applications. However, different mediating factors reduce the yield and efficiency of ncAA incorporation into synthetic proteins. In this review, we comment on the recent advancements in genetic code expansion to signify the relevance of systems biology in improving ncAA incorporation efficiency. We discuss the emerging impact of tRNA modifications and metabolism in protein design. We also provide examples of the latest successful accomplishments in synthetic protein therapeutics and show how codon expansion has been employed in various scientific and biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olubodun Michael Lateef
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland; (O.M.L.); (M.O.A.); (S.O.S.)
| | | | - Olamide Tosin Olaoba
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biochemistry, Federal University of Sao Carlos, Sao Carlos 13565-905, SP, Brazil;
| | - Sunday Ocholi Samson
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland; (O.M.L.); (M.O.A.); (S.O.S.)
| | - Malgorzata Adamczyk
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland; (O.M.L.); (M.O.A.); (S.O.S.)
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Hu Y, Schomaker JM. Recent Developments and Strategies for Mutually Orthogonal Bioorthogonal Reactions. Chembiochem 2021; 22:3254-3262. [PMID: 34261195 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202100164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade, several different metal-free bioorthogonal reactions have been developed to enable simultaneous double-click labeling with minimal-to-no competing cross-reactivities; such transformations are termed 'mutually orthogonal'. More recently, several examples of successful triple ligation strategies have also been described. In this minireview, we discuss selected aspects of the development of orthogonal bioorthogonal reactions over the past decade, including general strategies to drive future innovations to achieve simultaneous, mutually orthogonal click reactions in one pot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Hu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Jennifer M Schomaker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
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Abstract
Harnessing the power of the human immune system to treat cancer is the essence of immunotherapy. Monoclonal antibodies engage the innate immune system to destroy targeted cells. For the last 30years, antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity and complement-dependent cytotoxicity have been the main mechanisms of anti-tumor action of unconjugated antibody drugs. Efforts to exploit the potentials of other immune cells, in particular T cells, culminated in the recent approval of two T cell engaging bispecific antibody (T-BsAb) drugs, thereby stimulating new efforts to accelerate similar platforms through preclinical and clinical trials. In this review, we have compiled the worldwide effort in exploring T cell engaging bispecific antibodies. Our special emphasis is on the lessons learned, with the hope to derive insights in this fast evolving field with tremendous clinical potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, United States
| | - N V Cheung
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, United States.
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Cao Y, Rodgers DT, Du J, Ahmad I, Hampton EN, Ma JSY, Mazagova M, Choi SH, Yun HY, Xiao H, Yang P, Luo X, Lim RKV, Pugh HM, Wang F, Kazane SA, Wright TM, Kim CH, Schultz PG, Young TS. Design of Switchable Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells Targeting Breast Cancer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201601902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Cao
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology; The Scripps Research Institute; 10550 N Torrey Pines Rd La Jolla CA 92037 USA
| | - David T. Rodgers
- California Institute for Biomedical Research; 11119 N Torrey Pines Rd La Jolla CA 92037 USA
| | - Juanjuan Du
- California Institute for Biomedical Research; 11119 N Torrey Pines Rd La Jolla CA 92037 USA
| | - Insha Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology; The Scripps Research Institute; 10550 N Torrey Pines Rd La Jolla CA 92037 USA
| | - Eric N. Hampton
- California Institute for Biomedical Research; 11119 N Torrey Pines Rd La Jolla CA 92037 USA
| | - Jennifer S. Y. Ma
- California Institute for Biomedical Research; 11119 N Torrey Pines Rd La Jolla CA 92037 USA
| | - Magdalena Mazagova
- California Institute for Biomedical Research; 11119 N Torrey Pines Rd La Jolla CA 92037 USA
| | - Sei-hyun Choi
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology; The Scripps Research Institute; 10550 N Torrey Pines Rd La Jolla CA 92037 USA
- Present address: Daegu-Gyeongbook Medical Innovation Center; 80 Chembok-ro Dong-gu Daegu 41061 Korea
| | - Hwa Young Yun
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology; The Scripps Research Institute; 10550 N Torrey Pines Rd La Jolla CA 92037 USA
| | - Han Xiao
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology; The Scripps Research Institute; 10550 N Torrey Pines Rd La Jolla CA 92037 USA
| | - Pengyu Yang
- California Institute for Biomedical Research; 11119 N Torrey Pines Rd La Jolla CA 92037 USA
| | - Xiaozhou Luo
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology; The Scripps Research Institute; 10550 N Torrey Pines Rd La Jolla CA 92037 USA
| | - Reyna K. V. Lim
- California Institute for Biomedical Research; 11119 N Torrey Pines Rd La Jolla CA 92037 USA
| | - Holly M. Pugh
- California Institute for Biomedical Research; 11119 N Torrey Pines Rd La Jolla CA 92037 USA
| | - Feng Wang
- California Institute for Biomedical Research; 11119 N Torrey Pines Rd La Jolla CA 92037 USA
| | - Stephanie A. Kazane
- California Institute for Biomedical Research; 11119 N Torrey Pines Rd La Jolla CA 92037 USA
| | - Timothy M. Wright
- California Institute for Biomedical Research; 11119 N Torrey Pines Rd La Jolla CA 92037 USA
| | - Chan Hyuk Kim
- California Institute for Biomedical Research; 11119 N Torrey Pines Rd La Jolla CA 92037 USA
- Present address: Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology; 291 Daehak-ro Yuseong-gu Daejeon 34141 Korea
| | - Peter G. Schultz
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology; The Scripps Research Institute; 10550 N Torrey Pines Rd La Jolla CA 92037 USA
- California Institute for Biomedical Research; 11119 N Torrey Pines Rd La Jolla CA 92037 USA
| | - Travis S. Young
- California Institute for Biomedical Research; 11119 N Torrey Pines Rd La Jolla CA 92037 USA
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Cao Y, Rodgers DT, Du J, Ahmad I, Hampton EN, Ma JSY, Mazagova M, Choi SH, Yun HY, Xiao H, Yang P, Luo X, Lim RKV, Pugh HM, Wang F, Kazane SA, Wright TM, Kim CH, Schultz PG, Young TS. Design of Switchable Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells Targeting Breast Cancer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:7520-4. [PMID: 27145250 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201601902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cells have demonstrated promising results against hematological malignancies, but have encountered significant challenges in translation to solid tumors. To overcome these hurdles, we have developed a switchable CAR-T cell platform in which the activity of the engineered cell is controlled by dosage of an antibody-based switch. Herein, we apply this approach to Her2-expressing breast cancers by engineering switch molecules through site-specific incorporation of FITC or grafting of a peptide neo-epitope (PNE) into the anti-Her2 antibody trastuzumab (clone 4D5). We demonstrate that both switch formats can be readily optimized to redirect CAR-T cells (specific for the corresponding FITC or PNE) to Her2-expressing tumor cells, and afford dose-titratable activation of CAR-T cells ex vivo and complete clearance of the tumor in rodent xenograft models. This strategy may facilitate the application of immunotherapy to solid tumors by affording comparable efficacy with improved safety owing to switch-based control of the CAR-T response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Cao
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - David T Rodgers
- California Institute for Biomedical Research, 11119 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Juanjuan Du
- California Institute for Biomedical Research, 11119 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Insha Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Eric N Hampton
- California Institute for Biomedical Research, 11119 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Jennifer S Y Ma
- California Institute for Biomedical Research, 11119 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Magdalena Mazagova
- California Institute for Biomedical Research, 11119 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Sei-Hyun Choi
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.,Present address: Daegu-Gyeongbook Medical Innovation Center, 80 Chembok-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu, 41061, Korea
| | - Hwa Young Yun
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Han Xiao
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Pengyu Yang
- California Institute for Biomedical Research, 11119 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Xiaozhou Luo
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Reyna K V Lim
- California Institute for Biomedical Research, 11119 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Holly M Pugh
- California Institute for Biomedical Research, 11119 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Feng Wang
- California Institute for Biomedical Research, 11119 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Stephanie A Kazane
- California Institute for Biomedical Research, 11119 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Timothy M Wright
- California Institute for Biomedical Research, 11119 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Chan Hyuk Kim
- California Institute for Biomedical Research, 11119 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA. .,Present address: Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Korea.
| | - Peter G Schultz
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA. .,California Institute for Biomedical Research, 11119 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
| | - Travis S Young
- California Institute for Biomedical Research, 11119 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
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