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Khanra P, Rajdev P, Das A. Seed-Induced Living Two-Dimensional (2D) Supramolecular Polymerization in Water: Implications on Protein Adsorption and Enzyme Inhibition. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202400486. [PMID: 38265331 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202400486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
In biological systems, programmable supramolecular frameworks characterized by coordinated directional non-covalent interactions are widespread. However, only a small number of reports involve pure water-based dynamic supramolecular assembly of artificial π-amphiphiles, primarily due to the formidable challenge of counteracting the strong hydrophobic dominance of the π-surface in water, leading to undesired kinetic traps. This study reveals the pathway complexity in hydrogen-bonding-mediated supramolecular polymerization of an amide-functionalized naphthalene monoimide (NMI) building block with a hydrophilic oligo-oxyethylene (OE) wedge. O-NMI-2 initially produced entropically driven, collapsed spherical particles in water (Agg-1); however, over a span of 72 h, these metastable Agg-1 gradually transformed into two-dimensional (2D) nanosheets (Agg-2), favoured by both entropy and enthalpy contributions. The intricate self-assembly pathways in O-NMI-2 enable us to explore seed-induced living supramolecular polymerization (LSP) in water for controlled synthesis of monolayered 2D assemblies. Furthermore, we demonstrated the nonspecific surface adsorption of a model enzyme, serine protease α-Chymotrypsin (α-ChT), and consequently the enzyme activity, which could be regulated by controlling the morphological transformation of O-NMI-2 from Agg-1 to Agg-2. We delve into the thermodynamic aspects of such shape-dependent protein-surface interactions and unravel the impact of seed-induced LSP on temporally controlling the catalytic activity of α-ChT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payel Khanra
- School of Applied and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science (IACS), 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Priya Rajdev
- School of Applied and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science (IACS), 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Anindita Das
- School of Applied and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science (IACS), 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, India
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Sikder A, Xie Y, Thomas M, Derry MJ, O'Reilly RK. Precise control over supramolecular nanostructures via manipulation of H-bonding in π-amphiphiles. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:20111-20118. [PMID: 34846491 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr04882a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembled supramolecular architectures are ubiquitous in nature. A synchronized combination of dynamic noncovalent interactions is the major driving force in forming unique structures with high-precision control over the self-assembly of supramolecular materials. Herein, we have achieved programmable nanostructures by introducing single/multiple H-bonding units in a supramolecular building block. A diverse range of nanostructures can be generated in aqueous medium by subtly tuning the structure of π-amphiphiles. 1D-cylindrical micelles, 2D-nanoribbons and hollow nanotubes are produced by systematically varying the number of H-bonding units (0-2) in structurally near identical π-amphiphiles. Spectroscopic measurements revealed the decisive role of H-bonding units for different modes of molecular packing. We have demonstrated that a competitive self-assembled state (a kinetically controlled aggregation state and a thermodynamically controlled aggregation state) can be generated by fine tuning the number of noncovalent forces present in the supramolecular building blocks. The luminescence properties of conjugated dithiomaleimide (DTM) provided insight into the relative hydrophobicity of the core in these nanostructures. In addition, fluorescence turn-off in the presence of thiophenol enabled us to probe the accessibility of the hydrophobic core in these assembled systems toward guest molecules. Therefore the DTM group provides an efficient tool to determine the relative hydrophobicity and accessibility of the core of various nanostructures which is very rarely studied in supramolecular assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Sikder
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT, Birmingham, UK.
| | - Yujie Xie
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT, Birmingham, UK.
| | - Marjolaine Thomas
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT, Birmingham, UK.
| | - Matthew J Derry
- Aston Institute of Materials Research, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK
| | - Rachel K O'Reilly
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT, Birmingham, UK.
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Helmers I, Ghosh G, Albuquerque RQ, Fernández G. Pathway and Length Control of Supramolecular Polymers in Aqueous Media via a Hydrogen Bonding Lock. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:4368-4376. [PMID: 33152151 PMCID: PMC7898687 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202012710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Programming the organization of π-conjugated systems into nanostructures of defined dimensions is a requirement for the preparation of functional materials. Herein, we have achieved high-precision control over the self-assembly pathways and fiber length of an amphiphilic BODIPY dye in aqueous media by exploiting a programmable hydrogen bonding lock. The presence of a (2-hydroxyethyl)amide group in the target BODIPY enables different types of intra- vs. intermolecular hydrogen bonding, leading to a competition between kinetically controlled discoidal H-type aggregates and thermodynamically controlled 1D J-type fibers in water. The high stability of the kinetic state, which is dominated by the hydrophobic effect, is reflected in the slow transformation to the thermodynamic product (several weeks at room temperature). However, this lag time can be suppressed by the addition of seeds from the thermodynamic species, enabling us to obtain supramolecular polymers of tuneable length in water for multiple cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingo Helmers
- Organisch-Chemisches-InstitutWestfälische-Wilhelms-Universität MünsterCorrenstrasse 4048149MünsterGermany
| | - Goutam Ghosh
- Organisch-Chemisches-InstitutWestfälische-Wilhelms-Universität MünsterCorrenstrasse 4048149MünsterGermany
| | - Rodrigo Q. Albuquerque
- Lehrstuhl für SystemverfahrenstechnikTechnical University of Munich (TUM)Gregor-Mendel-Strasse 485354FreisingGermany
| | - Gustavo Fernández
- Organisch-Chemisches-InstitutWestfälische-Wilhelms-Universität MünsterCorrenstrasse 4048149MünsterGermany
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Helmers I, Ghosh G, Albuquerque RQ, Fernández G. Pfad‐ und Längenkontrolle von supramolekularen Polymeren im wässrigen Medium mittels eines Wasserstoffbrückenschlosses. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202012710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ingo Helmers
- Organisch-Chemisches-Institut Westfälische-Wilhelms-Universität Münster Correnstraße 40 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Goutam Ghosh
- Organisch-Chemisches-Institut Westfälische-Wilhelms-Universität Münster Correnstraße 40 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Rodrigo Q. Albuquerque
- Lehrstuhl für Systemverfahrenstechnik Technische Universität München (TUM) Gregor-Mendel-Straße 4 85354 Freising Deutschland
| | - Gustavo Fernández
- Organisch-Chemisches-Institut Westfälische-Wilhelms-Universität Münster Correnstraße 40 48149 Münster Deutschland
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Sikder A, Ray D, Aswal VK, Ghosh S. Supramolecular Assembly of a Molecularly Engineered Protein and Polymer. Chemistry 2019; 25:10464-10471. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201901844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Sikder
- School of Applied and Interdisciplinary SciencesIndian Association for the Cultivation of Science Kolkata 700032 India
| | - Debes Ray
- Solid State Physics DivisionBhabha Atomic Research Centre Mumbai- 400085 India
| | - Vinod K. Aswal
- Solid State Physics DivisionBhabha Atomic Research Centre Mumbai- 400085 India
| | - Suhrit Ghosh
- School of Applied and Interdisciplinary SciencesIndian Association for the Cultivation of Science Kolkata 700032 India
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Zhong X, Hu C, Yan X, Zhu D, Chen Q, Li W, Feng L, Wei Y. Self-assembly of supra-amphiphiles building block fabricated by β-cyclodextrin and adamantane-based ionic liquid. RSC Adv 2019; 9:17281-17290. [PMID: 35519893 PMCID: PMC9064563 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra02738f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
A new adamantane-based ionic liquid, (11-(((-adamantane-1-carbonyl)oxy)undecyl)-1-methylimidazol-3-ium bromide (AD-C11im), was synthesized from 1-adamantanecarboxylic acid and observed that it can aggregate into micelles in aqueous solution. A number of experiments were conducted to understand the self-assembly of supra-amphiphiles building block fabricated by β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) and adamantane-based ionic liquid at diverse molar ratios. Studies revealed that host–guest interaction between the adamantane group and β-CD occurred and AD-C11im@1β-CD building block formed when same amount β-CD was added. Then the micelles aggregates formed by AD-C11im only turned into spherical vesicles, which was confirmed by AFM, DLS and TEM. Besides, according to the results of AFM, it can be confirmed that the vesicles were monolayer structure. When double amount β-CD was added, both the adamantane group and the hydrophobic chain were encapsulated by β-CD and AD-C11im@2β-CD building block formed. Thus the aggregations changed from vesicles to net-like nanofiber, which was observed by TEM. When the β-CD concentration increased to 40 mM, the formation of light blue hydrogel was observed during the self-assembling process of AD-C11im@2β-CD building block. The self-assembly of supra-amphiphiles building block fabricated by β-CD and AD-C11im at diverse molar ratios was studied. The micelles of AD-C11im turned into monolayer vesicles, net-like nanofibers and hydrogel at different β-CD/AD-C11im system.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Zhong
- State Key Laboratory for Nuclear Resources and Environment, School of Chemistry, Biology and Materials Science, East China University of Technology Nanchang 330013 China
| | - Caixia Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Nuclear Resources and Environment, School of Chemistry, Biology and Materials Science, East China University of Technology Nanchang 330013 China
| | - Xiaowei Yan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Calcium Carbonate Resources Comprehensive Utilization, College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hezhou University Hezhou 542899 China
| | - Dongjian Zhu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Calcium Carbonate Resources Comprehensive Utilization, College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hezhou University Hezhou 542899 China
| | - Qiujuan Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Calcium Carbonate Resources Comprehensive Utilization, College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hezhou University Hezhou 542899 China
| | - Wenxue Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Calcium Carbonate Resources Comprehensive Utilization, College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hezhou University Hezhou 542899 China
| | - Lizhen Feng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Calcium Carbonate Resources Comprehensive Utilization, College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hezhou University Hezhou 542899 China
| | - Yan Wei
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Calcium Carbonate Resources Comprehensive Utilization, College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hezhou University Hezhou 542899 China
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Sarkar K, Ahmed S, Dastidar P. Self-Assembly of Spherical Organic Molecules to Form Hollow Vesicular Structures in Water for Encapsulation of an Anticancer Drug and Its Release. Chem Asian J 2019; 14:1992-1999. [PMID: 30941908 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201900211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Developing hierarchical supramolecular structures is important for better understanding of various biological functions and possibly generating new materials for biomedical applications. Herein, we report the first examples of functional vesicles derived from cationic spherical organic molecules (C1 -C3 ) which were readily synthesized by reacting a C3 -symmetric tris-benzimmidazole derivative (possessing a 1,3,5-ethyl substituted aromatic core) with 1,3,5-substituted tris-bromomethyl benzene derivatives. Vesicle formation by C1 -C3 was probed by high-resolution microscopy (TEM and AFM), dynamic light scattering (DLS) and fluorescence microscopic imaging of calcein-loaded vesicles. One of the vesicles [Vesicle(C3 )] displayed the ability to load the anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX). The drug was subsequently released from DOX@Vesicle(C3 ) in a stimuli-responsive manner in presence of the well-known vesicle destroyer Triton X-100, as revealed by in vitro cell migration assay carried out on a highly aggressive human breast cancer cell line (MDA-MB-231).
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Affiliation(s)
- Koushik Sarkar
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science (IACS), 2A & 2B, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Sabir Ahmed
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science (IACS), 2A & 2B, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Parthasarathi Dastidar
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science (IACS), 2A & 2B, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, West Bengal, India
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8
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Sikder A, Ray D, Aswal VK, Ghosh S. Hydrogen‐Bonding‐Regulated Supramolecular Nanostructures and Impact on Multivalent Binding. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 58:1606-1611. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201812217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Sikder
- School of Applied and Interdisciplinary SciencesIndian Association for the Cultivation of Science Kolkata- 700032 India
| | - Debes Ray
- Solid State Physics DivisionBhabha Atomic Research Centre Mumbai- 400085 India
| | - Vinod K. Aswal
- Solid State Physics DivisionBhabha Atomic Research Centre Mumbai- 400085 India
| | - Suhrit Ghosh
- School of Applied and Interdisciplinary SciencesIndian Association for the Cultivation of Science Kolkata- 700032 India
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9
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Sikder A, Ray D, Aswal VK, Ghosh S. Hydrogen‐Bonding‐Regulated Supramolecular Nanostructures and Impact on Multivalent Binding. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201812217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Sikder
- School of Applied and Interdisciplinary SciencesIndian Association for the Cultivation of Science Kolkata- 700032 India
| | - Debes Ray
- Solid State Physics DivisionBhabha Atomic Research Centre Mumbai- 400085 India
| | - Vinod K. Aswal
- Solid State Physics DivisionBhabha Atomic Research Centre Mumbai- 400085 India
| | - Suhrit Ghosh
- School of Applied and Interdisciplinary SciencesIndian Association for the Cultivation of Science Kolkata- 700032 India
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10
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Chakraborty S, Ray D, Aswal VK, Ghosh S. Multi-Stimuli-Responsive Directional Assembly of an Amphiphilic Donor-Acceptor Alternating Supramolecular Copolymer. Chemistry 2018; 24:16379-16387. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201803170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Saptarshi Chakraborty
- Polymer Science Unit; Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science; 2A and 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road 700032 Kolkata India
| | - Debes Ray
- Solid State Physics Division; Bhabha Atomic Research Centre; Trombay Mumbai 400085 India
| | - Vinod K. Aswal
- Solid State Physics Division; Bhabha Atomic Research Centre; Trombay Mumbai 400085 India
| | - Suhrit Ghosh
- Polymer Science Unit; Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science; 2A and 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road 700032 Kolkata India
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11
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Wang J, Yao M, Li Q, Yi S, Chen X. β-Cyclodextrin induced hierarchical self-assembly of a cationic surfactant bearing an adamantane end group in aqueous solution. SOFT MATTER 2016; 12:9641-9648. [PMID: 27858041 DOI: 10.1039/c6sm02329k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A cationic surfactant with adamantane as the end group, 1-[11-((adamantane-1-carbonyl)oxy)-undecyl]pyridinium bromide (AP), has been synthesized. Its β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) induced hierarchical self-assembling behaviors in aqueous solution were investigated using transmission or scanning electron microscopy methods and small-angle X-ray scattering measurements. Like conventional single chain surfactants, micelles could be formed by AP itself in dilute solutions. However, the dramatic phase transitions of these micelles occurred when host-guest inclusions between AP and β-CD were sequentially produced at different host/guest molar ratios (R), corresponding to the supramolecules with different chemical structures. The AP micelles could be changed into spherical unilamellar vesicles by adding β-CD to reach an R value of 1 : 1. Such vesicles then evolved into multi-wall nanotubes or hydrogels when the β-CD amount was further increased to obtain an R value of 2 : 1. The unique structural characteristics of these supramolecular aggregates come from their "monolayer-like" walls, which have rarely been reported in the past for CD/surfactant inclusion complexes. The interesting results obtained here not only enrich the β-CD/surfactant aggregation systems, but also provide a novel and facile strategy to tune the morphology and structure of aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Shandong University, Ministry of Education, Jinan, 250100, China.
| | - Meihuan Yao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Qintang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cultivation Base for Nonmetal Composites and Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, China
| | - Sijing Yi
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Shandong University, Ministry of Education, Jinan, 250100, China.
| | - Xiao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Shandong University, Ministry of Education, Jinan, 250100, China.
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CRSI Bronze Medals: P. S. Mukherjee, D. B. Ramachary, T. Govindaraju, and R. Gupta / SwarnaJayanti Fellowships: S. Ghosh and C. M. Reddy / Albrecht Kossel Prize: J. Buchner / DECHEMA Early-Career Researcher Prize: T. A. M. Gulder / Mattauch-Herzog Prize:. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:7578-9. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201604544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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13
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Bronzemedaillen der CRSI: P. S. Mukherjee, D. B. Ramachary, T. Govindaraju und R. Gupta / SwarnaJayanti-Stipendien: S. Ghosh und C. M. Reddy / Albrecht-Kossel-Preis: J. Buchner / Nachwuchswissenschaftler-Preis der DECHEMA: T. A. M. Gulder / Mattauch-Herzo. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201604544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Bolag A, Sakai N, Matile S. Dipolar Photosystems: Engineering Oriented Push-Pull Components into Double- and Triple-Channel Surface Architectures. Chemistry 2016; 22:9006-14. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201600213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Altan Bolag
- Department of Organic Chemistry; University of Geneva; Geneva Switzerland
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory for Physics and Chemistry of Functional Materials; Inner Mongolia Normal University; Hohhot P. R. China
| | - Naomi Sakai
- Department of Organic Chemistry; University of Geneva; Geneva Switzerland
| | - Stefan Matile
- Department of Organic Chemistry; University of Geneva; Geneva Switzerland
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Miros FN, Matile S. Core-Substituted Naphthalenediimides: LUMO Levels Revisited, in Comparison with Preylenediimides with Sulfur Redox Switches in the Core. ChemistryOpen 2016; 5:219-26. [PMID: 27551658 PMCID: PMC4984407 DOI: 10.1002/open.201500222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Core‐substituted naphthalenediimides (NDIs) attract increasing attention to bind, transport, and transform electrons, anions, anionic intermediates, and anionic transition states, and to shine as most colorful rainbow fluorophores. The energy level of their lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) is decisive for many of these applications. Here, differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) measurements for a consistent series of NDIs are reported to extract exact LUMO levels under identical conditions. The influence of primary and secondary substituents in the core and on the primary imides is compared with general trends for the reliable prediction of LUMO levels in functional systems. Emphasis is on sulfur redox switches in the NDI core because of their frequent use as isostructural probes for π acidity. The same sulfur redox chemistry is expanded to perylenediimides (PDIs), and LUMO engineering is discussed in a broader context, including also fullerenes, aminonaphthalimides (ANIs), and aminoperyleneimides (APIs). The result is a comprehensive reference table that graphically maps out the LUMO space covered by the leading families of electronaccepting aromatics. This graphical summary of general trends in the π‐acidic space is expected to be both inspiring and quite useful in practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- François N Miros
- Department of Organic Chemistry University of Geneva Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30 1211 Geneva 4 Switzerland
| | - Stefan Matile
- Department of Organic Chemistry University of Geneva Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30 1211 Geneva 4 Switzerland
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Shankar BH, Jayaram DT, Ramaiah D. Naphthalene Imide Conjugates: Formation of Supramolecular Assemblies, and the Encapsulation and Release of Dyes through DNA-Mediated Disassembly. Chemistry 2015; 21:17657-63. [PMID: 26490366 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201502955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
We report the synthesis of two new amphiphilic conjugates 1 and 2 based on naphthalene di- and monoimide chromophores and the investigation of their photophysical, self-assembly and DNA-binding properties. These conjugates showed aqueous good solubility and exhibited strong interactions with DNA and polynucleotides such as poly(dG⋅dC)-poly(dG⋅dC) and poly(dA⋅dT)-poly(dA⋅dT). The interaction of these conjugates with DNA was evaluated by photo- and biophysical techniques. These studies revealed that the conjugates interact with DNA through intercalation with association constants in the order of 5-8×10(4) M(-1) . Of these two conjugates, bolaamphiphile 1 exhibited a supramolecular assembly that formed vesicles with an approximate diameter of 220 nm in the aqueous medium at a critical aggregation concentration of 0.4 mM, which was confirmed by SEM and TEM. These vesicular structures showed a strong affinity for hydrophobic molecules such as Nile red through encapsulation. Uniquely, when exposed to DNA the vesicles disassembled, and therefore this transformation could be utilised for the encapsulation and release of hydrophobic molecules by employing DNA as a stimulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balaraman H Shankar
- Photosciences and Photonics Section, Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Trivandrum 695 019 (India)
| | - Dhanya T Jayaram
- Photosciences and Photonics Section, Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Trivandrum 695 019 (India)
| | - Danaboyina Ramaiah
- Photosciences and Photonics Section, Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Trivandrum 695 019 (India). , , .,CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology (CSIR-NEIST), Jorhat 785 006, Assam (India). , ,
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