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Saunthwal RK, Schwarz M, Mallick RK, Terry-Wright W, Clayden J. Enantioselective Intramolecular α-Arylation of Benzylamine Derivatives: Synthesis of a Precursor to Levocetirizine. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202216758. [PMID: 36698284 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202216758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
A practical, transition metal-free method allows the enantioselective synthesis of α,α-diarylmethylamines by asymmetric α-arylation of benzylamines. Enantioselective lithiation of N'-aryl-N-benzyl-N-isopropyl ureas using a chiral lithium amide base generates a benzyllithium that undergoes an unactivated stereospecific intramolecular nucleophilic aromatic substitution to generate an α,α-diarylmethylamine in the form of its urea derivative, in up to >99 % ee. Treatment with acid induces an "azatropic shift" with retention of configuration, the product of which may be hydrolysed to the target amine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh K Saunthwal
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Maria Schwarz
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Rajendra K Mallick
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
| | - William Terry-Wright
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Jonathan Clayden
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
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2
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Abrams R, Jesani MH, Browning A, Clayden J. Triarylmethanes and their Medium-Ring Analogues by Unactivated Truce-Smiles Rearrangement of Benzanilides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:11272-11277. [PMID: 33830592 PMCID: PMC8252078 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202102192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Intramolecular nucleophilic aromatic substitution (Truce–Smiles rearrangement) of the anions of 2‐benzyl benzanilides leads to triarylmethanes in an operationally simple manner. The reaction succeeds even without electronic activation of the ring that plays the role of electrophile in the SNAr reaction, being accelerated instead by the preferred conformation imposed by the tertiary amide tether. The amide substituent of the product may be removed or transformed into alternative functional groups. A ring‐expanding variant (n to n+4) of the reaction provided a route to doubly benzo‐fused medium ring lactams of 10 or 11 members. Hammett analysis returned a ρ value consistent with the operation of a partially concerted reaction mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Abrams
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Mehul H Jesani
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Alex Browning
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Jonathan Clayden
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
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3
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Abrams R, Jesani MH, Browning A, Clayden J. Triarylmethanes and their Medium‐Ring Analogues by Unactivated Truce–Smiles Rearrangement of Benzanilides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202102192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Roman Abrams
- School of Chemistry University of Bristol, Cantock's Close Bristol BS8 1TS UK
| | - Mehul H. Jesani
- School of Chemistry University of Bristol, Cantock's Close Bristol BS8 1TS UK
| | - Alex Browning
- School of Chemistry University of Bristol, Cantock's Close Bristol BS8 1TS UK
| | - Jonathan Clayden
- School of Chemistry University of Bristol, Cantock's Close Bristol BS8 1TS UK
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4
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Abrams R, Clayden J. Photocatalytic Difunctionalization of Vinyl Ureas by Radical Addition Polar Truce–Smiles Rearrangement Cascades. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:11600-11606. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202003632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Roman Abrams
- School of Chemistry University of Bristol Cantock's Close Bristol BS8 1TS UK
| | - Jonathan Clayden
- School of Chemistry University of Bristol Cantock's Close Bristol BS8 1TS UK
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5
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Abrams R, Clayden J. Photocatalytic Difunctionalization of Vinyl Ureas by Radical Addition Polar Truce–Smiles Rearrangement Cascades. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202003632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roman Abrams
- School of Chemistry University of Bristol Cantock's Close Bristol BS8 1TS UK
| | - Jonathan Clayden
- School of Chemistry University of Bristol Cantock's Close Bristol BS8 1TS UK
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6
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Li Z, Yu B. HFIP-Promoted de Novo Synthesis of Biologically Relevant Nonnatural α-Arylated Amino Esters and Dipeptide Mimetics. Chemistry 2019; 25:16528-16532. [PMID: 31617627 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201904395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Amino acids are fundamental building blocks, which have been extensively used in drug design and organic synthesis. However, nonnatural amino acids are relatively less studied. In this work, the authors report the first HFIP-promoted de novo synthesis of nonnatural α-arylated amino esters and dipeptide mimetics (27 examples, up to 99 % yield) from readily available amines, ethyl glyoxylate and electron-rich arenes under mild conditions, in which one C-C bond, one C-N bond and one chiral center were established simultaneously. The reaction was also performed on a gram scale, giving compound 4 a in 96 % yield. In addition, this protocol was successfully applied to the late-stage elaboration of drug molecules, such as tranylcypromine (TCP or PCPA) and troxipide. Interestingly, compound 4 h inactivated histone lysine specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) potently with an IC50 value of 0.296 μm. To the best of our knowledge, compound 4 h is the first LSD1 inhibitor derived from nonnatural α-arylated amino esters, and therefore could be used as a hit compound for the development of new LSD1 inhibitors. The synthesized nonnatural α-arylated amino esters and dipeptide mimetics as unique building blocks may have potential synthetic utilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghua Li
- Scientific Research Center & Laboratory Animal Center, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, 156 Jinshui East Road, 450046, Zhengzhou, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Bin Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Avenue, 450001, Zhengzhou, Henan, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
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7
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Silyldefluorination of Fluoroarenes by Concerted Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201808646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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8
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Mallick S, Xu P, Würthwein EU, Studer A. Silyldefluorination of Fluoroarenes by Concerted Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 58:283-287. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201808646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shubhadip Mallick
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut and Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation (CMTC); Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität; Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Pan Xu
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut and Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation (CMTC); Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität; Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Ernst-Ulrich Würthwein
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut and Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation (CMTC); Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität; Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Armido Studer
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut and Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation (CMTC); Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität; Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Germany
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9
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Izquierdo J, Etxabe J, Duñabeitia E, Landa A, Oiarbide M, Palomo C. Enantioselective Synthesis of 5,5-Disubstituted Hydantoins by Brønsted Base/H-Bond Catalyst Assisted Michael Reactions of a Design Template. Chemistry 2018; 24:7217-7227. [PMID: 29575281 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201800506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A new method for the enantioselective synthesis of 5,5-disubstituted (quaternary) hydantoins was developed on the basis of an organocatalytic Michael reaction approach involving the use of 2-benzylthio-3,5-dihydroimidazol-4-ones as key hydantoin surrogates. The method is general with respect to the substitution pattern at the hydantoin N1 (alkyl, aryl, acyl), N3 (aryl), and C5 (linear/branched alkyl, aryl) positions and affords essentially single diastereomeric products with enantioselectivities higher than 95 % ee in most cases. Among the bifunctional Brønsted base/H-bond catalysts examined, a known squaramide-tertiary amine catalyst and a newly prepared squaramide-tertiary amine catalyst provide the highest selectivity so far with either nitroolefins or vinyl ketones as the acceptor components. Kinetic measurements support a first-order rate dependence on both reaction partners, the donor template and the Michael acceptor, whereas competitive 1 H NMR spectroscopy experiments reveal the high ability of the template for catalyst binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseba Izquierdo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, Manuel Lardizabal 3, 20018, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Julen Etxabe
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, Manuel Lardizabal 3, 20018, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Eider Duñabeitia
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, Manuel Lardizabal 3, 20018, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Aitor Landa
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, Manuel Lardizabal 3, 20018, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Mikel Oiarbide
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, Manuel Lardizabal 3, 20018, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Claudio Palomo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, Manuel Lardizabal 3, 20018, San Sebastián, Spain
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10
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Costil R, Dale HJA, Fey N, Whitcombe G, Matlock JV, Clayden J. Heavily Substituted Atropisomeric Diarylamines by Unactivated Smiles Rearrangement of
N
‐Aryl Anthranilamides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201706341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Romain Costil
- School of Chemistry University of Bristol Cantock's Close Bristol BS8 1TS UK
| | - Harvey J. A. Dale
- School of Chemistry University of Bristol Cantock's Close Bristol BS8 1TS UK
| | - Natalie Fey
- School of Chemistry University of Bristol Cantock's Close Bristol BS8 1TS UK
| | - George Whitcombe
- School of Chemistry University of Bristol Cantock's Close Bristol BS8 1TS UK
| | | | - Jonathan Clayden
- School of Chemistry University of Bristol Cantock's Close Bristol BS8 1TS UK
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11
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Costil R, Dale HJA, Fey N, Whitcombe G, Matlock JV, Clayden J. Heavily Substituted Atropisomeric Diarylamines by Unactivated Smiles Rearrangement of
N
‐Aryl Anthranilamides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:12533-12537. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201706341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Romain Costil
- School of Chemistry University of Bristol Cantock's Close Bristol BS8 1TS UK
| | - Harvey J. A. Dale
- School of Chemistry University of Bristol Cantock's Close Bristol BS8 1TS UK
| | - Natalie Fey
- School of Chemistry University of Bristol Cantock's Close Bristol BS8 1TS UK
| | - George Whitcombe
- School of Chemistry University of Bristol Cantock's Close Bristol BS8 1TS UK
| | | | - Jonathan Clayden
- School of Chemistry University of Bristol Cantock's Close Bristol BS8 1TS UK
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12
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Mas-Roselló J, Hachisu S, Clayden J. Geometry-Retentive C-Alkenylation of Lithiated α-Aminonitriles: Quaternary α-Alkenyl Amino Acids and Hydantoins. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201704908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Josep Mas-Roselló
- School of Chemistry; University of Bristol; Cantock's Close Bristol BS8 1TS UK
| | - Shuji Hachisu
- Syngenta Agrochemicals; Jealotts Hill Research Station Bracknell, Berks RG42 6EY UK
| | - Jonathan Clayden
- School of Chemistry; University of Bristol; Cantock's Close Bristol BS8 1TS UK
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13
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Mas-Roselló J, Hachisu S, Clayden J. Geometry-Retentive C-Alkenylation of Lithiated α-Aminonitriles: Quaternary α-Alkenyl Amino Acids and Hydantoins. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201704908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Josep Mas-Roselló
- School of Chemistry; University of Bristol; Cantock's Close Bristol BS8 1TS UK
| | - Shuji Hachisu
- Syngenta Agrochemicals; Jealotts Hill Research Station Bracknell, Berks RG42 6EY UK
| | - Jonathan Clayden
- School of Chemistry; University of Bristol; Cantock's Close Bristol BS8 1TS UK
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14
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Holden CM, Greaney MF. Modern Aspects of the Smiles Rearrangement. Chemistry 2017; 23:8992-9008. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201700353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine M. Holden
- School of Chemistry; University of Manchester; Oxford Rd Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Michael F. Greaney
- School of Chemistry; University of Manchester; Oxford Rd Manchester M13 9PL UK
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Hall JE, Matlock JV, Ward JW, Gray KV, Clayden J. Medium-Ring Nitrogen Heterocycles through Migratory Ring Expansion of Metalated Ureas. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201605714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica E. Hall
- School of Chemistry; University of Bristol; Cantock's Close Bristol BS8 1TS UK
| | | | - John W. Ward
- School of Chemistry; University of Bristol; Cantock's Close Bristol BS8 1TS UK
| | - Katharine V. Gray
- School of Chemistry; University of Manchester; Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Jonathan Clayden
- School of Chemistry; University of Bristol; Cantock's Close Bristol BS8 1TS UK
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16
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Hall JE, Matlock JV, Ward JW, Gray KV, Clayden J. Medium-Ring Nitrogen Heterocycles through Migratory Ring Expansion of Metalated Ureas. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:11153-7. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201605714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica E. Hall
- School of Chemistry; University of Bristol; Cantock's Close Bristol BS8 1TS UK
| | | | - John W. Ward
- School of Chemistry; University of Bristol; Cantock's Close Bristol BS8 1TS UK
| | - Katharine V. Gray
- School of Chemistry; University of Manchester; Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Jonathan Clayden
- School of Chemistry; University of Bristol; Cantock's Close Bristol BS8 1TS UK
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