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Liu C, Zhu C, Cai Y, Jiang H. Solvent-Switched Oxidation Selectivities with O 2 : Controlled Synthesis of α-Difluoro(thio)methylated Alcohols and Ketones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:12038-12045. [PMID: 33704886 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202017271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The solvent-switched hydroxylation and oxygenation of α-difluoro(thio)methylated carbanions with molecular oxygen under mild conditions are reported. This strategy tames the redox reactions of the in situ generated hydroperoxy difluoromethylsulfides, in which solvent-bonding can alter their reactivity and switch the oxidation selectivities. These controllable three-component reactions of gem-difluoroalkenes, thiols and molecular oxygen afford various useful α-difluoro(thio)methylated alcohols and ketones in high yields. Significantly, this protocol has been applied in the synthesis different bioactive molecules. Mechanism studies enable the detection of the hydroperoxy difluoromethylsulfide intermediates and exclude the thiol-based radical pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Chuanle Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Yingying Cai
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Huanfeng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
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2
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Liu C, Zhu C, Cai Y, Jiang H. Solvent‐Switched Oxidation Selectivities with O
2
: Controlled Synthesis of α‐Difluoro(thio)methylated Alcohols and Ketones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202017271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 P. R. China
| | - Chuanle Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 P. R. China
| | - Yingying Cai
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 P. R. China
| | - Huanfeng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 P. R. China
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3
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Hayashi Y, Li J, Asano H, Sakamoto D. Sterically Congested Ester Formation from α‐Substituted Malononitrile and Alcohol by an Oxidative Method Using Molecular Oxygen. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201800984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yujiro Hayashi
- Graduate School of Science Tohoku University 6‐3 Aramaki‐Aza 980‐8578 Aoba‐ku, Sendai Japan
| | - Jing Li
- Graduate School of Science Tohoku University 6‐3 Aramaki‐Aza 980‐8578 Aoba‐ku, Sendai Japan
| | - Hirotaka Asano
- Graduate School of Science Tohoku University 6‐3 Aramaki‐Aza 980‐8578 Aoba‐ku, Sendai Japan
| | - Daisuke Sakamoto
- Graduate School of Science Tohoku University 6‐3 Aramaki‐Aza 980‐8578 Aoba‐ku, Sendai Japan
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4
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Parvatkar PT, Manetsch R, Banik BK. Metal-Free Cross-Dehydrogenative Coupling (CDC): Molecular Iodine as a Versatile Catalyst/Reagent for CDC Reactions. Chem Asian J 2018; 14:6-30. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201801237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Prakash T. Parvatkar
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology; Northeastern University, 102 Hurtig Hall; 360 Huntington Avenue Boston MA 02115 USA
| | - Roman Manetsch
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology; Northeastern University, 102 Hurtig Hall; 360 Huntington Avenue Boston MA 02115 USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Northeastern University, 102 Hurtig Hall; 360 Huntington Avenue Boston MA 02115 USA
| | - Bimal K. Banik
- Community Health System of South Texas; 3135 South Sugar Road Edinburg TX 78539 USA
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5
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Jiang YY, Hu B, Xu ZY, Zhang RX, Liu TT, Bi S. Boron Ester-Catalyzed Amidation of Carboxylic Acids with Amines: Mechanistic Rationale by Computational Study. Chem Asian J 2018; 13:2685-2690. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201800797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 06/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Ye Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Qufu Normal University; Qufu 273165 P. R. China
| | - Ben Hu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Qufu Normal University; Qufu 273165 P. R. China
| | - Zhong-Yan Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Qufu Normal University; Qufu 273165 P. R. China
| | - Rui-Xue Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Qufu Normal University; Qufu 273165 P. R. China
| | - Tian-Tian Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Qufu Normal University; Qufu 273165 P. R. China
| | - Siwei Bi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Qufu Normal University; Qufu 273165 P. R. China
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6
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Zhang XL, Feng KX, Xia AB, Zheng YY, Li C, Du XH, Xu DQ. Asymmetric Synthesis of 2,3-Dihydrofurans by One-Pot Michael Addition/I2
-Mediated Cyclization. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201800575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Long Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology; Key Laboratory of Green Pesticides and Cleaner Production Technology of Zhejiang Province; Zhejiang University of Technology; 310014 Hangzhou P. R. China
| | - Kai-Xiang Feng
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology; Key Laboratory of Green Pesticides and Cleaner Production Technology of Zhejiang Province; Zhejiang University of Technology; 310014 Hangzhou P. R. China
| | - Ai-Bao Xia
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology; Key Laboratory of Green Pesticides and Cleaner Production Technology of Zhejiang Province; Zhejiang University of Technology; 310014 Hangzhou P. R. China
| | - Ya-Yun Zheng
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology; Key Laboratory of Green Pesticides and Cleaner Production Technology of Zhejiang Province; Zhejiang University of Technology; 310014 Hangzhou P. R. China
| | - Chen Li
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology; Key Laboratory of Green Pesticides and Cleaner Production Technology of Zhejiang Province; Zhejiang University of Technology; 310014 Hangzhou P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Hua Du
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology; Key Laboratory of Green Pesticides and Cleaner Production Technology of Zhejiang Province; Zhejiang University of Technology; 310014 Hangzhou P. R. China
| | - Dan-Qian Xu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology; Key Laboratory of Green Pesticides and Cleaner Production Technology of Zhejiang Province; Zhejiang University of Technology; 310014 Hangzhou P. R. China
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7
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Guha S, Kazi I, Nandy A, Sekar G. Role of Lewis-Base-Coordinated Halogen(I) Intermediates in Organic Synthesis: The Journey from Unstable Intermediates to Versatile Reagents. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201700916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Somraj Guha
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology; 600036 Madras Chennai India
| | - Imran Kazi
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology; 600036 Madras Chennai India
| | - Anuradha Nandy
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology; 600036 Madras Chennai India
| | - Govindasamy Sekar
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology; 600036 Madras Chennai India
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8
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Xia AB, Zhang XL, Tang CK, Feng KX, Du XH, Xu DQ. One-pot asymmetric synthesis of a spiro[dihydrofurocoumarin/pyrazolone] scaffold by a Michael addition/I 2-mediated cyclization sequence. Org Biomol Chem 2017. [PMID: 28650044 DOI: 10.1039/c7ob00986k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
An asymmetric formal one-pot reaction of 4-hydroxycoumarins with unsaturated pyrazolones has been developed by merging a chiral bifunctional organocatalyst with molecular iodine, which furnished a series of optically active spiro[dihydrofurocoumarin/pyrazolone] heterocycles with spiro quaternary stereogenic centers in moderate to excellent yields (up to 99%) with excellent diastereoselectivities (up to >99 : 1 dr) and good to excellent enantioselectivities (up to 99% ee). The application in the gram-scale synthesis of chiral spiro[dihydrofurocoumarin/pyrazolone] compounds was also successfully realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Bao Xia
- Catalytic Hydrogenation Research Centre, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
| | - Xiao-Long Zhang
- Catalytic Hydrogenation Research Centre, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
| | - Cheng-Ke Tang
- Catalytic Hydrogenation Research Centre, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
| | - Kai-Xiang Feng
- Catalytic Hydrogenation Research Centre, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
| | - Xiao-Hua Du
- Catalytic Hydrogenation Research Centre, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
| | - Dan-Qian Xu
- Catalytic Hydrogenation Research Centre, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
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9
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Becker P, Duhamel T, Stein CJ, Reiher M, Muñiz K. Cooperative Light-Activated Iodine and Photoredox Catalysis for the Amination of Csp3 -H Bonds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:8004-8008. [PMID: 28488354 PMCID: PMC5499658 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201703611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
An unprecedented method that makes use of the cooperative interplay between molecular iodine and photoredox catalysis has been developed for dual light-activated intramolecular benzylic C-H amination. Iodine serves as the catalyst for the formation of a new C-N bond by activating a remote Csp3 -H bond (1,5-HAT process) under visible-light irradiation while the organic photoredox catalyst TPT effects the reoxidation of the molecular iodine catalyst. To explain the compatibility of the two involved photochemical steps, the key N-I bond activation was elucidated by computational methods. The new cooperative catalysis has important implications for the combination of non-metallic main-group catalysis with photocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Becker
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ)The Barcelona Institute of Science and TechnologyAv. Països Catalans 1643007TarragonaSpain
| | - Thomas Duhamel
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ)The Barcelona Institute of Science and TechnologyAv. Països Catalans 1643007TarragonaSpain
- Facultad de QuímicaUniversidad de OviedoSpain
| | - Christopher J. Stein
- Laboratorium für Physikalische ChemieETH ZürichVladimir-Prelog-Weg 28093ZürichSwitzerland
| | - Markus Reiher
- Laboratorium für Physikalische ChemieETH ZürichVladimir-Prelog-Weg 28093ZürichSwitzerland
| | - Kilian Muñiz
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ)The Barcelona Institute of Science and TechnologyAv. Països Catalans 1643007TarragonaSpain
- ICREABarcelonaSpain
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10
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Zhang XL, Tang CK, Xia AB, Feng KX, Du XH, Xu DQ. One-Pot Organocatalytic Michael Addition/I2
-Mediated Cyclization Sequence: Metal-Free Synthesis of Spiropyrazolones from 1,3-Diketones and Unsaturated Pyrazolones. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201700474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Long Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology; Key Laboratory of Green Pesticides and Cleaner Production Technology of Zhejiang Province; Zhejiang University of Technology; 310014 Hangzhou P. R. China
| | - Cheng-Ke Tang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology; Key Laboratory of Green Pesticides and Cleaner Production Technology of Zhejiang Province; Zhejiang University of Technology; 310014 Hangzhou P. R. China
| | - Ai-Bao Xia
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology; Key Laboratory of Green Pesticides and Cleaner Production Technology of Zhejiang Province; Zhejiang University of Technology; 310014 Hangzhou P. R. China
| | - Kai-Xiang Feng
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology; Key Laboratory of Green Pesticides and Cleaner Production Technology of Zhejiang Province; Zhejiang University of Technology; 310014 Hangzhou P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Hua Du
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology; Key Laboratory of Green Pesticides and Cleaner Production Technology of Zhejiang Province; Zhejiang University of Technology; 310014 Hangzhou P. R. China
| | - Dan-Qian Xu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology; Key Laboratory of Green Pesticides and Cleaner Production Technology of Zhejiang Province; Zhejiang University of Technology; 310014 Hangzhou P. R. China
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11
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Becker P, Duhamel T, Stein CJ, Reiher M, Muñiz K. Kooperative Licht-aktivierte Iod- und Photoredox-Katalyse zur Aminierung von Csp3 -H-Bindungen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201703611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Becker
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ); The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology; Av. Països Catalans 16 43007 Tarragona Spanien
| | - Thomas Duhamel
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ); The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology; Av. Països Catalans 16 43007 Tarragona Spanien
- Facultad de Química; Universidad de Oviedo; Spanien
| | - Christopher J. Stein
- Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie; ETH Zürich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2 8093 Zürich Schweiz
| | - Markus Reiher
- Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie; ETH Zürich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2 8093 Zürich Schweiz
| | - Kilian Muñiz
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ); The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology; Av. Països Catalans 16 43007 Tarragona Spanien
- ICREA; Barcelona Spanien
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12
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Yamaguchi T, Sugiura Y, Yamaguchi E, Tada N, Itoh A. Synthetic Method for the Preparation of Quinazolines by the Oxidation of Amines Using Singlet Oxygen. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201600431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoaki Yamaguchi
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Synthetic ChemistryGifu Pharmaceutical University 1-25-4, Daigaku-nishi Gifu 501-1196 Japan
| | - Yukina Sugiura
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Synthetic ChemistryGifu Pharmaceutical University 1-25-4, Daigaku-nishi Gifu 501-1196 Japan
| | - Eiji Yamaguchi
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Synthetic ChemistryGifu Pharmaceutical University 1-25-4, Daigaku-nishi Gifu 501-1196 Japan
| | - Norihiro Tada
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Synthetic ChemistryGifu Pharmaceutical University 1-25-4, Daigaku-nishi Gifu 501-1196 Japan
| | - Akichika Itoh
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Synthetic ChemistryGifu Pharmaceutical University 1-25-4, Daigaku-nishi Gifu 501-1196 Japan
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13
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Muñiz K, García B, Martínez C, Piccinelli A. Dioxoiodane Compounds as Versatile Sources for Iodine(I) Chemistry. Chemistry 2016; 23:1539-1545. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201603801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kilian Muñiz
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ); The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology; Av. Països Catalans 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
- ICREA; Pg. Lluís Companys 23 08010 Barcelona Spain
| | - Belén García
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ); The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology; Av. Països Catalans 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Claudio Martínez
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ); The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology; Av. Països Catalans 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Alessandro Piccinelli
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ); The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology; Av. Països Catalans 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
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14
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Li J, Lear MJ, Hayashi Y. Sterically Demanding Oxidative Amidation of α-Substituted Malononitriles with Amines Using O2. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:9060-4. [PMID: 27300467 PMCID: PMC5094546 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201603399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
An efficient amidation method between readily available 1,1‐dicyanoalkanes and either chiral or nonchiral amines was realized simply with molecular oxygen and a carbonate base. This oxidative protocol can be applied to both sterically and electronically challenging substrates in a highly chemoselective, practical, and rapid manner. The use of cyclopropyl and thioether substrates support the radical formation of α‐peroxy malononitrile species, which can cyclize to dioxiranes that can monooxygenate malononitrile α‐carbanions to afford activated acyl cyanides capable of reacting with amine nucleophiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aza Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Martin J Lear
- School of Chemistry, University of Lincoln, Brayford Pool, Lincoln, LN6 7TS, UK.
| | - Yujiro Hayashi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aza Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan.
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15
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Li J, Lear MJ, Hayashi Y. Sterically Demanding Oxidative Amidation of α-Substituted Malononitriles with Amines Using O2. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201603399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science; Tohoku University; Aza Aramaki Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8578 Japan
| | - Martin J. Lear
- School of Chemistry; University of Lincoln; Brayford Pool Lincoln LN6 7TS UK
| | - Yujiro Hayashi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science; Tohoku University; Aza Aramaki Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8578 Japan
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16
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Li J, Lear MJ, Kwon E, Hayashi Y. Mechanism of Oxidative Amidation of Nitroalkanes with Oxygen and Amine Nucleophiles by Using Electrophilic Iodine. Chemistry 2016; 22:5538-42. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201600540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Tohoku University; Aza Aramaki, Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8578 Japan
| | - Martin J. Lear
- School of Chemistry; University of Lincoln; Brayford Pool Lincoln LN6 7TS UK
| | - Eunsang Kwon
- Research and Analytical Center for Giant Molecules, Graduate School of Science; Tohoku University; Sendai 980-8578 Japan
| | - Yujiro Hayashi
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Tohoku University; Aza Aramaki, Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8578 Japan
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