1
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Gao K, Cheng Y, Zhang Z, Huo X, Guo C, Fu W, Xu J, Hou GL, Shang X, Zhang M. Guest-Regulated Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species from Porphyrin-Based Multicomponent Metallacages for Selective Photocatalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202319488. [PMID: 38305830 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202319488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
The development of novel materials for highly efficient and selective photocatalysis is crucial for their practical applications. Herein, we employ the host-guest chemistry of porphyrin-based metallacages to regulate the generation of reactive oxygen species and further use them for the selective photocatalytic oxidation of benzyl alcohols. Upon irradiation, the sole metallacage (6) can generate singlet oxygen (1O2) effectively via excited energy transfer, while its complex with C70 (6⊃C70) opens a pathway for electron transfer to promote the formation of superoxide anion (O2⋅-), producing both 1O2 and O2⋅-. The addition of 4,4'-bipyridine (BPY) to complex 6⊃C70 forms a more stable complex (6⊃BPY) via the coordination of the Zn-porphyrin faces of 6 and BPY, which drives fullerenes out of the cavities and restores the ability of 1O2 generation. Therefore, benzyl alcohols are oxidized into benzyl aldehydes upon irradiation in the presence of 6 or 6⊃BPY, while they are oxidized into benzoic acids when 6⊃C70 is employed as the photosensitizing agent. This study demonstrates a highly efficient strategy that utilizes the host-guest chemistry of metallacages to regulate the generation of reactive oxygen species for selective photooxidation reactions, which could promote the utilization of metallacages and their related host-guest complexes for photocatalytic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710049, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Ying Cheng
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710049, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Zeyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710049, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Xingda Huo
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710049, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Chenxing Guo
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, 518055, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Wenlong Fu
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710049, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Jianzhi Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory for Non-Equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of, Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710049, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Gao-Lei Hou
- MOE Key Laboratory for Non-Equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of, Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710049, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Xiaobo Shang
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710049, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Mingming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710049, Xi'an, P. R. China
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2
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Wang D, Wang X, Zhou S, Gu P, Zhu X, Wang C, Zhang Q. Evolution of BODIPY as triplet photosensitizers from homogeneous to heterogeneous: The strategies of functionalization to various forms and their recent applications. Coord Chem Rev 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2023.215074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
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3
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Jayawardana SG, Madura EC, García-López V. Photocatalytic molecular containers enable unique reactivity modes in confinement. Tetrahedron Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2022.154052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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4
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Bhattacharyya S, Ali SR, Venkateswarulu M, Howlader P, Zangrando E, De M, Mukherjee PS. Self-Assembled Pd12 Coordination Cage as Photoregulated Oxidase-Like Nanozyme. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:18981-18989. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c09567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Soumalya Bhattacharyya
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Sk Rajab Ali
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Mangili Venkateswarulu
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Prodip Howlader
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Ennio Zangrando
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste 34127, Italy
| | - Mrinmoy De
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Partha Sarathi Mukherjee
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
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5
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Sakata Y, Okada M, Tamiya M, Akine S. Post‐Metalation Modification of a Macrocyclic Dicobalt(III) Metallohost by Site‐Selective Ligand Exchange for Guest Recognition Control. Chemistry 2020; 26:7595-7601. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Sakata
- Graduate School of Natural Science and TechnologyKanazawa University Kakuma-machi Kanazawa 920-1192 Japan
- Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI)Kanazawa University Kakuma-machi Kanazawa 920-1192 Japan
| | - Masahiro Okada
- Graduate School of Natural Science and TechnologyKanazawa University Kakuma-machi Kanazawa 920-1192 Japan
| | - Munehiro Tamiya
- Graduate School of Natural Science and TechnologyKanazawa University Kakuma-machi Kanazawa 920-1192 Japan
| | - Shigehisa Akine
- Graduate School of Natural Science and TechnologyKanazawa University Kakuma-machi Kanazawa 920-1192 Japan
- Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI)Kanazawa University Kakuma-machi Kanazawa 920-1192 Japan
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6
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Gupta G, You Y, Hadiputra R, Jung J, Kang DK, Lee CY. Heterometallic BODIPY-Based Molecular Squares Obtained by Self-Assembly: Synthesis and Biological Activities. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:13200-13208. [PMID: 31460447 PMCID: PMC6705193 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b01328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Metal-based multinuclear supramolecules with different functionalities designed by self-assembly represent a growing area of research due to their versatile applications, particularly as anticancer agents. Four novel boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY)-based octacationic heterometallic molecular squares, 3-6 were synthesized by self-assembly via reaction of dipyridyl BODIPY ligands with suitable 90° palladium and platinum acceptors. The formation of the as-synthesized molecular squares was confirmed by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, high resolution electrospray mass spectrometry, UV-vis spectroscopy, and fluorescence spectroscopy. The square molecular structures of 4 and 6 were further rationalized theoretically using the PM7 semi-empirical method. The activities of the supramolecules against cancer cells were tested using cell lines of various malignant and nonmalignant origins. Complexes 3-6 showed high cytotoxicity toward cancer cells but 7.0 to 15.2 times lower cytotoxic effects were observed against nonmalignant human kidney epithelial cells (HEK-293). Particularly, complexes 3-6 provided 2.1-6.0 times lower IC50 values as compared to cisplatin in HCT116 cells. Interestingly, BDP ligand-containing complexes (3 and 4) induced cytotoxicity through apoptosis, whereas BDPCC-based complexes (5 and 6) induced cell death by necrosis. This study presents a novel series of iron-based heteroatomic palladium and platinum complexes that exhibit substantial potential as drug candidates for anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gajendra Gupta
- Department
of Energy and Chemical Engineering/Innovation Center for
Chemical Engineering and Department of Chemistry, Incheon National University, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeji You
- Department
of Energy and Chemical Engineering/Innovation Center for
Chemical Engineering and Department of Chemistry, Incheon National University, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Rizky Hadiputra
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Ulsan, Namgu, Ulsan 44776, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehoon Jung
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Ulsan, Namgu, Ulsan 44776, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Ku Kang
- Department
of Energy and Chemical Engineering/Innovation Center for
Chemical Engineering and Department of Chemistry, Incheon National University, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Yeon Lee
- Department
of Energy and Chemical Engineering/Innovation Center for
Chemical Engineering and Department of Chemistry, Incheon National University, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
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7
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Fang Y, Lian X, Huang Y, Fu G, Xiao Z, Wang Q, Nan B, Pellois JP, Zhou HC. Investigating Subcellular Compartment Targeting Effect of Porous Coordination Cages for Enhancing Cancer Nanotherapy. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2018; 14:e1802709. [PMID: 30222252 PMCID: PMC6563816 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201802709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the key factors for successful subcellular compartment targeting for cargo delivery systems is of great interest in a variety of fields such as bionanotechnology, cell biology, and nanotherapies. However, the fundamental basis for intracellular transportation with these systems has thus far rarely been discussed. As a cargo vector, porous coordination cages (PCCs) have great potential for use in cancer nanotherapy and to elucidate fundamental insight regarding subcellular compartment targeting. Herein, it is shown that the transportation of PCC cargo vectors though various subcellular barriers of the mammalian cell can be manipulated by tuning the vector's electronic property and surface affinity. It is found that the PCCs become selectively aggregated at the cell membrane, the cytoplasm, or the nucleus, respectively. When a DNA topoisomerase inhibitor is delivered into the nucleus by a neutral and lipophilic PCC, the anticancer efficacy is dramatically improved. The findings shed light to tune the interactions at the "bio-nano" interface. This study provides a key strategy for future work in targeting specific cell organelles for cell imaging, cargo delivery, and therapy. This research also offers key insight into the engineering of nanoscopic materials for furnishing cell organelle-specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Fang
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Xizhen Lian
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Yanyan Huang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Guo Fu
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Zhifeng Xiao
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Beiyan Nan
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Jean-Philippe Pellois
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Hong-Cai Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
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8
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Hong CM, Morimoto M, Kapustin EA, Alzakhem N, Bergman RG, Raymond KN, Toste FD. Deconvoluting the Role of Charge in a Supramolecular Catalyst. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:6591-6595. [PMID: 29767972 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b01701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We have demonstrated that the microenvironment of a highly anionic supramolecular catalyst can mimic the active sites of enzymes and impart rate accelerations of a million-fold or more. However, these microenvironments can be challenging to study, especially in the context of understanding which specific features of the catalyst are responsible for its high performance. We report here the development of an experimental mechanistic probe consisting of two isostructural catalysts. When examined in parallel transformations, the behavior of these catalysts provides insight relevant to the importance of anionic host charge on reactivity. These two catalysts exhibit similar host-substrate interactions, but feature a significant difference in overall anionic charge (12- and 8-). Within these systems, we compare the effect of constrictive binding in a net neutral aza-Cope rearrangement. We then demonstrate how the magnitude of anionic host charge has an exceptional influence on the reaction rates for a Nazarov cyclization, evidenced by an impressive 680-fold change in reaction rate as a consequence of a 33% reduction in catalyst charge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia M Hong
- Chemical Sciences Division , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States.,Department of Chemistry , University of California , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Mariko Morimoto
- Chemical Sciences Division , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States.,Department of Chemistry , University of California , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Eugene A Kapustin
- Chemical Sciences Division , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States.,Department of Chemistry , University of California , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Nicola Alzakhem
- Chemical Sciences Division , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States.,Department of Chemistry , University of California , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Robert G Bergman
- Chemical Sciences Division , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States.,Department of Chemistry , University of California , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Kenneth N Raymond
- Chemical Sciences Division , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States.,Department of Chemistry , University of California , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - F Dean Toste
- Chemical Sciences Division , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States.,Department of Chemistry , University of California , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
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9
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Colomban C, Fuertes-Espinosa C, Goeb S, Sallé M, Costas M, Blancafort L, Ribas X. Self-Assembled Cofacial Zinc-Porphyrin Supramolecular Nanocapsules as Tuneable 1 O 2 Photosensitizers. Chemistry 2018; 24:4371-4381. [PMID: 29315876 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201705531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate the benefits of using cofacial Zn-porphyrins as structural synthons in coordination-driven self-assembled prisms to produce cage-like singlet oxygen (1 O2 ) photosensitizers with tunable properties. In particular, we describe the photosensitizing and emission properties of palladium- and copper-based supramolecular capsules, and demonstrate that the nature of the bridging metal nodes in these discrete self-assembled prisms strongly influences 1 O2 generation at the Zn-porphyrin centers. The PdII -based prism is a particularly robust photosensitizer, whereas the CuII self-assembled prism is a dormant photosensitizer that could be switched to a ON state upon disassembly of the suprastructure. Furthermore, the well-defined cavity within the prisms allowed encapsulation of pyridine-based ligands and fullerene derivatives, which led to a remarkable guest tuning of the 1 O2 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cédric Colomban
- Institut de Química Computatcional i Catàlisi (IQCC), Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, Girona, E17003, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Carles Fuertes-Espinosa
- Institut de Química Computatcional i Catàlisi (IQCC), Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, Girona, E17003, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Sébastien Goeb
- Laboratoire MOLTECH-Anjou, Université d'Angers, CNRS UMR 6200, 2 bd Lavoisier, 49045, Angers Cedex, France
| | - Marc Sallé
- Laboratoire MOLTECH-Anjou, Université d'Angers, CNRS UMR 6200, 2 bd Lavoisier, 49045, Angers Cedex, France
| | - Miquel Costas
- Institut de Química Computatcional i Catàlisi (IQCC), Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, Girona, E17003, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Lluís Blancafort
- Institut de Química Computatcional i Catàlisi (IQCC), Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, Girona, E17003, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Xavi Ribas
- Institut de Química Computatcional i Catàlisi (IQCC), Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, Girona, E17003, Catalonia, Spain
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10
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Li LH, Jiang Y, Hao J, Wei Y, Shi M. N
2
-Selective Autocatalytic Ditriazolylation Reactions of Cyclopropenones and Tropone with N
1
-Sulfonyl-1,2,3-triazoles. Adv Synth Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201700936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Long-Hai Li
- Department of Chemistry; Shanghai University; 99 Shangda Road Shanghai 200444 People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; 130 Mei Long Road Shanghai 200237 People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Hao
- Department of Chemistry; Shanghai University; 99 Shangda Road Shanghai 200444 People's Republic of China
| | - Yin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 People's Republic of China
| | - Min Shi
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; 130 Mei Long Road Shanghai 200237 People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 People's Republic of China
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11
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McConnell AJ, Aitchison CM, Grommet AB, Nitschke JR. Subcomponent Exchange Transforms an Fe II4L 4 Cage from High- to Low-Spin, Switching Guest Release in a Two-Cage System. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:6294-6297. [PMID: 28426930 PMCID: PMC5537689 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b01478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Subcomponent
exchange transformed new high-spin FeII4L4 cage 1 into previously-reported
low-spin FeII4L4 cage 2: 2-formyl-6-methylpyridine was ejected in favor of the less sterically
hindered 2-formylpyridine, with concomitant high- to low-spin transition
of the cage’s FeII centers. High-spin 1 also reacted more readily with electron-rich anilines than 2, enabling the design of a system consisting of two cages
that could release their guests in response to combinations of different
stimuli. The addition of p-anisidine to a mixture
of high-spin 1 and previously-reported low-spin FeII4L6 cage 3 resulted in
the destruction of 1 and the release of its guest. However,
initial addition of 2-formylpyridine to an identical mixture of 1 and 3 resulted in the transformation of 1 into 2; added p-anisidine
then reacted preferentially with 3 releasing its guest.
The addition of 2-formylpyridine thus modulated the system’s
behavior, fundamentally altering its response to the subsequent signal p-anisidine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna J McConnell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine M Aitchison
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Angela B Grommet
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan R Nitschke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
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12
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Jansze SM, Wise MD, Vologzhanina AV, Scopelliti R, Severin K. Pd II2L 4-type coordination cages up to three nanometers in size. Chem Sci 2017; 8:1901-1908. [PMID: 28567267 PMCID: PMC5444114 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc04732g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The utilization of large ligands in coordination-based self-assembly represents an attractive strategy for the construction of supramolecular assemblies more than two nanometers in size. However, the implementation of this strategy is hampered by the fact that the preparation of such ligands often requires substantial synthetic effort. Herein, we describe a simple one-step protocol, which allows large bipyridyl ligands with a bent shape to be synthesized from easily accessible and/or commercially available starting materials. The ligands were used to construct PdII2L4-type coordination cages of unprecedented size. Furthermore, we provide evidence that these cages may be stabilized by close intramolecular packing of lipophilic ligand side chains. Packing effects of this kind are frequently encountered in protein assemblies, but they are seldom used as a design element in metallasupramolecular chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne M Jansze
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques , Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , 1015 Lausanne , Switzerland .
| | - Matthew D Wise
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques , Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , 1015 Lausanne , Switzerland .
| | - Anna V Vologzhanina
- Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences , 119991 Moscow , Russia
| | - Rosario Scopelliti
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques , Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , 1015 Lausanne , Switzerland .
| | - Kay Severin
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques , Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , 1015 Lausanne , Switzerland .
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13
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McGuirk CM, Mendez-Arroyo J, d'Aquino AI, Stern CL, Liu Y, Mirkin CA. A concerted two-prong approach to the in situ allosteric regulation of bifunctional catalysis. Chem Sci 2016; 7:6674-6683. [PMID: 28451109 PMCID: PMC5355828 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc01454b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, we report the reversible in situ "on-off" allosteric regulation of hydrogen-bond-donating (HBD)-Lewis base co-catalytic activity via a concerted two-prong methodology entailing cooperative acid-base chemistry and a structurally addressable coordination complex. Specifically, a heteroligated Pt(ii) weak-link approach (WLA) tweezer complex containing both a hemilabile squaramide-piperidine-based catalytic ligand and a sodium sulfonate hydrogen-bond-accepting (HBA) ligand was synthesized. Due to the hemilabile nature of the catalyst-containing ligand, the heteroligated complex can be reversibly toggled in situ between a flexible, semi-open state and a rigid, fully closed state upon the addition of elemental ion cues. 1H NMR spectroscopy titration studies show that in the semi-open state interligand hydrogen-bonding prevents substrate recognition by the squaramide unit, while in the fully closed state ligand-ligand interactions are prevented. This results in a catalytically active closed state, whereas in the semi-open state, when the piperidine tertiary amine is deliberately protonated, no catalytic activity is observed. Reversible interconversion between the active fully closed state and the dormant protonated semi-open state is achieved in the presence of substrate upon the concerted addition and abstraction of both a proton and a coordinating elemental anion. In this work, allosteric regulation of catalytic activity is demonstrated for both the Michael addition of nitroethane to β-nitrostyrene and the ring-opening of l-(-)-lactide. Taken together, this work details a potentially generalizable platform for the "on-off" allosteric regulation of a family of HBD-Lewis base co-catalysts capable of catalyzing a broad scope of reactions, including the living ring-opening polymerization of cyclic esters.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Michael McGuirk
- Department of Chemistry , International Institute for Nanotechnology , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208-3113 , USA .
| | - Jose Mendez-Arroyo
- Department of Chemistry , International Institute for Nanotechnology , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208-3113 , USA .
| | - Andrea I d'Aquino
- Department of Chemistry , International Institute for Nanotechnology , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208-3113 , USA .
| | - Charlotte L Stern
- Department of Chemistry , International Institute for Nanotechnology , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208-3113 , USA .
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of Chemistry , International Institute for Nanotechnology , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208-3113 , USA .
| | - Chad A Mirkin
- Department of Chemistry , International Institute for Nanotechnology , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208-3113 , USA .
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