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Grasser MA, Pietsch T, Blasius J, Hollóczki O, Brunner E, Doert T, Ruck M. Coexistence of Tellurium Cations and Anions in Phosphonium-Based Ionic Liquids. Chemistry 2021; 28:e202103770. [PMID: 34890100 PMCID: PMC9304316 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Elemental tellurium readily dissolves in ionic liquids (ILs) based on tetraalkylphosphonium cations even at temperatures below 100 °C. In the case of ILs with acetate, decanoate, or dicyanamide anions, dark red to purple colored solutions form. A study combining NMR, UV‐Vis and Raman spectroscopy revealed the formation of tellurium anions (Ten)2− with chain lengths up to at least n=5, which are in dynamic equilibrium with each other. Since external influences could be excluded and no evidence of an ionic liquid reaction was found, disproportionation of the tellurium is the only possible dissolution mechanism. Although the spectroscopic detection of tellurium cations in these solutions is difficult, the coexistence of tellurium cations, such as (Te4)2+ and (Te6)4+, and tellurium anions could be proven by cyclic voltammetry and electrodeposition experiments. DFT calculations indicate that electrostatic interactions with the ions of the ILs are sufficient to stabilize both types of tellurium ions in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias A Grasser
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Tobias Pietsch
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jan Blasius
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Bonn, Beringstr. 4+6, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Oldamur Hollóczki
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Bonn, Beringstr. 4+6, 53115, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Eike Brunner
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas Doert
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Ruck
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Nöthnitzer Str. 40, 01187, Dresden, Germany
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Esser L, Macchieraldo R, Elfgen R, Sieland M, Smarsly BM, Kirchner B. TiCl 4 Dissolved in Ionic Liquid Mixtures from ab Initio Molecular Dynamics Simulations. Molecules 2020; 26:molecules26010079. [PMID: 33375378 PMCID: PMC7795733 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26010079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
To gain a deeper understanding of the TiCl4 solvation effects in multi-component ionic liquids, we performed ab initio molecular dynamics simulations of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium [C4C1Im]+, tetrafluoroborate [BF4]−, chloride [Cl]− both with and without water and titanium tetrachloride TiCl4. Complex interactions between cations and anions are observed in all investigated systems. By further addition of water and TiCl4 this complex interaction network is extended. Observations of the radial distribution functions and number integrals show that water and TiCl4 not only compete with each other to interact mainly with [Cl]−, which strongly influences the cation-[BF4]− interaction, but also interact with each other, which leads to the fact that in certain systems the cation-anion interaction is enhanced. Further investigations of the Voronoi polyhedra analysis have demonstrated that water has a greater impact on the nanosegregated system than TiCl4 which is also due to the fact of the shear amount of water relative to all other components and its higher mobility compared to TiCl4. Overall, the polar network of the IL mixture collapses by including water and TiCl4. In the case of [Cl]− chloride enters the water continuum, while [BF4]− remains largely unaffected, which deeply affects the interaction of the ionic liquid (IL) network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Esser
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Bonn, Beringstrasse 4+6, D-53115 Bonn, Germany; (L.E.); (R.M.); (R.E.)
| | - Roberto Macchieraldo
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Bonn, Beringstrasse 4+6, D-53115 Bonn, Germany; (L.E.); (R.M.); (R.E.)
| | - Roman Elfgen
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Bonn, Beringstrasse 4+6, D-53115 Bonn, Germany; (L.E.); (R.M.); (R.E.)
| | - Melanie Sieland
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, D-35392 Giessen, Germany; (M.S.); (B.M.S.)
| | - Bernd Michael Smarsly
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, D-35392 Giessen, Germany; (M.S.); (B.M.S.)
| | - Barbara Kirchner
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Bonn, Beringstrasse 4+6, D-53115 Bonn, Germany; (L.E.); (R.M.); (R.E.)
- Correspondence:
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Forge F, Beck J. Double Salts and Mixed Crystals of Tellurium Clusters Te 42+/Te 82+and TeCl 3+Ions with Anions based on Molybdenum and Zirconium (Oxy)chlorides. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201800052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Frank Forge
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Universität Bonn; Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1 53121 Bonn Germany
| | - Johannes Beck
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Universität Bonn; Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1 53121 Bonn Germany
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Santner S, Wolff A, Ruck M, Dehnen S. Multi-Valent Group 14 Chalcogenide Architectures from Ionic Liquids: 0D-{[Cs@Sn II4 (Ge IV4 Se 10 ) 4 ] 7- } and 2D-{[Sn II (Ge IV4 Se 10 )] 2- }. Chemistry 2018; 24:11899-11903. [PMID: 29806888 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201802199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In order to explore if and how salts comprising polycations and salts comprising polyanions might interact, the [AlBr4 ]- salt of the [Pt@Bi10 ]4+ cluster cation was added to the reaction mixture for the synthesis of the supersphere cluster anion [Ge24 Sn36 Se132 ]24- from Cs4 [Ge4 Se10 ]⋅H2 O and SnCl4 ⋅5 H2 O under ionothermal conditions at 120 °C. Indeed, the reaction yields two new compounds, depending on the cation of the used ionic liquid. Apparently, the polycation is not retained under the given conditions, but it acts as a reductant affording SnII . In a (C4 C1 C1 im)+ -based ionic liquid mixture, a unique supertetrahedral anion is obtained that embeds a Cs+ cation, 0D-{[Cs@SnII4 (GeIV4 Se10 )4 ]7- }, while (C4 C1 im)+ cations stabilize an unprecedented ternary layered anion, 2D-{[SnII (GeIV4 Se10 )]2- }. Test reactions with common sources of SnII did not afford the new compounds, indicating the necessity of an in situ reduction, for which the polycation seems appropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silke Santner
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Wolff
- Fakultät für Chemie und Lebensmittelchemie, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Ruck
- Fakultät für Chemie und Lebensmittelchemie, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, 01187, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefanie Dehnen
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, 35032, Marburg, Germany
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Derendorf J, Jenne C, Keßler M. The First Step of the Oxidation of Elemental Sulfur: Crystal Structure of the Homopolyatomic Sulfur Radical Cation [S8
].+. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:8281-8284. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201703083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Janis Derendorf
- Anorganische Chemie, Fakultät für Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften; Bergische Universität Wuppertal; Gaußstr. 20 42119 Wuppertal Germany
| | - Carsten Jenne
- Anorganische Chemie, Fakultät für Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften; Bergische Universität Wuppertal; Gaußstr. 20 42119 Wuppertal Germany
| | - Mathias Keßler
- Anorganische Chemie, Fakultät für Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften; Bergische Universität Wuppertal; Gaußstr. 20 42119 Wuppertal Germany
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Derendorf J, Jenne C, Keßler M. Der erste Schritt der Oxidation elementaren Schwefels - die Struktur des Schwefelradikalkations [S8
].+
im Kristall. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201703083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Janis Derendorf
- Anorganische Chemie, Fakultät für Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften; Bergische Universität Wuppertal; Gaußstraße 20 42119 Wuppertal Deutschland
| | - Carsten Jenne
- Anorganische Chemie, Fakultät für Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften; Bergische Universität Wuppertal; Gaußstraße 20 42119 Wuppertal Deutschland
| | - Mathias Keßler
- Anorganische Chemie, Fakultät für Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften; Bergische Universität Wuppertal; Gaußstraße 20 42119 Wuppertal Deutschland
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Elfgen R, Hollóczki O, Ray P, Groh MF, Ruck M, Kirchner B. Theoretical Investigation of the Te4Br2Molecule in Ionic Liquids. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201600342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roman Elfgen
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry; University of Bonn; Beringstr. 4+6 53115 Bonn Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion; Stiftstr. 34-36 45413 Mühlheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Oldamur Hollóczki
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry; University of Bonn; Beringstr. 4+6 53115 Bonn Germany
| | - Promit Ray
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry; University of Bonn; Beringstr. 4+6 53115 Bonn Germany
| | - Matthias F. Groh
- Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry; Dresden University of Technology; 01062 Dresden Germany
| | - Michael Ruck
- Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry; Dresden University of Technology; 01062 Dresden Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids; Nöthnitzer Str. 40 01187 Dresden Germany
| | - Barbara Kirchner
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry; University of Bonn; Beringstr. 4+6 53115 Bonn Germany
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