1
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Different Chiral Ligands Assisted Enantioselective C-H Functionalization with Transition-Metal Catalysts. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12050537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
C–H bonds are common in organic molecules, and the functionalization of these inactive C–H bonds has become one of the most powerful methods used to assemble complicated bioactive molecules from readily available starting materials. However, a central challenge in these reactions is controlling their stereoselectivity. Recently, significant progress has been made in the development of enantioselective C–H activation enabled by different chiral ligands for the formation of C–C and C–X bonds bearing a chiral center. In this paper, we focus on some archetypal chiral ligands for enantioselective C–H functionalization developed in recent years and analyze the mechanism of these methods, aiming to accelerate related research and to search for more efficient strategies.
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2
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Tian S, Wang C, Xia J, Wan J, Liu Y. Transition Metal‐Free, Free‐Radical Sulfenylation of the α‐C(
sp
3
)−H Bond in Arylacetamides and Its Application Toward 2‐Thiomethyl Benzoxazoles Synthesis. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202100816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shanghui Tian
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Jiangxi Normal University 330022 Nanchang People's Republic of China
| | - Chaoli Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Jiangxi Normal University 330022 Nanchang People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhui Xia
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Jiangxi Normal University 330022 Nanchang People's Republic of China
| | - Jie‐Ping Wan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Jiangxi Normal University 330022 Nanchang People's Republic of China
| | - Yunyun Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Jiangxi Normal University 330022 Nanchang People's Republic of China
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3
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Kapoor M, Singh A, Sharma K, Hua Hsu M. Site‐Selective C(
sp
3
)−H and C(
sp
2
)−H Functionalization of Amines Using a Directing‐Group‐Guided Strategy. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202000689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohit Kapoor
- Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology Chitkara University Punjab India 140401
| | - Adhish Singh
- Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology Chitkara University Punjab India 140401
| | - Kirti Sharma
- Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology Chitkara University Punjab India 140401
| | - Ming Hua Hsu
- Department of Chemistry National Changhua University of Education Taiwan 500, R.O.C Changhua
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4
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Rej S, Chatani N. Rh III -Catalyzed Double Dehydrogenative Coupling of Free 1-Naphthylamines with α,β-Unsaturated Esters. Chemistry 2020; 26:11093-11098. [PMID: 32239540 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202000706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The RhIII -catalyzed, consecutive double C-H oxidative coupling of free 1-naphthylamine and α,β-unsaturated esters through C-H/C-H and C-H/N-H bonds is reported. The one step reaction leads to the formation of biologically important alkylidene-1,2-dihydrobenzo[cd]indoles scaffolds. This efficient process is much more synthetically convenient and useful than others because the starting materials, such as 1-naphthylamine derivatives are readily available and the free amine serves as a directing group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supriya Rej
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Naoto Chatani
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
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5
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Yu Y, Ma L, Xia J, Xin L, Zhu L, Huang X. A Modular Approach to Dibenzo‐fused ϵ‐Lactams: Palladium‐Catalyzed Bridging‐C−H Activation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:18261-18266. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202007799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yinghua Yu
- Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Fujian College Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou Fujian 350002 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Liyao Ma
- Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Fujian College Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou Fujian 350002 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Jiajin Xia
- Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Fujian College Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou Fujian 350002 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Luoting Xin
- Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Fujian College Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou Fujian 350002 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Lei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Fujian College Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou Fujian 350002 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Xueliang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Fujian College Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou Fujian 350002 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
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6
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Yu Y, Ma L, Xia J, Xin L, Zhu L, Huang X. A Modular Approach to Dibenzo‐fused ϵ‐Lactams: Palladium‐Catalyzed Bridging‐C−H Activation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202007799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yinghua Yu
- Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Fujian College Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou Fujian 350002 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Liyao Ma
- Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Fujian College Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou Fujian 350002 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Jiajin Xia
- Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Fujian College Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou Fujian 350002 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Luoting Xin
- Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Fujian College Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou Fujian 350002 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Lei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Fujian College Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou Fujian 350002 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Xueliang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Fujian College Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou Fujian 350002 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
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7
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Kim HS, Lee S. Electrochemical Coupling of Arylsulfonyl Hydrazides and Tertiary Amines for the Synthesis of β-Amidovinyl Sulfones. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201901277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Han-Sung Kim
- Department of Chemistry; Chonnam National University; 61186 Gwangju Republic of Korea
| | - Sunwoo Lee
- Department of Chemistry; Chonnam National University; 61186 Gwangju Republic of Korea
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8
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Carrera C, Denisi A, Cativiela C, Urriolabeitia EP. Functionalized 1,3‐Diaminotruxillic Acids by Pd‐Mediated C–H Activation and [2+2]‐Photocycloaddition of 5(4
H
)‐Oxazolones. Eur J Inorg Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201900548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Clara Carrera
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH) CSIC‐Universidad de Zaragoza Pedro Cerbuna 12 50009 Zaragoza Spain
| | - Antonio Denisi
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH) CSIC‐Universidad de Zaragoza Pedro Cerbuna 12 50009 Zaragoza Spain
| | - Carlos Cativiela
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH) CSIC‐Universidad de Zaragoza Pedro Cerbuna 12 50009 Zaragoza Spain
| | - Esteban P. Urriolabeitia
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH) CSIC‐Universidad de Zaragoza Pedro Cerbuna 12 50009 Zaragoza Spain
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9
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Niu B, Yang K, Lawrence B, Ge H. Transient Ligand-Enabled Transition Metal-Catalyzed C-H Functionalization. CHEMSUSCHEM 2019; 12:2955-2969. [PMID: 30958921 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201900151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Transition metal-catalyzed C-H bond functionalization is among the most efficient and powerful strategies in synthetic organic chemistry to derivatize otherwise inert sites of organic molecules for the construction of C-C and C-heteroatom bonds. However, additional steps are often required to install the directing groups to realize selective C-H bond functionalization of the substrates. These tedious steps run counter to the step-economical nature of the C-H activation. In contrast, direct functionalization of the substrate by using transient ligands avoids the unnecessary steps for the pre-functionalization of the substrates. This Minireview provides a short overview of the major progress made in this field for C-H functionalization at sp2 and sp3 carbon centers with different transient working modes, including covalent, hydrogen, and ionic bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Niu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, 1 Gehu Road, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213164, China
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, 46202, USA
| | - Ke Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, 1 Gehu Road, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213164, China
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, 46202, USA
| | - Brianna Lawrence
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, 46202, USA
| | - Haibo Ge
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, 46202, USA
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10
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Rej S, Chatani N. Rhodiumkatalysierte sp 2‐ und sp 3‐C‐H‐Funktionalisierungen mit entfernbaren dirigierenden Gruppen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201808159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Supriya Rej
- Department of Applied ChemistryFaculty of EngineeringOsaka University, Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Naoto Chatani
- Department of Applied ChemistryFaculty of EngineeringOsaka University, Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
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11
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Rej S, Chatani N. Rhodium-Catalyzed C(sp 2 )- or C(sp 3 )-H Bond Functionalization Assisted by Removable Directing Groups. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:8304-8329. [PMID: 30311719 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201808159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 263] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, transition-metal-catalyzed C-H activation has become a key strategy in the field of organic synthesis. Rhodium complexes are widely used as catalysts in a variety of C-H functionalization reactions because of their high reactivity and selectivity. The availability of a number of rhodium complexes in various oxidation states enables diverse reaction patterns to be obtained. Regioselectivity, an important issue in C-H activation chemistry, can be accomplished by using a directing group to assist the reaction. However, to obtain the target functionalized compounds, it is also necessary to use a directing group that can be easily removed. A wide range of directed C-H functionalization reactions catalyzed by rhodium complexes have been reported to date. In this Review, we discuss Rh-catalyzed C-H functionalization reactions that are aided by the use of a removable directing group such as phenol, amine, aldehyde, ketones, ester, acid, sulfonic acid, and N-heteroaromatic derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supriya Rej
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Naoto Chatani
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
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12
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St John‐Campbell S, Ou AK, Bull JA. Palladium-Catalyzed C(sp 3 )-H Arylation of Primary Amines Using a Catalytic Alkyl Acetal to Form a Transient Directing Group. Chemistry 2018; 24:17838-17843. [PMID: 30255961 PMCID: PMC6391947 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201804515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
C-H Functionalization of amines is a prominent challenge due to the strong complexation of amines to transition metal catalysts, and therefore typically requires derivatization at nitrogen with a directing group. Transient directing groups (TDGs) permit C-H functionalization in a single operation, without needing these additional steps for directing group installation and removal. Here we report a palladium catalyzed γ-C-H arylation of amines using catalytic amounts of alkyl acetals as transient activators (e.g. commercially available (2,2-dimethoxyethoxy)benzene). This simple additive enables arylation of amines with a wide range of aryl iodides. Key structural features of the novel TDG are examined, demonstrating an important role for the masked carbonyl and ether functionalities. Detailed kinetic (RPKA) and mechanistic investigations determine the order in all reagents, and identify cyclopalladation as the turnover limiting step. Finally, the discovery of an unprecedented off-cycle free-amine directed ϵ-cyclopalladation of the arylation product is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahra St John‐Campbell
- Department of ChemistryImperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City CampusWood LaneLondonW12 0BZUK
| | - Alex K. Ou
- Department of ChemistryImperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City CampusWood LaneLondonW12 0BZUK
| | - James A. Bull
- Department of ChemistryImperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City CampusWood LaneLondonW12 0BZUK
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13
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Lin L, Fukagawa S, Sekine D, Tomita E, Yoshino T, Matsunaga S. Chiral Carboxylic Acid Enabled Achiral Rhodium(III)‐Catalyzed Enantioselective C−H Functionalization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:12048-12052. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201807610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luqing Lin
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Hokkaido University Kita-ku Sapporo 060-0812 Japan
| | - Seiya Fukagawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Hokkaido University Kita-ku Sapporo 060-0812 Japan
| | - Daichi Sekine
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Hokkaido University Kita-ku Sapporo 060-0812 Japan
| | - Eiki Tomita
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Hokkaido University Kita-ku Sapporo 060-0812 Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Yoshino
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Hokkaido University Kita-ku Sapporo 060-0812 Japan
| | - Shigeki Matsunaga
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Hokkaido University Kita-ku Sapporo 060-0812 Japan
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14
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Lin L, Fukagawa S, Sekine D, Tomita E, Yoshino T, Matsunaga S. Chiral Carboxylic Acid Enabled Achiral Rhodium(III)‐Catalyzed Enantioselective C−H Functionalization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201807610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Luqing Lin
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Hokkaido University Kita-ku Sapporo 060-0812 Japan
| | - Seiya Fukagawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Hokkaido University Kita-ku Sapporo 060-0812 Japan
| | - Daichi Sekine
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Hokkaido University Kita-ku Sapporo 060-0812 Japan
| | - Eiki Tomita
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Hokkaido University Kita-ku Sapporo 060-0812 Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Yoshino
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Hokkaido University Kita-ku Sapporo 060-0812 Japan
| | - Shigeki Matsunaga
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Hokkaido University Kita-ku Sapporo 060-0812 Japan
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15
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Yan SY, Han YQ, Yao QJ, Nie XL, Liu L, Shi BF. Palladium(II)-Catalyzed Enantioselective Arylation of Unbiased Methylene C(sp3
)−H Bonds Enabled by a 2-Pyridinylisopropyl Auxiliary and Chiral Phosphoric Acids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201804197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Yi Yan
- Department of Chemistry; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Ye-Qiang Han
- Department of Chemistry; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Qi-Jun Yao
- Department of Chemistry; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Xing-Liang Nie
- Department of Chemistry; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Chemistry; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Bing-Feng Shi
- Department of Chemistry; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 China
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-organic Chemistry; Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 China
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16
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Yan SY, Han YQ, Yao QJ, Nie XL, Liu L, Shi BF. Palladium(II)-Catalyzed Enantioselective Arylation of Unbiased Methylene C(sp3
)−H Bonds Enabled by a 2-Pyridinylisopropyl Auxiliary and Chiral Phosphoric Acids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:9093-9097. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201804197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 05/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Yi Yan
- Department of Chemistry; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Ye-Qiang Han
- Department of Chemistry; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Qi-Jun Yao
- Department of Chemistry; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Xing-Liang Nie
- Department of Chemistry; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Chemistry; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Bing-Feng Shi
- Department of Chemistry; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 China
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-organic Chemistry; Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 China
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17
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Chu JCK, Rovis T. Complementary Strategies for Directed C(sp 3 )-H Functionalization: A Comparison of Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Activation, Hydrogen Atom Transfer, and Carbene/Nitrene Transfer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:62-101. [PMID: 29206316 PMCID: PMC5853126 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201703743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 483] [Impact Index Per Article: 80.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The functionalization of C(sp3 )-H bonds streamlines chemical synthesis by allowing the use of simple molecules and providing novel synthetic disconnections. Intensive recent efforts in the development of new reactions based on C-H functionalization have led to its wider adoption across a range of research areas. This Review discusses the strengths and weaknesses of three main approaches: transition-metal-catalyzed C-H activation, 1,n-hydrogen atom transfer, and transition-metal-catalyzed carbene/nitrene transfer, for the directed functionalization of unactivated C(sp3 )-H bonds. For each strategy, the scope, the reactivity of different C-H bonds, the position of the reacting C-H bonds relative to the directing group, and stereochemical outcomes are illustrated with examples in the literature. The aim of this Review is to provide guidance for the use of C-H functionalization reactions and inspire future research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C K Chu
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Tomislav Rovis
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, 3000 Broadway, New York, NY, 10027, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
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18
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Chu JCK, Rovis T. Komplementäre Strategien für die dirigierte C(sp3)-H-Funktionalisierung: ein Vergleich von übergangsmetallkatalysierter Aktivierung, Wasserstoffatomtransfer und Carben- oder Nitrentransfer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201703743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John C. K. Chu
- Department of Chemistry; Colorado State University; Fort Collins CO 80523 USA
| | - Tomislav Rovis
- Department of Chemistry; Columbia University; 3000 Broadway New York NY 10027 USA
- Department of Chemistry; Colorado State University; Fort Collins CO 80523 USA
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19
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Gulia N, Daugulis O. Palladium-Catalyzed Pyrazole-Directed sp 3 C-H Bond Arylation for the Synthesis of β-Phenethylamines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:3630-3634. [PMID: 28233918 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201611407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We have developed a method for palladium-catalyzed, pyrazole-directed sp3 C-H bond arylation by aryl iodides. The reaction employs a Pd(OAc)2 catalyst at 5-10 mol % loading and silver(I) oxide as a halide-removal agent, and it proceeds in acetic acid or acetic acid/hexafluoroisopropanol solvent. Ozonolysis of the pyrazole moiety affords pharmaceutically important β-phenethylamines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurbey Gulia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204-5003, USA.,Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, 14 F. Joliot-Curie, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Olafs Daugulis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204-5003, USA
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20
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Gulia N, Daugulis O. Palladium‐Catalyzed Pyrazole‐Directed sp
3
C−H Bond Arylation for the Synthesis of β‐Phenethylamines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201611407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nurbey Gulia
- Department of Chemistry University of Houston Houston TX 77204-5003 USA
- Department of Chemistry University of Wrocław 14 F. Joliot-Curie 50-383 Wrocław Poland
| | - Olafs Daugulis
- Department of Chemistry University of Houston Houston TX 77204-5003 USA
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21
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Wang H, Tong HR, He G, Chen G. An Enantioselective Bidentate Auxiliary Directed Palladium-Catalyzed Benzylic C−H Arylation of Amines Using a BINOL Phosphate Ligand. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201609337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry; Collaborative Innovation, Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin); Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Hua-Rong Tong
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry; Collaborative Innovation, Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin); Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Gang He
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry; Collaborative Innovation, Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin); Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Gong Chen
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry; Collaborative Innovation, Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin); Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 China
- Department of Chemistry; The Pennsylvania State University; University Park Pennsylvania 16802 USA
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22
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Wang H, Tong HR, He G, Chen G. An Enantioselective Bidentate Auxiliary Directed Palladium-Catalyzed Benzylic C−H Arylation of Amines Using a BINOL Phosphate Ligand. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:15387-15391. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201609337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry; Collaborative Innovation, Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin); Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Hua-Rong Tong
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry; Collaborative Innovation, Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin); Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Gang He
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry; Collaborative Innovation, Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin); Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Gong Chen
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry; Collaborative Innovation, Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin); Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 China
- Department of Chemistry; The Pennsylvania State University; University Park Pennsylvania 16802 USA
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23
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De Sarkar S. Palladiumkatalysierte transannulare C-H-Funktionalisierung alicyclischer Amine. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201604404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Suman De Sarkar
- Department of Chemical Sciences; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata; Mohanpur- 741246 West Bengal Indien
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24
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De Sarkar S. Remote C−H Functionalization by a Palladium-Catalyzed Transannular Approach. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:10558-60. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201604404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Suman De Sarkar
- Department of Chemical Sciences; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata; Mohanpur- 741246 West Bengal India
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25
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Xu Y, Young MC, Wang C, Magness DM, Dong G. Catalytic C(sp
3
)−H Arylation of Free Primary Amines with an
exo
Directing Group Generated In Situ. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:9084-7. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201604268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xu
- Department of Chemistry University of Texas at Austin Austin TX 78712 USA
| | - Michael C. Young
- Department of Chemistry University of Texas at Austin Austin TX 78712 USA
| | - Chengpeng Wang
- Department of Chemistry University of Texas at Austin Austin TX 78712 USA
| | - David M. Magness
- Department of Chemistry University of Texas at Austin Austin TX 78712 USA
| | - Guangbin Dong
- Department of Chemistry University of Texas at Austin Austin TX 78712 USA
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26
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Xu Y, Young MC, Wang C, Magness DM, Dong G. Catalytic C(sp
3
)−H Arylation of Free Primary Amines with an
exo
Directing Group Generated In Situ. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201604268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xu
- Department of Chemistry University of Texas at Austin Austin TX 78712 USA
| | - Michael C. Young
- Department of Chemistry University of Texas at Austin Austin TX 78712 USA
| | - Chengpeng Wang
- Department of Chemistry University of Texas at Austin Austin TX 78712 USA
| | - David M. Magness
- Department of Chemistry University of Texas at Austin Austin TX 78712 USA
| | - Guangbin Dong
- Department of Chemistry University of Texas at Austin Austin TX 78712 USA
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27
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Huang Z, Wang C, Dong G. A Hydrazone-Based exo
-Directing-Group Strategy for β C−H Oxidation of Aliphatic Amines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:5299-303. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201600912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongxing Huang
- Department of Chemistry; University of Texas at Austin; 100 East 24th street Austin TX 78712 USA
| | - Chengpeng Wang
- Department of Chemistry; University of Texas at Austin; 100 East 24th street Austin TX 78712 USA
| | - Guangbin Dong
- Department of Chemistry; University of Texas at Austin; 100 East 24th street Austin TX 78712 USA
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28
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Huang Z, Wang C, Dong G. A Hydrazone-Based exo
-Directing-Group Strategy for β C−H Oxidation of Aliphatic Amines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201600912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongxing Huang
- Department of Chemistry; University of Texas at Austin; 100 East 24th street Austin TX 78712 USA
| | - Chengpeng Wang
- Department of Chemistry; University of Texas at Austin; 100 East 24th street Austin TX 78712 USA
| | - Guangbin Dong
- Department of Chemistry; University of Texas at Austin; 100 East 24th street Austin TX 78712 USA
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