1
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Lichte D, Pirkl N, Heinrich G, Dutta S, Goebel JF, Koley D, Gooßen LJ. Palladium-Catalyzed para-C-H Arylation of Anilines with Aromatic Halides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202210009. [PMID: 36112053 PMCID: PMC9828783 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202210009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Controlling regioselectivity in C-H functionalizations is a key challenge in chemical method development. In arenes, functionalizations are most difficult to direct towards the C-H group furthest away from a substituent, in its para position. We herein demonstrate how the para-C-H arylation of anilines with non-activated aryl halides, elusive to date, is achieved by a base-assisted "metalla-tautomerism" approach. A proton is abstracted from the aniline substrate and replaced by an arylpalladium species, generated from the aryl halide coupling partner. In this step, the palladium is directed away from the N- to the tautomeric para-C-H position by a large phosphine ligand combined with a triphenylmethyl shielding group. The triphenylmethyl group is easily installed and removed, and can be recycled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Lichte
- Fakultät für Chemie und BiochemieRuhr-Universität BochumUniversitätsstraße 15044801BochumGermany
| | - Nico Pirkl
- Fakultät für Chemie und BiochemieRuhr-Universität BochumUniversitätsstraße 15044801BochumGermany
| | - Gregor Heinrich
- Fakultät für Chemie und BiochemieRuhr-Universität BochumUniversitätsstraße 15044801BochumGermany
| | - Sayan Dutta
- Department of Chemical SciencesIndian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER)Kolkata, Mohanpur 741 246India
| | - Jonas F. Goebel
- Fakultät für Chemie und BiochemieRuhr-Universität BochumUniversitätsstraße 15044801BochumGermany
| | - Debasis Koley
- Department of Chemical SciencesIndian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER)Kolkata, Mohanpur 741 246India
| | - Lukas J. Gooßen
- Fakultät für Chemie und BiochemieRuhr-Universität BochumUniversitätsstraße 15044801BochumGermany
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2
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Miura H, Hirata R, Tomoya T, Shishido T. Electrophilic C(sp
2
)−H Silylation by Supported Gold Catalysts. ChemCatChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202101123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Miura
- Department of Applied Chemistry for Environment Graduate School of Urban Environmental Sciences Tokyo Metropolitan University 1-1 Minami-Osawa Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397 Japan
- Research Center for Hydrogen Energy-based Society 1-1 Minami-Osawa Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397 Japan
- Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts & Batteries Kyoto University 1-30 Goryo-Ohara Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8245 Japan
| | - Ryuji Hirata
- Department of Applied Chemistry for Environment Graduate School of Urban Environmental Sciences Tokyo Metropolitan University 1-1 Minami-Osawa Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397 Japan
| | - Toyomasu Tomoya
- Department of Applied Chemistry for Environment Graduate School of Urban Environmental Sciences Tokyo Metropolitan University 1-1 Minami-Osawa Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397 Japan
| | - Tetsuya Shishido
- Department of Applied Chemistry for Environment Graduate School of Urban Environmental Sciences Tokyo Metropolitan University 1-1 Minami-Osawa Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397 Japan
- Research Center for Hydrogen Energy-based Society 1-1 Minami-Osawa Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397 Japan
- Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts & Batteries Kyoto University 1-30 Goryo-Ohara Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8245 Japan
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3
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Fang H, Xie K, Kemper S, Oestreich M. Aufeinanderfolgende β,β′‐selektive C(sp
3
)‐H‐Silylierung von tertiären Aminen mit Dihydrosilanen katalysiert durch B(C
6
F
5
)
3. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202016664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Huaquan Fang
- Institut für Chemie Technische Universität Berlin Straße des 17. Juni 115 10623 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Kaixue Xie
- Institut für Chemie Technische Universität Berlin Straße des 17. Juni 115 10623 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Sebastian Kemper
- Institut für Chemie Technische Universität Berlin Straße des 17. Juni 115 10623 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Martin Oestreich
- Institut für Chemie Technische Universität Berlin Straße des 17. Juni 115 10623 Berlin Deutschland
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4
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Fang H, Xie K, Kemper S, Oestreich M. Consecutive β,β'-Selective C(sp 3 )-H Silylation of Tertiary Amines with Dihydrosilanes Catalyzed by B(C 6 F 5 ) 3. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:8542-8546. [PMID: 33604987 PMCID: PMC8048813 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202016664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane has been found to catalyze the two-fold C(sp3 )-H silylation of various trialkylamine derivatives with dihydrosilanes, furnishing the corresponding 4-silapiperidines in decent yields. The multi-step reaction cascade involves amine-to-enamine dehydrogenation at two alkyl residues and two electrophilic silylation reactions of those enamines, one inter- and one intramolecular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaquan Fang
- Institut für ChemieTechnische Universität BerlinStrasse des 17. Juni 11510623BerlinGermany
| | - Kaixue Xie
- Institut für ChemieTechnische Universität BerlinStrasse des 17. Juni 11510623BerlinGermany
| | - Sebastian Kemper
- Institut für ChemieTechnische Universität BerlinStrasse des 17. Juni 11510623BerlinGermany
| | - Martin Oestreich
- Institut für ChemieTechnische Universität BerlinStrasse des 17. Juni 11510623BerlinGermany
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5
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You Q, Zhang J, Zhou X. Modification of Yttrium Silyl‐Bridged Amide Alkyl Complexes through Si−H/C−H Cross‐Dehydrocoupling of Silanes with a Silylamino Ligand: Synthesis, Reactivity, and Mechanism. Chemistry 2020; 26:7702-7710. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qing You
- Department of ChemistryShanghai Key Laboratory of, Molecular Catalysis and Innovative MaterialsFudan University Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of ChemistryShanghai Key Laboratory of, Molecular Catalysis and Innovative MaterialsFudan University Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
| | - Xigeng Zhou
- Department of ChemistryShanghai Key Laboratory of, Molecular Catalysis and Innovative MaterialsFudan University Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
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6
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Kai Y, Oku S, Tani T, Sakurai K, Tsuchimoto T. A Drastic Effect of TEMPO in Zinc‐Catalyzed Stannylation of Terminal Alkynes with Hydrostannanes via Dehydrogenation and Oxidative Dehydrogenation. Adv Synth Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201900540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Kai
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science and TechnologyMeiji University, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku Kawasaki 214-8571 Japan
| | - Shinya Oku
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science and TechnologyMeiji University, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku Kawasaki 214-8571 Japan
| | - Tomohiro Tani
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science and TechnologyMeiji University, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku Kawasaki 214-8571 Japan
| | - Kyoko Sakurai
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science and TechnologyMeiji University, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku Kawasaki 214-8571 Japan
| | - Teruhisa Tsuchimoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science and TechnologyMeiji University, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku Kawasaki 214-8571 Japan
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7
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Ma Y, Lou S, Luo G, Luo Y, Zhan G, Nishiura M, Luo Y, Hou Z. B(C
6
F
5
)
3
/Amine‐Catalyzed C(sp)−H Silylation of Terminal Alkynes with Hydrosilanes: Experimental and Theoretical Studies. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:15222-15226. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201809533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhong Ma
- Organometallic Chemistry LaboratoryRIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Shao‐Jie Lou
- Advanced Catalysis Research GroupRIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Gen Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Fine ChemicalsSchool of Chemical EngineeringDalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China
| | - Yong Luo
- Organometallic Chemistry LaboratoryRIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Gu Zhan
- Organometallic Chemistry LaboratoryRIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Masayoshi Nishiura
- Organometallic Chemistry LaboratoryRIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan
- Advanced Catalysis Research GroupRIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Yi Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Fine ChemicalsSchool of Chemical EngineeringDalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China
| | - Zhaomin Hou
- Organometallic Chemistry LaboratoryRIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan
- Advanced Catalysis Research GroupRIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan
- State Key Laboratory of Fine ChemicalsSchool of Chemical EngineeringDalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China
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8
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Minami Y, Hiyama T. Designing Cross-Coupling Reactions using Aryl(trialkyl)silanes. Chemistry 2018; 25:391-399. [PMID: 30024650 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201803213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Organo(trialkyl)silanes have several advantages, including high stability, low toxicity, good solubility, easy handling, and ready availability compared with heteroatom-substituted silanes. However, methods for the cross-coupling of organo(trialkyl)silanes are limited, most probably because of their exceeding robustness. Thus, a practical method for the cross-coupling of organo(trialkyl)silanes has been a long-standing challenging research target. This article discusses how aryl(trialkyl)silanes can be used in cross-coupling reactions. A pioneering example is CuII catalytic conditions with the use of electron-accepting aryl- or heteroaryl(triethyl)silanes and aryl iodides. The reaction forms biaryls or teraryls. This design concept can be extended to Pd/CuII -catalyzed cross-coupling polymerization reactions between such silanes and aryl bromides or chlorides and to CuI -catalyzed alkylation using alkyl halides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasunori Minami
- Research and Development Initiative, Chuo University, 1-13-27, Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 112-8551, Japan
| | - Tamejiro Hiyama
- Research and Development Initiative, Chuo University, 1-13-27, Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 112-8551, Japan
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9
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Ma Y, Lou S, Luo G, Luo Y, Zhan G, Nishiura M, Luo Y, Hou Z. B(C
6
F
5
)
3
/Amine‐Catalyzed C(sp)−H Silylation of Terminal Alkynes with Hydrosilanes: Experimental and Theoretical Studies. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201809533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhong Ma
- Organometallic Chemistry LaboratoryRIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Shao‐Jie Lou
- Advanced Catalysis Research GroupRIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Gen Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Fine ChemicalsSchool of Chemical EngineeringDalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China
| | - Yong Luo
- Organometallic Chemistry LaboratoryRIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Gu Zhan
- Organometallic Chemistry LaboratoryRIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Masayoshi Nishiura
- Organometallic Chemistry LaboratoryRIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan
- Advanced Catalysis Research GroupRIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Yi Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Fine ChemicalsSchool of Chemical EngineeringDalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China
| | - Zhaomin Hou
- Organometallic Chemistry LaboratoryRIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan
- Advanced Catalysis Research GroupRIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan
- State Key Laboratory of Fine ChemicalsSchool of Chemical EngineeringDalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China
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10
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Murai M, Nishinaka N, Takai K. Iridium-Catalyzed Sequential Silylation and Borylation of Heteroarenes Based on Regioselective C-H Bond Activation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:5843-5847. [PMID: 29573532 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201801229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
An iridium-catalyzed regioselective sequential silylation and borylation of heteroarenes was developed, which represents a rare example of unsymmetrical intermolecular C-H bond difunctionalization through the introduction of two different functionalities during a one-pot transformation. Although the substrate scope for the dehydrogenative silylation of heteroarenes has been limited mainly to electron-rich five-membered rings, the current reaction proceeds with both electron-rich and electron-deficient heteroarenes with the aid of heteroatom-directing C-H bond activation. The regioselectivity of the second borylation was controlled by both steric factors and the electronic effect of the silyl group installed in the first step. In combination with the classic cross-coupling reaction, this method provides rapid access to multisubstituted heteroarenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahito Murai
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushimanaka, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Naoki Nishinaka
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushimanaka, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Takai
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushimanaka, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
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11
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Murai M, Nishinaka N, Takai K. Iridium-Catalyzed Sequential Silylation and Borylation of Heteroarenes Based on Regioselective C−H Bond Activation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201801229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Masahito Murai
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology; Okayama University; 3-1-1 Tsushimanaka, Kita-ku Okayama 700-8530 Japan
| | - Naoki Nishinaka
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology; Okayama University; 3-1-1 Tsushimanaka, Kita-ku Okayama 700-8530 Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Takai
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology; Okayama University; 3-1-1 Tsushimanaka, Kita-ku Okayama 700-8530 Japan
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12
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Maji A, Guin S, Feng S, Dahiya A, Singh VK, Liu P, Maiti D. Experimental and Computational Exploration of para-Selective Silylation with a Hydrogen-Bonded Template. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:14903-14907. [PMID: 28986959 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201708449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The regioselective conversion of C-H bonds into C-Si bonds is extremely important owing to the natural abundance and non-toxicity of silicon. Classical silylation reactions often suffer from poor functional group compatibility, low atom economy, and insufficient regioselectivity. Herein, we disclose a template-assisted method for the regioselective para silylation of toluene derivatives. A new template was designed, and the origin of selectivity was analyzed experimentally and computationally. An interesting substrate-solvent hydrogen-bonding interaction was observed. Kinetic, spectroscopic, and computational studies shed light on the reaction mechanism. The synthetic significance of this strategy was highlighted by the generation of a precursor of a potential lipophilic bioisostere of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), various late-stage diversifications, and by mimicking enzymatic transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Maji
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, India
| | - Srimanta Guin
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, India
| | - Sheng Feng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Amit Dahiya
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, India
| | - Vikas Kumar Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, India
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Debabrata Maiti
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, India
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13
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Maji A, Guin S, Feng S, Dahiya A, Singh VK, Liu P, Maiti D. Experimental and Computational Exploration of
para
‐Selective Silylation with a Hydrogen‐Bonded Template. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201708449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Arun Maji
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Bombay India
| | - Srimanta Guin
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Bombay India
| | - Sheng Feng
- Department of Chemistry University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA 15260 USA
- Department of Chemistry Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Amit Dahiya
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Bombay India
| | | | - Peng Liu
- Department of Chemistry University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA 15260 USA
| | - Debabrata Maiti
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Bombay India
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14
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Murai M, Okada R, Asako S, Takai K. Rhodium-Catalyzed Silylative and Germylative Cyclization with Dehydrogenation Leading to 9-Sila- and 9-Germafluorenes: A Combined Experimental and Computational Mechanistic Study. Chemistry 2017; 23:10861-10870. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201701579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masahito Murai
- Division of Applied Chemistry; Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology; Okayama University; 3-1-1 Tsushimanaka, Kita-ku Okayama 700-8530 Japan
| | - Ryo Okada
- Division of Applied Chemistry; Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology; Okayama University; 3-1-1 Tsushimanaka, Kita-ku Okayama 700-8530 Japan
| | - Sobi Asako
- Division of Applied Chemistry; Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology; Okayama University; 3-1-1 Tsushimanaka, Kita-ku Okayama 700-8530 Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Takai
- Division of Applied Chemistry; Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology; Okayama University; 3-1-1 Tsushimanaka, Kita-ku Okayama 700-8530 Japan
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15
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Yin Q, Klare HFT, Oestreich M. Catalytic Friedel-Crafts C-H Borylation of Electron-Rich Arenes: Dramatic Rate Acceleration by Added Alkenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:3712-3717. [PMID: 28244623 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201611536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
In the electrophilic C-H borylation of electron-rich aromatic compounds with catecholborane, the catalytic generation of the boron electrophile is initiated by heterolysis of the B-H bond by various Lewis and Brønsted acids, with a boronium ion formed exclusively. After ligand dissociation, the corresponding borenium ion undergoes regioselective electrophilic aromatic substitution on aniline derivatives as well as nitrogen-containing heterocycles. The catalysis is optimized using B(C6 F5 )3 as the initiator and proceeds without the addition of an external base or dihydrogen acceptor. Temperatures above 80 °C are generally required to secure efficient turnover in these Friedel-Crafts-type reactions. Mechanistic experiments reveal that regeneration of the boronium/borenium ion with dihydrogen release is rate-determining. This finding finally led to the discovery that, with added alkenes, catalytic C-H borylations can, for the first time, be carried out at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Yin
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hendrik F T Klare
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Oestreich
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623, Berlin, Germany
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16
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Yin Q, Klare HFT, Oestreich M. Katalytische Friedel‐Crafts‐C‐H‐Borylierung elektronenreicher Arene: starke Reaktionsbeschleunigung durch Versetzen mit Alkenen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201611536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qin Yin
- Institut für Chemie Technische Universität Berlin Straße des 17. Juni 115 10623 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Hendrik F. T. Klare
- Institut für Chemie Technische Universität Berlin Straße des 17. Juni 115 10623 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Martin Oestreich
- Institut für Chemie Technische Universität Berlin Straße des 17. Juni 115 10623 Berlin Deutschland
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17
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Lipke MC, Liberman-Martin AL, Tilley TD. Elektrophile Aktivierung von Silicium-Wasserstoff- Bindungen in katalytischen Hydrosilierungen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201605198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark C. Lipke
- Department of Chemie; University of California, Berkeley; Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | | | - T. Don Tilley
- Department of Chemie; University of California, Berkeley; Berkeley CA 94720 USA
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18
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Lipke MC, Liberman-Martin AL, Tilley TD. Electrophilic Activation of Silicon-Hydrogen Bonds in Catalytic Hydrosilations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:2260-2294. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201605198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark C. Lipke
- Department of Chemistry; University of California, Berkeley; Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | | | - T. Don Tilley
- Department of Chemistry; University of California, Berkeley; Berkeley CA 94720 USA
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19
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Fasano V, Radcliffe JE, Curless LD, Ingleson MJ. N-Methyl-Benzothiazolium Salts as Carbon Lewis Acids for Si-H σ-Bond Activation and Catalytic (De)hydrosilylation. Chemistry 2017; 23:187-193. [PMID: 27780294 PMCID: PMC5396135 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201604613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
N-Me-Benzothiazolium salts are introduced as a new family of Lewis acids able to activate Si-H σ bonds. These carbon-centred Lewis acids were demonstrated to have comparable Lewis acidity towards hydride as found for the triarylboranes widely used in Si-H σ-bond activation. However, they display low Lewis acidity towards hard Lewis bases such as Et3 PO and H2 O in contrast to triarylboranes. The N-Me-benzothiazolium salts are effective catalysts for a range of hydrosilylation and dehydrosilylation reactions. Judicious selection of the C2 aryl substituent in these cations enables tuning of the steric and electronic environment around the electrophilic centre to generate more active catalysts. Finally, related benzoxazolium and benzimidazolium salts were found also to be active for Si-H bond activation and as catalysts for the hydrosilylation of imines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerio Fasano
- School of ChemistryUniversity of ManchesterManchesterM13 9PLUK
| | | | - Liam D. Curless
- School of ChemistryUniversity of ManchesterManchesterM13 9PLUK
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Elektrophile aromatische Substitution mit Siliciumelektrophilen: die katalytische Friedel‐Crafts‐C‐H‐Silylierung. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201608470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Bähr S, Oestreich M. Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution with Silicon Electrophiles: Catalytic Friedel-Crafts C-H Silylation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 56:52-59. [PMID: 27762042 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201608470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Electrophilic aromatic substitution is a fundamental reaction in synthetic chemistry. It converts C-H bonds of sufficiently nucleophilic arenes into C-X and C-C bonds using either stoichiometrically added or catalytically generated electrophiles. These reactions proceed through Wheland complexes, cationic intermediates that rearomatize by proton release. Hence, these high-energy intermediates are nothing but protonated arenes and as such strong Brønsted acids. The formation of protons is an issue in those rare cases where the electrophilic aromatic substitution is reversible. This situation arises in the electrophilic silylation of C-H bonds as the energy of the intermediate Wheland complex is lowered by the β-silicon effect. As a consequence, protonation of the silylated arene is facile, and the reverse reaction usually occurs to afford the desilylated arene. Several new approaches to overcome this inherent challenge of C-H silylation by SE Ar were recently disclosed, and this Minireview summarizes this progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Bähr
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Oestreich
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623, Berlin, Germany
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Komiyama T, Minami Y, Hiyama T. Aryl(triethyl)silanes for Biaryl and Teraryl Synthesis by Copper(II)-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:15787-15791. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201608667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Revised: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Komiyama
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Chuo University; Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 112-8551 Japan
| | - Yasunori Minami
- Research and Development Initiative; Chuo University; Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 112-8551 Japan
| | - Tamejiro Hiyama
- Research and Development Initiative; Chuo University; Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 112-8551 Japan
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Komiyama T, Minami Y, Hiyama T. Aryl(triethyl)silanes for Biaryl and Teraryl Synthesis by Copper(II)-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201608667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Komiyama
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Chuo University; Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 112-8551 Japan
| | - Yasunori Minami
- Research and Development Initiative; Chuo University; Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 112-8551 Japan
| | - Tamejiro Hiyama
- Research and Development Initiative; Chuo University; Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 112-8551 Japan
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Guo L, Chatupheeraphat A, Rueping M. Decarbonylative Silylation of Esters by Combined Nickel and Copper Catalysis for the Synthesis of Arylsilanes and Heteroarylsilanes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:11810-3. [PMID: 27560460 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201604696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
An efficient nickel/copper-catalyzed decarbonylative silylation reaction of carboxylic acid esters with silylboranes is described. This reaction provides access to structurally diverse silanes with high efficiency and excellent functional-group tolerance starting from readily available esters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Guo
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Adisak Chatupheeraphat
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Magnus Rueping
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany. .,King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
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Guo L, Chatupheeraphat A, Rueping M. Decarbonylative Silylation of Esters by Combined Nickel and Copper Catalysis for the Synthesis of Arylsilanes and Heteroarylsilanes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201604696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Guo
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; RWTH Aachen University; Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Adisak Chatupheeraphat
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; RWTH Aachen University; Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Magnus Rueping
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; RWTH Aachen University; Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST); KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC); Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
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Yin Q, Kemper S, Klare HFT, Oestreich M. Boron Lewis Acid-Catalyzed Hydroboration of Alkenes with Pinacolborane: BAr F3 Does What B(C 6 F 5 ) 3 Cannot Do! Chemistry 2016; 22:13840-13844. [PMID: 27447683 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201603466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The transition-metal-free hydroboration of various alkenes with pinacolborane (HBpin) initiated by tris[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]borane (BArF3 ) is reported. The choice of the boron Lewis acid is crucial as the more prominent boron Lewis acid tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane (B(C6 F5 )3 ) is reluctant to react. Unlike B(C6 F5 )3 , BArF3 is found to engage in substituent redistribution with HBpin, resulting in the formation of ArF Bpin and the electron-deficient diboranes [H2 BArF ]2 and [(ArF )(H)B(μ-H)2 BArF2 ]. These in situ-generated hydroboranes undergo regioselective hydroboration of styrene derivatives as well as aliphatic alkenes with cis diastereoselectivity. Another ligand metathesis of these adducts with HBpin subsequently affords the corresponding HBpin-derived anti-Markovnikov adducts. The reactive hydroboranes are regenerated in this step, thereby closing the catalytic cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Yin
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Kemper
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hendrik F T Klare
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Martin Oestreich
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623, Berlin, Germany.
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