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Brunner J, Maier B, Rosenberg R, Sturm S, Cölfen H, Sturm EV. Nonclassical Recrystallization. Chemistry 2020; 26:15242-15248. [PMID: 32569441 PMCID: PMC7756702 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Applications in the fields of materials science and nanotechnology increasingly demand monodisperse nanoparticles in size and shape. Up to now, no general purification procedure exists to thoroughly narrow the size and shape distributions of nanoparticles. Here, we show by analytical ultracentrifugation (AUC) as an absolute and quantitative high‐resolution method that multiple recrystallizations of nanocrystals to mesocrystals is a very efficient tool to generate nanocrystals with an excellent and so‐far unsurpassed size‐distribution (PDIc=1.0001) and shape. Similar to the crystallization of molecular building blocks, nonclassical recrystallization removes “colloidal” impurities (i.e., nanoparticles, which are different in shape and size from the majority) by assembling them into a mesocrystal. In the case of nanocrystals, this assembly can be size‐ and shape‐selective, since mesocrystals show both long‐range packing ordering and preferable crystallographic orientation of nanocrystals. Besides the generation of highly monodisperse nanoparticles, these findings provide highly relevant insights into the crystallization of mesocrystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Brunner
- Physical Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Britta Maier
- Physical Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Rose Rosenberg
- Physical Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Sebastian Sturm
- Institute for Solid State Research, Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden, Helmholzstraße 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Helmut Cölfen
- Physical Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Elena V Sturm
- Physical Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
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Wawra SE, Pflug L, Thajudeen T, Kryschi C, Stingl M, Peukert W. Determination of the two-dimensional distributions of gold nanorods by multiwavelength analytical ultracentrifugation. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4898. [PMID: 30464237 PMCID: PMC6249260 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07366-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Properties of nanoparticles are influenced by various parameters like size, shape or composition. Comprehensive high throughput characterization techniques are urgently needed to improve synthesis, scale up to production and make way for new applications of multidimensional particulate systems. In this study, we present a method for measuring two-dimensional size distributions of plasmonic nanorods in a single experiment. Analytical ultracentrifuge equipped with a multiwavelength extinction detector is used to record the optical and sedimentation properties of gold nanorods simultaneously. A combination of sedimentation and extinction properties, both depending on diameter and length of the dispersed nanorods, is used to measure two-dimensional distributions of gold nanorod samples. The length, diameter, aspect ratio, volume, surface and cross-sectional distributions can be readily obtained from these results. As the technique can be extended to other non-spherical plasmonic particles and can be used for determining relative amounts of particles of different shapes it provides complete and quantitative insights into particulate systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon E Wawra
- Institute of Particle Technology (LFG), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Cauerstrasse 4, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lukas Pflug
- Mathematical Optimization, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Cauerstrasse 11, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thaseem Thajudeen
- Institute of Particle Technology (LFG), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Cauerstrasse 4, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Functional Particle Systems (FPS), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Haberstrasse 9a, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
- School of Mechanical Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Goa, Ponda, 403401, India
| | - Carola Kryschi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Stingl
- Mathematical Optimization, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Cauerstrasse 11, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Peukert
- Institute of Particle Technology (LFG), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Cauerstrasse 4, 91058, Erlangen, Germany.
- Interdisciplinary Center for Functional Particle Systems (FPS), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Haberstrasse 9a, 91058, Erlangen, Germany.
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