1
|
Zhang J, Jiao M, Lu Z, Lu H, Wang M, Shi Z. Hydrodeuteroalkylation of Unactivated Olefins Using Thianthrenium Salts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024:e202409862. [PMID: 38866703 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202409862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Isotopically labeled alkanes play a crucial role in organic and pharmaceutical chemistry. While some deuterated methylating agents are readily available, the limited accessibility of other deuteroalkyl reagents has hindered the synthesis of corresponding products. In this study, we introduce a nickel-catalyzed system that facilitates the synthesis of various deuterium-labeled alkanes through the hydrodeuteroalkylation of d2-labeled alkyl TT salts with unactivated alkenes. Diverging from traditional deuterated alkyl reagents, alkyl thianthrenium (TT) salts can effectively and selectively introduce deuterium at α position of alkyl chains using D2O as the deuterium source via a single-step pH-dependent hydrogen isotope exchange (HIE). Our method allows for high deuterium incorporation, and offers precise control over the site of deuterium insertion within an alkyl chain. This technique proves to be invaluable for the synthesis of various deuterium-labeled compounds, especially those of pharmaceutical relevance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Mengjie Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Zheng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
- Jiangsu Nata Opto-electronic Material Co., Ltd., Suzhou, 215126, China
| | - Hongjian Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Minyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Zhuangzhi Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, 210023, Nanjing, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Han D, Sun J, Jin J. Picolinamide Ligands: Nickel-Catalyzed Reductive Cross-Coupling of Aryl Bromides with Bromocyclopropane and Beyond. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202201132. [PMID: 36479828 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202201132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The arylcyclopropane motif as the combination of aryl and cyclopropyl ring systems can be found in an increasing amount of approved and investigational drugs. Herein, we have developed a mild, efficient nickel-catalyzed reductive cross-coupling protocol, featuring a simple Ni(II) precatalyst and a novel picolinamide NN2 pincer ligand. A variety of (hetero)aryl bromides could successfully couple with cyclopropyl bromide to furnish the valued arylcyclopropanes in good to excellent yields. This method is applicable to other alkyl bromides as well. Notably, the reaction is tolerant of a broad range of functionalities including free amines. Furthermore, the synthesis of several significant intermediates of bioactive molecules was achieved in grams, proving the practicability of this method.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongyang Han
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jie Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jian Jin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wu MC, Li MZ, Chen YX, Liu F, Xiao JA, Chen K, Xiang HY, Yang H. Photoredox-Catalyzed C–H Trideuteromethylation of Quinoxalin-2(1 H)-ones with CDCl 3 as the “CD 3” source. Org Lett 2022; 24:6412-6416. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Chun Wu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huaihua University, Huaihua 418008, P. R. China
| | - Ming-Zhi Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Xuan Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Fang Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Jun-An Xiao
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, P. R. China
| | - Kai Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Hao-Yue Xiang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, P. R. China
| | - Hua Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Steverlynck J, Sitdikov R, Rueping M. The Deuterated "Magic Methyl" Group: A Guide to Site-Selective Trideuteromethyl Incorporation and Labeling by Using CD 3 Reagents. Chemistry 2021; 27:11751-11772. [PMID: 34076925 PMCID: PMC8457246 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In the field of medicinal chemistry, the precise installation of a trideuteromethyl group is gaining ever-increasing attention. Site-selective incorporation of the deuterated "magic methyl" group can provide profound pharmacological benefits and can be considered an important tool for drug optimization and development. This review provides a structured overview, according to trideuteromethylation reagent, of currently established methods for site-selective trideuteromethylation of carbon atoms. In addition to CD3 , the selective introduction of CD2 H and CDH2 groups is also considered. For all methods, the corresponding mechanism and scope are discussed whenever reported. As such, this review can be a starting point for synthetic chemists to further advance trideuteromethylation methodologies. At the same time, this review aims to be a guide for medicinal chemists, offering them the available C-CD3 formation strategies for the preparation of new or modified drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joost Steverlynck
- Kaust Catalysis Center (KCC)King Abdullah University Science and Technology (KAUST)Thuwal23955-6900Saudi Arabia
| | - Ruzal Sitdikov
- Kaust Catalysis Center (KCC)King Abdullah University Science and Technology (KAUST)Thuwal23955-6900Saudi Arabia
| | - Magnus Rueping
- Kaust Catalysis Center (KCC)King Abdullah University Science and Technology (KAUST)Thuwal23955-6900Saudi Arabia
- Institute for Experimental Molecular ImagingRWTH Aachen UniversityForckenbeckstrasse 5552074Aachen
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ni S, Hribersek M, Baddigam SK, Ingner FJL, Orthaber A, Gates PJ, Pilarski LT. Mechanochemical Solvent-Free Catalytic C-H Methylation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:6660-6666. [PMID: 33031646 PMCID: PMC7986365 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202010202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The mechanochemical, solvent-free, highly regioselective, rhodium-catalyzed C-H methylation of (hetero)arenes is reported. The reaction shows excellent functional-group compatibility and is demonstrated to work for the late-stage C-H methylation of biologically active compounds. The method requires no external heating and benefits from considerably shorter reaction times than previous solution-based C-H methylation protocols. Additionally, the mechanochemical approach is shown to enable the efficient synthesis of organometallic complexes that are difficult to generate conventionally.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shengjun Ni
- Department of Chemistry—BMCUppsala UniversityBox 57675123UppsalaSweden
| | - Matic Hribersek
- Department of Chemistry—BMCUppsala UniversityBox 57675123UppsalaSweden
| | | | | | - Andreas Orthaber
- Department of Chemistry—Ångström LaboratoriesUppsala UniversityBox 52375120UppsalaSweden
| | - Paul J. Gates
- School of ChemistryUniversity of BristolCantock's Close, CliftonBristolBS8 1TSUK
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ni S, Hribersek M, Baddigam SK, Ingner FJL, Orthaber A, Gates PJ, Pilarski LT. Mechanochemical Solvent‐Free Catalytic C−H Methylation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202010202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shengjun Ni
- Department of Chemistry—BMC Uppsala University Box 576 75123 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Matic Hribersek
- Department of Chemistry—BMC Uppsala University Box 576 75123 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Swarna K. Baddigam
- Department of Chemistry—BMC Uppsala University Box 576 75123 Uppsala Sweden
| | | | - Andreas Orthaber
- Department of Chemistry—Ångström Laboratories Uppsala University Box 523 75120 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Paul J. Gates
- School of Chemistry University of Bristol Cantock's Close, Clifton Bristol BS8 1TS UK
| | - Lukasz T. Pilarski
- Department of Chemistry—BMC Uppsala University Box 576 75123 Uppsala Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Liu Z, Ren X, Wang P. A practical synthesis of deuterated methylamine and dimethylamine. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/1747519820969636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, several deuterated drugs have entered clinical trials and have been approved for use. Deuterated methylamine and dimethylamine as important intermediates play significant roles in the preparation of deuterated drugs. In this study, we have developed a new method to prepare deuterated methylamine and dimethylamine. This method employs Boc-benzylamine as the starting material and TsOCD3 as the deuterated methylation reagent. Our method gives relatively high yields and involves simple purifications, which provide a favourable supplement for the development and synthesis of deuterated drugs in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaogang Liu
- School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. of China
- Jiangsu Simcere Pharmaceutical Company, Nanjing, P.R. of China
| | - Xiangyu Ren
- School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. of China
| | - Peng Wang
- School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. of China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Chen Y. Recent Advances in Methylation: A Guide for Selecting Methylation Reagents. Chemistry 2018; 25:3405-3439. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201803642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yantao Chen
- Medicinal Chemistry, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, IMED Biotech UnitAstraZeneca Gothenburg Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Niroomand Hosseini F, Nabavizadeh SM, Abu-Omar MM. Which is the Stronger Nucleophile, Platinum or Nitrogen in Rollover Cycloplatinated(II) Complexes? Inorg Chem 2017; 56:14706-14713. [PMID: 29154540 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b02678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The rollover cyclometalated platinum(II) complexes [PtMe(2,X'-bpy-H)(PPh3)], (X = 2, 1a; X = 3, 1b; and X = 4, 1c) containing two potential nucleophilic centers have been investigated to elucidate which center is the stronger nucleophile toward methyl iodide. On the basis of DFT calculations, complexes 1b and 1c are predicted reacting with MeI through the free nitrogen donor to form N-methylated platinum(II) complexes, while complex 1a reacts through oxidative addition on platinum to give a platinum(IV) complex, which is in agreement with experimental findings. The reasons for this difference in selectivity for complexes 1a-1c are discussed based on the energy barrier needed for N-methylation versus oxidative addition reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - S Masoud Nabavizadeh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California , Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States.,Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shiraz University , Shiraz 71467-13565, Iran
| | - Mahdi M Abu-Omar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California , Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Heijnen D, Tosi F, Vila C, Stuart MCA, Elsinga PH, Szymanski W, Feringa BL. Oxygen Activated, Palladium Nanoparticle Catalyzed, Ultrafast Cross-Coupling of Organolithium Reagents. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201700417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dorus Heijnen
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry; University of Groningen; Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Filippo Tosi
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry; University of Groningen; Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Carlos Vila
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry; University of Groningen; Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Marc C. A. Stuart
- Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute; University of Groningen; Nijenborgh 7 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Philip H. Elsinga
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging; University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen; Hanzeplein 1 9713 GZ Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Wiktor Szymanski
- Department of Radiology; University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen; Hanzeplein 1 9713 GZ Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Ben L. Feringa
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry; University of Groningen; Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Heijnen D, Tosi F, Vila C, Stuart MCA, Elsinga PH, Szymanski W, Feringa BL. Oxygen Activated, Palladium Nanoparticle Catalyzed, Ultrafast Cross-Coupling of Organolithium Reagents. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:3354-3359. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201700417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dorus Heijnen
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry; University of Groningen; Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Filippo Tosi
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry; University of Groningen; Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Carlos Vila
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry; University of Groningen; Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Marc C. A. Stuart
- Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute; University of Groningen; Nijenborgh 7 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Philip H. Elsinga
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging; University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen; Hanzeplein 1 9713 GZ Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Wiktor Szymanski
- Department of Radiology; University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen; Hanzeplein 1 9713 GZ Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Ben L. Feringa
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry; University of Groningen; Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhu N, Zhao J, Bao H. Iron catalyzed methylation and ethylation of vinyl arenes. Chem Sci 2016; 8:2081-2085. [PMID: 28451327 PMCID: PMC5399631 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc04274k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron-catalyzed methyl, ethyl and propyl Heck reactions were developed using readily available alkyl peroxides as alkyl sources.
Short alkyl chain Heck (type) reactions, especially methyl Heck reactions, are a difficult aspect of the alkyl Heck reaction. To provide a solution to this problem, iron-catalyzed methyl, ethyl and propyl Heck reactions were developed using readily available alkyl peroxides as alkyl sources. The reaction conditions were mild, clean, and easy to handle. No additive was needed, and no hazardous waste was generated. The products were obtained in up to 99% yield of one isomer for most situations. This reaction works for many types of olefin and tolerates a variety of functional groups. Several late-stage functionalizations of natural products and drug molecules were conducted to demonstrate the synthetic applications of this reaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nengbo Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry , Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology , Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , 155 Yangqiao Road West , Fuzhou , 350002 , P. R. China .
| | - Jianguo Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry , Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology , Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , 155 Yangqiao Road West , Fuzhou , 350002 , P. R. China .
| | - Hongli Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry , Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology , Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , 155 Yangqiao Road West , Fuzhou , 350002 , P. R. China .
| |
Collapse
|