1
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Park JH, Lee SB, Koo BJ, Bae HY. β-Aminosulfonyl Fluorides via Water-Accelerated N-Heterocyclic Carbene Catalysis. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202201000. [PMID: 35799476 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202201000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Herein, a water-accelerated, N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-catalyzed aza-Michael addition reaction was reported to access β-aminosulfonyl fluorides, which are key hubs of the sulfur(VI) fluoride exchange (SuFEx) reaction. As a crucial reaction medium, water considerably enhanced the reaction rate with excellent chemo- and site-selectivity (up to >99 : 1) compared to conventional solvents. In addition, the late-stage ligation of bioactive molecules with the aliphatic β-amino SuFEx hub was demonstrated. Mechanistic studies on experimental, analytical, and computational approaches support noncovalent activation over NHC catalysis "on-water".
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Hyun Park
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419 (Republic of, Korea
| | - Sun Bu Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419 (Republic of, Korea
| | - Byeong Jun Koo
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419 (Republic of, Korea
| | - Han Yong Bae
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419 (Republic of, Korea
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2
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Sudhakaran S, Shinde PG, Aratikatla EK, Kaulage SH, Rana P, Parit RS, Kavale DS, Senthilkumar B, Punji B. Nickel-Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation for the Synthesis of a Key Intermediate of Sitagliptin. Chem Asian J 2022; 17:e202101208. [PMID: 34817131 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202101208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Nickel-catalyzed enantioselective hydrogenation of enamines leading to the efficient synthesis of 3-R-Boc-amino-4-(2,4,5-trifluorophenyl)butyric esters, the key intermediate of the blockbuster antidiabetic drug (R)-SITAGLIPTIN, is described. The sitagliptin motifs were isolated in more than 99% yield and with 75-92% ee using the earth-abundant nickel catalyst. Upon chiral resolution with (R)- and (S)-1-phenylethylamines, the partially enantioenriched (R)- and (S)-Boc-3-amino-4-(2,4,5-trifluorophenyl)butanoic acids provided >99.5% ee of the crucial sitagliptin intermediate. The asymmetric hydrogenation protocol was scaled up to 10 g with consistency in yield and ee, and has been reproduced in multiple batches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shana Sudhakaran
- Organometallic Synthesis and Catalysis Lab, Chemical Engineering Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL), Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411 008, India
| | - Prasad G Shinde
- Organic Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL), Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411 008, India
| | - Eswar K Aratikatla
- Organic Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL), Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411 008, India
| | - Sandeep H Kaulage
- Organometallic Synthesis and Catalysis Lab, Chemical Engineering Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL), Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411 008, India
| | - Priksha Rana
- Organic Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL), Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411 008, India
| | - Ratan S Parit
- Organic Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL), Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411 008, India
| | - Dattatry S Kavale
- Organic Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL), Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411 008, India
| | - Beeran Senthilkumar
- Organic Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL), Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411 008, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201 002, India
| | - Benudhar Punji
- Organometallic Synthesis and Catalysis Lab, Chemical Engineering Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL), Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411 008, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201 002, India
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3
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Berthold D, Breit B. Synthesis of (−)‐(
R
)‐Sitagliptin by Rh
I
‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydroamination. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dino Berthold
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Freiburg Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg Albertstraße 21 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau Germany
| | - Bernhard Breit
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Freiburg Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg Albertstraße 21 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau Germany
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4
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Peng L, Li K, Xie C, Li S, Xu D, Qin W, Yan H. Organocatalytic Asymmetric Annulation of
ortho
‐Alkynylanilines: Synthesis of Axially Chiral Naphthyl‐C2‐indoles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201908961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Peng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug ResearchChemical Biology Research CenterSchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesChongqing University Chongqing 401331 P. R. China
| | - Kai Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug ResearchChemical Biology Research CenterSchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesChongqing University Chongqing 401331 P. R. China
| | - Chuandong Xie
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug ResearchChemical Biology Research CenterSchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesChongqing University Chongqing 401331 P. R. China
| | - Shan Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug ResearchChemical Biology Research CenterSchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesChongqing University Chongqing 401331 P. R. China
| | - Da Xu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug ResearchChemical Biology Research CenterSchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesChongqing University Chongqing 401331 P. R. China
| | - Wenling Qin
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug ResearchChemical Biology Research CenterSchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesChongqing University Chongqing 401331 P. R. China
| | - Hailong Yan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug ResearchChemical Biology Research CenterSchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesChongqing University Chongqing 401331 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and TechnologyMinistry of EducationCollege of BioengineeringChongqing University Chongqing 400044 China
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5
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Peng L, Li K, Xie C, Li S, Xu D, Qin W, Yan H. Organocatalytic Asymmetric Annulation of
ortho
‐Alkynylanilines: Synthesis of Axially Chiral Naphthyl‐C2‐indoles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:17199-17204. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201908961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Peng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug ResearchChemical Biology Research CenterSchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesChongqing University Chongqing 401331 P. R. China
| | - Kai Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug ResearchChemical Biology Research CenterSchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesChongqing University Chongqing 401331 P. R. China
| | - Chuandong Xie
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug ResearchChemical Biology Research CenterSchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesChongqing University Chongqing 401331 P. R. China
| | - Shan Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug ResearchChemical Biology Research CenterSchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesChongqing University Chongqing 401331 P. R. China
| | - Da Xu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug ResearchChemical Biology Research CenterSchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesChongqing University Chongqing 401331 P. R. China
| | - Wenling Qin
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug ResearchChemical Biology Research CenterSchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesChongqing University Chongqing 401331 P. R. China
| | - Hailong Yan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug ResearchChemical Biology Research CenterSchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesChongqing University Chongqing 401331 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and TechnologyMinistry of EducationCollege of BioengineeringChongqing University Chongqing 400044 China
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6
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Jia S, Li S, Liu Y, Qin W, Yan H. Enantioselective Control of Both Helical and Axial Stereogenic Elements though an Organocatalytic Approach. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201909214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shiqi Jia
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Chemical Biology Research CenterSchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesChongqing University Chongqing 401331 P. R. China
| | - Shan Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Chemical Biology Research CenterSchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesChongqing University Chongqing 401331 P. R. China
| | - Yidong Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Chemical Biology Research CenterSchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesChongqing University Chongqing 401331 P. R. China
| | - Wenling Qin
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Chemical Biology Research CenterSchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesChongqing University Chongqing 401331 P. R. China
| | - Hailong Yan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Chemical Biology Research CenterSchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesChongqing University Chongqing 401331 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and TechnologyMinistry of Education, College of BioengineeringChongqing University Chongqing 400044 P. R. China
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7
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Jia S, Li S, Liu Y, Qin W, Yan H. Enantioselective Control of Both Helical and Axial Stereogenic Elements though an Organocatalytic Approach. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:18496-18501. [PMID: 31608559 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201909214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A highly diastereo- and enantio-selective method for the asymmetric synthesis of molecules containing helicenes and stereogenic axes was developed based on organocatalysis. Various compounds bearing both helical and axial stereogenic elements were obtained in excellent enantioselectivities. The mechanism study revealed that the reaction proceeded through two stages: 1) The first cyclization produces a reaction intermediate containing a stereogenic axis. 2) The dynamic kinetic resolution of helix reaction intermediate following with cyclization generates a helix and another stereogenic axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqi Jia
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, P. R. China
| | - Shan Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, P. R. China
| | - Yidong Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, P. R. China
| | - Wenling Qin
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, P. R. China
| | - Hailong Yan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, P. R. China
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8
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Han JL, Liao YT, Chang CH. Asymmetric Organocatalytic Conjugate Addition of Electron-Rich Phenols and 1,3-Dicarbonyls to Arylsulfonyl Indoles in an Oil-Water Biphasic System. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201900962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeng-Liang Han
- Department of Chemistry; National Chung Hsing University; 145 Xingda Rd., South Dist., Taichung City 402 Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Yu-Ting Liao
- Department of Chemistry; Chung Yuan Christian University; Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Chia-Hao Chang
- Department of Chemistry; Chung Yuan Christian University; Taiwan R.O.C
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9
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Saranya S, Harry NA, Krishnan KK, Anilkumar G. Recent Developments and Perspectives in the Asymmetric Mannich Reaction. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201700679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Salim Saranya
- School of Chemical Sciences; Mahatma Gandhi University; Priyadarsini Hills P O Kottayam-686560 India
| | - Nissy Ann Harry
- School of Chemical Sciences; Mahatma Gandhi University; Priyadarsini Hills P O Kottayam-686560 India
| | - K. Keerthi Krishnan
- School of Chemical Sciences; Mahatma Gandhi University; Priyadarsini Hills P O Kottayam-686560 India
| | - Gopinathan Anilkumar
- School of Chemical Sciences; Mahatma Gandhi University; Priyadarsini Hills P O Kottayam-686560 India
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10
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Wu X, Xue L, Li D, Jia S, Ao J, Deng J, Yan H. Organocatalytic Intramolecular [4+2] Cycloaddition between In Situ Generated Vinylidene ortho
-Quinone Methides and Benzofurans. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201707523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Wu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Chongqing University; Chongqing 401331 P. R. China
| | - Lu Xue
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Chongqing University; Chongqing 401331 P. R. China
| | - Dongmei Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Chongqing University; Chongqing 401331 P. R. China
| | - Shiqi Jia
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Chongqing University; Chongqing 401331 P. R. China
| | - Jun Ao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Chongqing University; Chongqing 401331 P. R. China
| | - Jun Deng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Chongqing University; Chongqing 401331 P. R. China
| | - Hailong Yan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Chongqing University; Chongqing 401331 P. R. China
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11
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Wu X, Xue L, Li D, Jia S, Ao J, Deng J, Yan H. Organocatalytic Intramolecular [4+2] Cycloaddition between In Situ Generated Vinylidene ortho
-Quinone Methides and Benzofurans. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:13722-13726. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201707523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 08/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Wu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Chongqing University; Chongqing 401331 P. R. China
| | - Lu Xue
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Chongqing University; Chongqing 401331 P. R. China
| | - Dongmei Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Chongqing University; Chongqing 401331 P. R. China
| | - Shiqi Jia
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Chongqing University; Chongqing 401331 P. R. China
| | - Jun Ao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Chongqing University; Chongqing 401331 P. R. China
| | - Jun Deng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Chongqing University; Chongqing 401331 P. R. China
| | - Hailong Yan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Chongqing University; Chongqing 401331 P. R. China
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12
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Sawa M, Morisaki K, Kondo Y, Morimoto H, Ohshima T. Direct Access to N-Unprotected α- and/or β-Tetrasubstituted Amino Acid Esters via Direct Catalytic Mannich-Type Reactions Using N-Unprotected Trifluoromethyl Ketimines. Chemistry 2017; 23:17022-17028. [PMID: 28950035 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201703516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Direct catalytic C-C bond-forming addition to N-unprotected ketimines is an efficient and straightforward method of synthesizing N-unprotected tetrasubstituted amines that eliminates prior protection/deprotection steps and allows facile transformation of the products. Despite its advantages, however, N-unprotected ketimines have difficulties in C-C bond-forming reactions, and only a limited number of reactions and substrates are reported compared with their N-protected counterparts. Herein we report that N-unprotected trifluoromethyl ketimines are effective for C-C bond-forming reactions using Mannich-type reactions as a model case. We demonstrate that Lewis acid catalysis was effective for promoting reactions with various N-unprotected trifluoromethyl ketimines, and thiourea organocatalysis was effective for promoting highly enantioselective reactions with various carbonyl nucleophiles, providing direct access to various N-unprotected α- and/or β-tetrasubstituted amino acid esters. Furthermore, direct construction of vicinal tetrasubstituted chiral carbon stereocenters was achieved for the first time in a highly enantio- and diastereoselective manner. These results demonstrate the potential of N-unprotected ketimines as substrates applicable to many other addition reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanao Sawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Morisaki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yuta Kondo
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Morimoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Takashi Ohshima
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
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13
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Some S, Kim HYBMJ, Zhang YJ, Song CE. Ultrasound-Promoted Enantioselective Decarboxylative Protonation of α-Aminomalonate Hemiesters by Chiral Squaramides: A Practical Approach to Both Enantiomers of α-Amino Esters. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201700786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Surajit Some
- Department of Chemistry; Sungkyunkwan University; 2066 Suwon Korea
| | | | - Yong Jian Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; 200240 Shanghai P. R. of China
| | - Choong Eui Song
- Department of Chemistry; Sungkyunkwan University; 2066 Suwon Korea
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14
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Biocatalysts for the pharmaceutical industry created by structure-guided directed evolution of stereoselective enzymes. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 26:1241-1251. [PMID: 28693917 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Enzymes have been used for a long time as catalysts in the asymmetric synthesis of chiral intermediates needed in the production of therapeutic drugs. However, this alternative to man-made catalysts has suffered traditionally from distinct limitations, namely the often observed wrong or insufficient enantio- and/or regioselectivity, low activity, narrow substrate range, and insufficient thermostability. With the advent of directed evolution, these problems can be generally solved. The challenge is to develop and apply the most efficient mutagenesis methods which lead to highest-quality mutant libraries requiring minimal screening. Structure-guided saturation mutagenesis and its iterative form have emerged as the method of choice for evolving stereo- and regioselective mutant enzymes needed in the asymmetric synthesis of chiral intermediates. The number of (industrial) applications in the preparation of chiral pharmaceuticals is rapidly increasing. This review features and analyzes typical case studies.
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15
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Sim JH, Song CE. Water-Enabled Catalytic Asymmetric Michael Reactions of Unreactive Nitroalkenes: One-Pot Synthesis of Chiral GABA-Analogs with All-Carbon Quaternary Stereogenic Centers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201611466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hun Sim
- Department of Chemistry; Sungkyunkwan University; Suwon 440-746 Korea
| | - Choong Eui Song
- Department of Chemistry; Sungkyunkwan University; Suwon 440-746 Korea
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16
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Sim JH, Song CE. Water-Enabled Catalytic Asymmetric Michael Reactions of Unreactive Nitroalkenes: One-Pot Synthesis of Chiral GABA-Analogs with All-Carbon Quaternary Stereogenic Centers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:1835-1839. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201611466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hun Sim
- Department of Chemistry; Sungkyunkwan University; Suwon 440-746 Korea
| | - Choong Eui Song
- Department of Chemistry; Sungkyunkwan University; Suwon 440-746 Korea
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