1
|
Bhat B, Pahari S, Kwon JSI, Akbulut MES. Stimuli-responsive viscosity modifiers. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 321:103025. [PMID: 37871381 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2023.103025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Stimuli responsive viscosity modifiers entail an important class of materials which allow for smart material formation utilizing various stimuli for switching such as pH, temperature, light and salinity. They have seen applications in the biomedical space including tissue engineering and drug delivery, wherein stimuli responsive hydrogels and polymeric vessels have been extensively applied. Applications have also been seen in other domains like the energy sector and automobile industry, in technologies such as enhanced oil recovery. The chemistry and microstructural arrangements of the aqueous morphologies of dissolved materials are usually sensitive to the aforementioned stimuli which subsequently results in rheological sensitivity as well. Herein, we overview different structures capable of viscosity modification as well as go over the rheological theory associated with classical systems studied in literature. A detailed analysis allows us to explore correlations between commonly discussed models such as molecular packing parameter, tube reptation and stress relaxation with structural and rheological changes. We then present five primary mechanisms corresponding to stimuli responsive viscosity modification: (i) packing parameter modification via functional group conditioning and (ii) via dynamic bond formation, (iii) mesh formation by interlinking of network nodes, (iv) viscosity modification by chain conformation changes and (v) viscosity modification by particle jamming. We also overview several recent examples from literature that employ the concepts discussed to create novel classes of intriguing stimuli responsive structures and their corresponding rheological properties. Furthermore, we also explore systems that are responsive to multiple stimuli which can provide enhanced functionality and versatility by providing multi-level and precise actuation. Such systems have been used for programmed site-specific drug delivery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bhargavi Bhat
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Silabrata Pahari
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Joseph Sang-Il Kwon
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; Texas A&M Energy Institute, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Mustafa E S Akbulut
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; Texas A&M Energy Institute, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tian M, Zhu Y, Guan W, Lu C. Quantitative Measurement of Drug Release Dynamics within Targeted Organelles Using Förster Resonance Energy Transfer. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023:e2206866. [PMID: 37026420 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202206866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Measuring the release dynamics of drug molecules after their delivery to the target organelle is critical to improve therapeutic efficacy and reduce side effects. However, it remains challenging to quantitatively monitor subcellular drug release in real time. To address the knowledge gap, a novel gemini fluorescent surfactant capable of forming mitochondria-targeted and redox-responsive nanocarriers is designed. A quantitative Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) platform is fabricated using this mitochondria-anchored fluorescent nanocarrier as a FRET donor and fluorescent drugs as a FRET acceptor. The FRET platform enables real-time measurement of drug release from organelle-targeted nanocarriers. Moreover, the obtained drug release dynamics can evaluate the duration of drug release at the subcellular level, which established a new quantitative method for organelle-targeted drug release. This quantitative FRET platform can compensate for the absent assessment of the targeted release performances of nanocarriers, offering in-depth understanding of the drug release behaviors at the subcellular targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingce Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yaping Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Weijiang Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Chao Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Shape-Shifting Thermoresponsive Block Copolymer Nano-Objects. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 634:906-920. [PMID: 36566636 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.12.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In this Feature Article, we review our recent progress in the design of shape-shifting thermoresponsive diblock copolymer nano-objects, which are prepared using various hydroxyl-functional (meth)acrylic monomers (e.g. 2‑hydroxypropyl methacrylate, 4‑hydroxybutyl acrylate or hydroxybutyl methacrylate) to generate the thermoresponsive block. Unlike traditional thermoresponsive polymers such as poly(N-isopropylacrylamide), there is no transition between soluble and insoluble polymer chains in aqueous solution. Instead, thermally driven transitions between a series of copolymer morphologies (e.g. spheres, worms, vesicles or lamellae) occur on adjusting the aqueous solution temperature owing to a subtle change in the partial degree of hydration of the permanently insoluble thermoresponsive block. Such remarkable self-assembly behavior is unprecedented in colloid science: no other amphiphilic diblock copolymer or surfactant system undergoes such behavior at a fixed chemical composition and concentration. Such shape-shifting nano-objects are characterized by transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, small-angle X-ray scattering, rheology and variable temperature 1H NMR spectroscopy. Potential applications for this fascinating new class of amphiphiles are briefly considered.
Collapse
|
4
|
Cheng YT, Xia Q, Liu H, Solomon MB, Brisson ERL, Blackman LD, Ling CD, Müllner M. Tunable Polymer Nanoreactors from RAFT Polymerization-Induced Self-Assembly: Fabrication of Nanostructured Carbon-Coated Anatase as Battery Anode Materials with Variable Morphology and Porosity. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:12261-12272. [PMID: 36821625 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c18928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a modular synthesis approach to yield mesoporous carbon-coated anatase (denoted as TiO2/C) nanostructures. Combining polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA) and reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) dispersion polymerization enabled the fabrication of uniform core-shell polymeric nanoreactors with tunable morphologies. The nanoreactors comprised of a poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) (PDMAEMA) shell and a poly(benzyl methacrylate) (PBzMA) core. We selected worm-like and vesicular morphologies to guide the nanostructuring of a TiO2 precursor, namely, titanium(IV) bis(ammonium lactato)dihydroxide (TALH). Subsequent carbonization yielded nanocrystalline anatase and simultaneously introduced a porous carbon framework, which also suppressed the crystal growth (∼5 nm crystallites). The as-prepared TiO2/C materials comprised of a porous structure, with large specific surface areas (>85 m2/g) and various carbon contents (20-30 wt %). As anode components in lithium-ion batteries, our TiO2/C nanomaterials improved the cycling stability, facilitated high overall capacities, and minimized the capacity loss compared to both their sans carbon and commercial anatase analogues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yen Theng Cheng
- Key Centre for Polymers and Colloids, School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- The University of Sydney Nano Institute (Sydney Nano), Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Qingbo Xia
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- The University of Sydney Nano Institute (Sydney Nano), Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Hongwei Liu
- Sydney Microscopy & Microanalysis, The University of Sydney node of Microscopy Australia, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Marcello B Solomon
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Emma R L Brisson
- Key Centre for Polymers and Colloids, School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Lewis D Blackman
- CSIRO Manufacturing Business Unit, Research Way, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Chris D Ling
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- The University of Sydney Nano Institute (Sydney Nano), Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Markus Müllner
- Key Centre for Polymers and Colloids, School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- The University of Sydney Nano Institute (Sydney Nano), Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Shah S, Joga R, Kolipaka T, Sabnis Dushyantrao C, Khairnar P, Phatale V, Pandey G, Srivastava S, Kumar S. Paradigm of lyotropic liquid crystals in tissue regeneration. Int J Pharm 2023; 634:122633. [PMID: 36690130 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.122633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The liquid crystalline phase has attracted tremendous attention from researchers across the globe due to its intriguing properties. In this article, we enumerate the different classes of liquid crystals. Lyotropic liquid crystals (LLCs) exhibit their liquid crystalline nature based on the surrounding solvent media, which opens novel horizons in drug delivery and tissue regeneration. The advantages of LLCs in the said fields and the thermodynamic mechanistic insights responsible for their structural stabilization have been conveyed. Various fabrication and characterization techniques, along with factors influencing the formation of LLCs, have been discussed. Applications in novel therapeutic avenues like bone extracellular matrix, cardiac remodeling, wound management, and implants have been unveiled. Also, regulatory considerations, patent, and clinical portfolios to circumvent the hurdles of clinical translation have been discussed. LLCs could be a promising approach in diverse avenues of tissue regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Shah
- Pharmaceutical Innovation and Translational Research Laboratory (PITRL), Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Ramesh Joga
- Department of Regulatory Affairs, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Tejaswini Kolipaka
- Pharmaceutical Innovation and Translational Research Laboratory (PITRL), Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Chetan Sabnis Dushyantrao
- Department of Regulatory Affairs, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Pooja Khairnar
- Pharmaceutical Innovation and Translational Research Laboratory (PITRL), Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Vivek Phatale
- Pharmaceutical Innovation and Translational Research Laboratory (PITRL), Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Giriraj Pandey
- Pharmaceutical Innovation and Translational Research Laboratory (PITRL), Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Saurabh Srivastava
- Department of Regulatory Affairs, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India.
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Regulatory Affairs, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhang W, Chang Z, Bai W, Hong C. Greatly Enhanced Accessibility and Reproducibility of Worm‐like Micelles by In Situ Crosslinking Polymerization‐Induced Self‐Assembly. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202211792. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202211792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen‐Jian Zhang
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology Anhui University Hefei 230601, Anhui P. R. China
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026, Anhui P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Polymeric Materials of Anhui Province Anhui University Hefei 230601, Anhui P. R. China
| | - Zi‐Xuan Chang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026, Anhui P. R. China
| | - Wei Bai
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology Anhui University Hefei 230601, Anhui P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Polymeric Materials of Anhui Province Anhui University Hefei 230601, Anhui P. R. China
| | - Chun‐Yan Hong
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026, Anhui P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhang WJ, Chang ZX, Bai W, Hong CY. Greatly Enhanced Accessibility and Reproducibility of Worm‐like Micelles by in situ Crosslinking Polymerization‐Induced Self‐Assembly. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202211792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jian Zhang
- Anhui University Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology 合肥 CHINA
| | - Zi-Xuan Chang
- University of Science and Technology of China Department of Polymer Science and Engineering CHINA
| | - Wei Bai
- Anhui University Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology CHINA
| | - Chun-Yan Hong
- University of Science and Technology of China Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Jinzhai Road 96 230026 Hefei CHINA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Neal TJ, Penfold NJW, Armes SP. Reverse Sequence Polymerization-Induced Self-Assembly in Aqueous Media. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202207376. [PMID: 35678548 PMCID: PMC9541501 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202207376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
We report a new aqueous polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA) formulation that enables the hydrophobic block to be prepared first when targeting diblock copolymer nano-objects. This counter-intuitive reverse sequence approach uses an ionic reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) agent for the RAFT aqueous dispersion polymerization of 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate (HPMA) to produce charge-stabilized latex particles. Chain extension using a water-soluble methacrylic, acrylic or acrylamide comonomer then produces sterically stabilized diblock copolymer nanoparticles in an aqueous one-pot formulation. In each case, the monomer diffuses into the PHPMA particles, which act as the locus for the polymerization. A remarkable change in morphology occurs as the ≈600 nm latex is converted into much smaller sterically stabilized diblock copolymer nanoparticles, which exhibit thermoresponsive behavior. Such reverse sequence PISA formulations enable the efficient synthesis of new functional diblock copolymer nanoparticles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J. Neal
- Department or ChemistryThe University of SheffieldBrook Hill, Sheffield, South YorkshireS3 7HFUK
| | - Nicholas J. W. Penfold
- Department or ChemistryThe University of SheffieldBrook Hill, Sheffield, South YorkshireS3 7HFUK
| | - Steven P. Armes
- Department or ChemistryThe University of SheffieldBrook Hill, Sheffield, South YorkshireS3 7HFUK
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Neal TJ, Penfold NJW, Armes SP. Reverse Sequence Polymerization‐Induced Self‐Assembly in Aqueous Media. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202207376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J. Neal
- Department or Chemistry The University of Sheffield Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF UK
| | - Nicholas J. W. Penfold
- Department or Chemistry The University of Sheffield Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF UK
| | - Steven P. Armes
- Department or Chemistry The University of Sheffield Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF UK
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hunter SJ, Penfold NJW, Jones ER, Zinn T, Mykhaylyk OO, Armes SP. Synthesis of Thermoresponsive Diblock Copolymer Nano-Objects via RAFT Aqueous Emulsion Polymerization of Hydroxybutyl Methacrylate. Macromolecules 2022; 55:3051-3062. [PMID: 35492576 PMCID: PMC9047412 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Saul J. Hunter
- Dainton Building, Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K
| | - Nicholas J. W. Penfold
- Dainton Building, Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K
| | | | - Thomas Zinn
- ESRF - The European Synchrotron, 38043 Grenoble, France
| | - Oleksandr O. Mykhaylyk
- Dainton Building, Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K
| | - Steven P. Armes
- Dainton Building, Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Tenhu H, Baddam V, Välinen L, Kuckling L. Morphological transitions of cationic PISA particles by salt, triflate ions and temperature; comparison of three polycations. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00301e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Three strong polycation stabilizers, poly((vinylbenzyl) trimethylammonium chloride), PVBTMAC, poly((2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl)trimethylammonium chloride), PMOTAC, and poly((3-acrylamidopropyl) trimethylammonium chloride), PAMPTMAC have been synthesized with reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer, RAFT, reactions. Solubilities of the polycations...
Collapse
|
12
|
Rymaruk MJ, O'Brien CT, György C, Darmau B, Jennings J, Mykhaylyk OO, Armes SP. Small-Angle X-Ray Scattering Studies of Block Copolymer Nano-Objects: Formation of Ordered Phases in Concentrated Solution During Polymerization-Induced Self-Assembly. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:12955-12963. [PMID: 33725372 PMCID: PMC8252599 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202101851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
We report that polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA) can be used to prepare lyotropic phases comprising diblock copolymer nano-objects in non-polar media. RAFT dispersion polymerization of benzyl methacrylate (BzMA) at 90 °C using a trithiocarbonate-capped hydrogenated polybutadiene (PhBD) steric stabilizer block in n-dodecane produces either spheres or worms that exhibit long-range order at 40 % w/w solids. NMR studies enable calculation of instantaneous copolymer compositions for each phase during the BzMA polymerization. As the PBzMA chains grow longer when targeting PhBD80 -PBzMA40 , time-resolved small-angle X-ray scattering reveals intermediate body-centered cubic (BCC) and hexagonally close-packed (HCP) sphere phases prior to formation of a final hexagonal cylinder phase (HEX). The HEX phase is lost on serial dilution and the aligned cylinders eventually form disordered flexible worms. The HEX phase undergoes an order-disorder transition on heating to 150 °C and a pure HCP phase forms on cooling to 20 °C.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Rymaruk
- Dainton BuildingDepartment of ChemistryThe University of SheffieldSheffieldS3 7HFUK
- Present address: SyngentaJealott's HillBracknellBerkshireRG42 6EYUK
| | - Cate T. O'Brien
- Dainton BuildingDepartment of ChemistryThe University of SheffieldSheffieldS3 7HFUK
| | - Csilla György
- Dainton BuildingDepartment of ChemistryThe University of SheffieldSheffieldS3 7HFUK
| | - Bastien Darmau
- Dainton BuildingDepartment of ChemistryThe University of SheffieldSheffieldS3 7HFUK
| | - James Jennings
- Dainton BuildingDepartment of ChemistryThe University of SheffieldSheffieldS3 7HFUK
| | | | - Steven P. Armes
- Dainton BuildingDepartment of ChemistryThe University of SheffieldSheffieldS3 7HFUK
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Rymaruk MJ, O'Brien CT, György C, Darmau B, Jennings J, Mykhaylyk OO, Armes SP. Small‐Angle X‐Ray Scattering Studies of Block Copolymer Nano‐Objects: Formation of Ordered Phases in Concentrated Solution During Polymerization‐Induced Self‐Assembly. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202101851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Rymaruk
- Dainton Building Department of Chemistry The University of Sheffield Sheffield S3 7HF UK
- Present address: Syngenta Jealott's Hill Bracknell Berkshire RG42 6EY UK
| | - Cate T. O'Brien
- Dainton Building Department of Chemistry The University of Sheffield Sheffield S3 7HF UK
| | - Csilla György
- Dainton Building Department of Chemistry The University of Sheffield Sheffield S3 7HF UK
| | - Bastien Darmau
- Dainton Building Department of Chemistry The University of Sheffield Sheffield S3 7HF UK
| | - James Jennings
- Dainton Building Department of Chemistry The University of Sheffield Sheffield S3 7HF UK
| | - Oleksandr O. Mykhaylyk
- Dainton Building Department of Chemistry The University of Sheffield Sheffield S3 7HF UK
| | - Steven P. Armes
- Dainton Building Department of Chemistry The University of Sheffield Sheffield S3 7HF UK
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Nahi O, Cayre OJ, Kim YY, Smith AJ, Warren NJ, Meldrum FC. A facile method for generating worm-like micelles with controlled lengths and narrow polydispersity. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:7463-7466. [PMID: 32495778 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc02313b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
This work shows that highly uniform worm micelles formed by polymerisation induced self-assembly can be obtained via simple post-synthesis sonication. Importantly, this straightforward and versatile strategy yields exceptionally monodisperse worms with tunable aspect ratios ranging from 7.2 to 17.6 by simply changing the sonication time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ouassef Nahi
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zheng Y, Weng C, Cheng C, Zhao J, Yang R, Zhang Q, Ding M, Tan H, Fu Q. Multiblock Copolymers toward Segmentation-Driven Morphological Transition. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zheng
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Chuang Weng
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Cheng Cheng
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Jinling Zhao
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Rui Yang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Mingming Ding
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Hong Tan
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Qiang Fu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
D'Agosto F, Rieger J, Lansalot M. RAFT‐vermittelte polymerisationsinduzierte Selbstorganisation (PISA). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201911758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Franck D'Agosto
- Univ Lyon Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 CPE Lyon CNRS UMR 5265 Chemistry, Catalysis, Polymers and Processes (C2P2) 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918 69616 Villeurbanne Frankreich
| | - Jutta Rieger
- Sorbonne Université and CNRS UMR 8232 Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (IPCM), Polymer Chemistry Team (ECP) 4 Place Jussieu 75005 Paris Frankreich
| | - Muriel Lansalot
- Univ Lyon Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 CPE Lyon CNRS UMR 5265 Chemistry, Catalysis, Polymers and Processes (C2P2) 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918 69616 Villeurbanne Frankreich
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
D'Agosto F, Rieger J, Lansalot M. RAFT‐Mediated Polymerization‐Induced Self‐Assembly. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:8368-8392. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201911758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Franck D'Agosto
- Univ Lyon Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 CPE Lyon CNRS UMR 5265 Chemistry, Catalysis, Polymers and Processes (C2P2) 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918 69616 Villeurbanne France
| | - Jutta Rieger
- Sorbonne Université and CNRS UMR 8232 Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (IPCM) Polymer Chemistry Team (ECP) 4 Place Jussieu 75005 Paris France
| | - Muriel Lansalot
- Univ Lyon Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 CPE Lyon CNRS UMR 5265 Chemistry, Catalysis, Polymers and Processes (C2P2) 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918 69616 Villeurbanne France
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Ratcliffe LPD, Derry MJ, Ianiro A, Tuinier R, Armes SP. A Single Thermoresponsive Diblock Copolymer Can Form Spheres, Worms or Vesicles in Aqueous Solution. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:18964-18970. [PMID: 31596541 PMCID: PMC6973111 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201909124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
It is well-known that the self-assembly of AB diblock copolymers in solution can produce various morphologies depending on the relative volume fraction of each block. Recently, polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA) has become widely recognized as a powerful platform technology for the rational design and efficient synthesis of a wide range of block copolymer nano-objects. In this study, PISA is used to prepare a new thermoresponsive poly(N-(2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide)-poly(2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate) [PHPMAC-PHPMA] diblock copolymer. Remarkably, TEM, rheology and SAXS studies indicate that a single copolymer composition can form well-defined spheres (4 °C), worms (22 °C) or vesicles (50 °C) in aqueous solution. Given that the two monomer repeat units have almost identical chemical structures, this system is particularly well-suited to theoretical analysis. Self-consistent mean field theory suggests this rich self-assembly behavior is the result of the greater degree of hydration of the PHPMA block at lower temperature, which is in agreement with variable temperature 1 H NMR studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liam P. D. Ratcliffe
- Department of Chemistry, Dainton BuildingUniversity of SheffieldBrook HillSouth YorkshireS3 7HFUK
- Present address: Unilever Research & DevelopmentColworth Laboratory, Colworth HouseSharnbrookBedfordMK44 1LQUK
| | - Matthew J. Derry
- Department of Chemistry, Dainton BuildingUniversity of SheffieldBrook HillSouth YorkshireS3 7HFUK
| | - Alessandro Ianiro
- Laboratory of Physical ChemistryDepartment of Chemical Engineering & Institute for Complex Molecular SystemsEindhoven University of TechnologyP.O. Box 513, 5600MBEindhovenThe Netherlands
| | - Remco Tuinier
- Laboratory of Physical ChemistryDepartment of Chemical Engineering & Institute for Complex Molecular SystemsEindhoven University of TechnologyP.O. Box 513, 5600MBEindhovenThe Netherlands
| | - Steven P. Armes
- Department of Chemistry, Dainton BuildingUniversity of SheffieldBrook HillSouth YorkshireS3 7HFUK
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ratcliffe LPD, Derry MJ, Ianiro A, Tuinier R, Armes SP. A Single Thermoresponsive Diblock Copolymer Can Form Spheres, Worms or Vesicles in Aqueous Solution. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201909124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liam P. D. Ratcliffe
- Department of Chemistry, Dainton BuildingUniversity of Sheffield Brook Hill South Yorkshire S3 7HF UK
- Present address: Unilever Research & DevelopmentColworth Laboratory, Colworth House Sharnbrook Bedford MK44 1LQ UK
| | - Matthew J. Derry
- Department of Chemistry, Dainton BuildingUniversity of Sheffield Brook Hill South Yorkshire S3 7HF UK
| | - Alessandro Ianiro
- Laboratory of Physical ChemistryDepartment of Chemical Engineering & Institute for Complex Molecular SystemsEindhoven University of Technology P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Remco Tuinier
- Laboratory of Physical ChemistryDepartment of Chemical Engineering & Institute for Complex Molecular SystemsEindhoven University of Technology P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Steven P. Armes
- Department of Chemistry, Dainton BuildingUniversity of Sheffield Brook Hill South Yorkshire S3 7HF UK
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Rymaruk MJ, O’Brien CT, Brown SL, Williams CN, Armes SP. Effect of Core Cross-linking on the Physical Properties of Poly(dimethylsiloxane)-Based Diblock Copolymer Worms Prepared in Silicone Oil. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Rymaruk
- Dainton Building, Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K
| | - Cate T. O’Brien
- Dainton Building, Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K
| | - Steven L. Brown
- Scott Bader Company Ltd., Wollaston, Wellingborough, Northamptonshire NN29 7RL, U.K
| | - Clive N. Williams
- Scott Bader Company Ltd., Wollaston, Wellingborough, Northamptonshire NN29 7RL, U.K
| | - Steven P. Armes
- Dainton Building, Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
|
22
|
Upadhyaya L, Egbosimba C, Qian X, Wickramasinghe R, Fernández-Pacheco R, Coelhoso IM, Portugal CAM, Crespo JG, Quemener D, Semsarilar M. Influence of Magnetic Nanoparticles on PISA Preparation of Poly(Methacrylic Acid)-b
-Poly(Methylmethacrylate) Nano-Objects. Macromol Rapid Commun 2018; 40:e1800333. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201800333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lakshmeesha Upadhyaya
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; University of Arkansas; Fayetteville AR 72701 USA
| | - Chidubem Egbosimba
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; University of Arkansas; Fayetteville AR 72701 USA
| | - Xianghong Qian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; University of Arkansas; Fayetteville AR 72701 USA
| | - Ranil Wickramasinghe
- Ralph E Martin Department of Chemical Engineering; University of Arkansas; Fayetteville AR 72701 USA
| | - Rodrigo Fernández-Pacheco
- Laboratorio de Microscopías Avanzadas; Instituto de Nanociencia de Aragón, Edificio I+D; Campus Rio Ebro; Universidad de Zaragoza; 50018 Zaragoza Spain
| | - Isabel M. Coelhoso
- LAQV - REQUIMTE; Departamento de Química; Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia; Universidade Nova de Lisboa; Campus de Caparica; 2829-516 Caparica Portugal
| | - Carla A. M. Portugal
- LAQV - REQUIMTE; Departamento de Química; Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia; Universidade Nova de Lisboa; Campus de Caparica; 2829-516 Caparica Portugal
| | - João G. Crespo
- LAQV - REQUIMTE; Departamento de Química; Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia; Universidade Nova de Lisboa; Campus de Caparica; 2829-516 Caparica Portugal
| | - Damien Quemener
- Institut Européen des Membranes; IEM, UMR 5635; Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, CNRS, Place Eugène Bataillon; 34095 Montpellier Cedex 05 France
| | - Mona Semsarilar
- Institut Européen des Membranes; IEM, UMR 5635; Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, CNRS, Place Eugène Bataillon; 34095 Montpellier Cedex 05 France
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Xu Q, Tian C, Zhang L, Cheng Z, Zhu X. Photo-Controlled Polymerization-Induced Self-Assembly (Photo-PISA): A Novel Strategy Using In Situ Bromine-Iodine Transformation Living Radical Polymerization. Macromol Rapid Commun 2018; 40:e1800327. [PMID: 30027663 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201800327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A series of hydrophilic poly(poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate) (PPEGMA) macroinitiators and stabilizers are synthesized in methanol through in situ photo-controlled bromine-iodine transformation living radical polymerization, where ethyl α-bromophenylacetate (EBPA) is the initial initiator and is converted to an iodo-type initiator in the presence of NaI. The subsequent photo-controlled polymerization-induced self-assembly (photo-PISA) process is achieved by adding a second monomer, hydrophobic benzyl methacrylate (BnMA), under irradiation with blue light emitting diode (LED) light at room temperature. The effect of the target degree of polymerization (DP) of PPEGMA, PBnMA, as well as the solids content on the self-assembly behavior of block copolymer PPEGMA-b-PBnMA is evaluated by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and dynamic light scattering (DLS) characterization. Resulting uniform spherical micelles and vesicle aggregates are observed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua Xu
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Chun Tian
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Lifen Zhang
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Zhenping Cheng
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Xiulin Zhu
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.,Global Institute of Soft Technology, No. 5 Qingshan Road, Suzhou National Hi-Tech District, Suzhou, 215163, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Zhang Y, Wang Z, Matyjaszewski K, Pietrasik J. Evolution of Morphology of POEGMA‐
b
‐PBzMA Nano‐Objects Formed by PISA. Macromol Rapid Commun 2018; 40:e1800331. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201800331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yaoming Zhang
- Institute of Polymer and Dye Technology Lodz University of Technology Stefanowskiego 12/16 90‐924 Lodz Poland
| | - Zongyu Wang
- Department of Chemistry Carnegie Mellon University 4400 Fifth Avenue Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA
| | - Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
- Department of Chemistry Carnegie Mellon University 4400 Fifth Avenue Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA
- Department of Molecular Physics Lodz University of Technology Zeromskiego 116 90‐924 Lodz Poland
| | - Joanna Pietrasik
- Institute of Polymer and Dye Technology Lodz University of Technology Stefanowskiego 12/16 90‐924 Lodz Poland
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Xu S, Ng G, Xu J, Kuchel RP, Yeow J, Boyer C. 2-(Methylthio)ethyl Methacrylate: A Versatile Monomer for Stimuli Responsiveness and Polymerization-Induced Self-Assembly in the Presence of Air. ACS Macro Lett 2017; 6:1237-1244. [PMID: 35650777 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.7b00731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In this communication, we investigate the photoinduced electron/energy transfer-reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (PET-RAFT) polymerization of 2-(methylthio)ethyl methacrylate (MTEMA) using 5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphine zinc (ZnTPP) as a photocatalyst under visible red light (λmax = 635 nm). Interestingly, the polymerization kinetics were not affected by the presence of air as near identical polymerization kinetics were observed for non-deoxygenated and deoxygenated systems, which is attributed to the singlet oxygen quenching ability of MTEMA. In both cases, well-defined polymers were obtained with good control over the molecular weight and molecular weight distribution (MWD). Furthermore, we have demonstrated that MTEMA can undergo the polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA) process from a poly(oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate) (POEGMA) macromolecular chain transfer agent (macro-CTA) to yield well-defined polymeric nanoparticles of various morphologies. These nanoparticles were rapidly disassembled after exposure to visible light due to the formation of singlet oxygen by the encapsulated ZnTPP and subsequent rapid oxidation of the thioether group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sihao Xu
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for
NanoMedicine, School of Chemical Engineering, and ‡Electron Microscope Unit, Mark Wainwright
Analytical Centre, The University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Gervase Ng
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for
NanoMedicine, School of Chemical Engineering, and ‡Electron Microscope Unit, Mark Wainwright
Analytical Centre, The University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Jiangtao Xu
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for
NanoMedicine, School of Chemical Engineering, and ‡Electron Microscope Unit, Mark Wainwright
Analytical Centre, The University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Rhiannon P. Kuchel
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for
NanoMedicine, School of Chemical Engineering, and ‡Electron Microscope Unit, Mark Wainwright
Analytical Centre, The University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Jonathan Yeow
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for
NanoMedicine, School of Chemical Engineering, and ‡Electron Microscope Unit, Mark Wainwright
Analytical Centre, The University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Cyrille Boyer
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for
NanoMedicine, School of Chemical Engineering, and ‡Electron Microscope Unit, Mark Wainwright
Analytical Centre, The University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Yeow J, Boyer C. Photoinitiated Polymerization-Induced Self-Assembly (Photo-PISA): New Insights and Opportunities. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2017; 4:1700137. [PMID: 28725534 PMCID: PMC5514979 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201700137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 264] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA) process is a useful synthetic tool for the efficient synthesis of polymeric nanoparticles of different morphologies. Recently, studies on visible light initiated PISA processes have offered a number of key research opportunities that are not readily accessible using traditional thermally initiated systems. For example, visible light mediated PISA (Photo-PISA) enables a high degree of control over the dispersion polymerization process by manipulation of the wavelength and intensity of incident light. In some cases, the final nanoparticle morphology of a single formulation can be modulated by simple manipulation of these externally controlled parameters. In addition, temporal (and in principle spatial) control over the Photo-PISA process can be achieved in most cases. Exploitation of the mild room temperature polymerizations conditions can enable the encapsulation of thermally sensitive therapeutics to occur without compromising the polymerization rate and their activities. Finally, the Photo-PISA process can enable further mechanistic insights into the morphological evolution of nanoparticle formation such as the effects of temperature on the self-assembly process. The purpose of this mini-review is therefore to examine some of these recent advances that have been made in Photo-PISA processes, particularly in light of the specific advantages that may exist in comparison with conventional thermally initiated systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Yeow
- School of Chemical EngineeringCentre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD) and Australian Centre for Nanomedicine (ACN)UNSW SydneySydneyNSW2052Australia
| | - Cyrille Boyer
- School of Chemical EngineeringCentre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD) and Australian Centre for Nanomedicine (ACN)UNSW SydneySydneyNSW2052Australia
| |
Collapse
|