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Kohlbecher R, Müller TJJ. A Rational Design of Electrochemically and Photophysically Tunable Triarylamine Luminophores by Consecutive (Pseudo-)Four-Component Syntheses. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202304119. [PMID: 38227421 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202304119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
The concatenation of Suzuki coupling and two-fold Buchwald-Hartwig amination in sequentially palladium-catalyzed consecutive multicomponent syntheses paves a concise, convergent route to diversely functionalized para-biaryl-substituted triarylamines (p-bTAAs) from simple, readily available starting materials. An extensive library of p-bTAAs permits comprehensive investigations of their electronic properties by absorption and emission spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and quantum chemical calculations, which contribute to a deep understanding of their electronic structure. The synthesized p-bTAAs exhibit tunable fluorescence from blue to yellow upon photonic excitation with quantum yields up to 98 % in solution and 92 % in the solid state. Furthermore, a pronounced bathochromic shift of the emission maxima by increasing solvent polarity indicates positive emission solvatochromism. Aggregation-induced enhanced emission (AIEE) in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)/water mixtures causes the formation of intensely blue fluorescent aggregates. Cyclic voltammetry shows reversible first and second oxidations of p-bTAAs at low potentials, which are tunable by variation of the introduced para substituents. 3D Hammett plots resulting from the correlation of oxidation potentials and emission maxima with electronic substituent parameters emphasize the rational design of tailored p-bTAAs with predictable electrochemical and photophysical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Kohlbecher
- Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Universitätstrasse 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Thomas J J Müller
- Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Universitätstrasse 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
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2
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Hunjan MK, Panday S, Gupta A, Bhaumik J, Das P, Laha JK. Recent Advances in Functionalization of Pyrroles and their Translational Potential. CHEM REC 2021; 21:715-780. [PMID: 33650751 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202100010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Among the known aromatic nitrogen heterocycles, pyrrole represents a privileged aromatic heterocycle ranging its occurrence in the key component of "pigments of life" to biologically active natural products to active pharmaceuticals. Pyrrole being an electron-rich heteroaromatic compound, its predominant functionalization is legendary to aromatic electrophilic substitution reactions. Although a few excellent reviews on the functionalization of pyrroles including the reports by Baltazzi in 1963, Casiraghi and Rassu in 1995, and Banwell in 2006 are available, they are fragmentary and over fifteen years old, and do not cover the modern aspects of catalysis. A review covering a comprehensive package of direct functionalization on pyrroles via catalytic and non-catalytic methods including their translational potential is described. Subsequent to statutory yet concise introduction, the classical functionalization on pyrroles using Lewis acids largely following an ionic mechanism is discussed. The subsequent discussion follows the various metal-catalyzed C-H functionalization on pyrroles, which are otherwise difficult to implement by Lewis acids. A major emphasize is given on the radical based pyrrole functionalization under metal-free oxidative conditions, which is otherwise poorly highlighted in the literature. Towards the end, the current development of pyrrole functionalization under photocatalyzed and electrochemical conditions is appended. Only a selected examples of substrates and important mechanisms are discussed for different methods highlighting their scopes and limitations. The aromatic nucleophillic substitution on pyrroles (being an electron-rich heterocycle) happened to be the subject of recent investigations, which has also been covered accentuating their underlying conceptual development. Despite great achievements over the past several years in these areas, many challenges and problems are yet to be solved, which are all discussed in summary and outlook.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandeep Kaur Hunjan
- Department of Pharmaceutial Technology (Process Chemistry), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER) S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, 160062, India
| | - Surabhi Panday
- Department of Pharmaceutial Technology (Process Chemistry), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER) S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, 160062, India
| | - Anjali Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutial Technology (Process Chemistry), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER) S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, 160062, India
| | - Jayeeta Bhaumik
- Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing (CIAB), Department of Biotechnology (DBT), Government of India, Sector 81 (Knowledge City), S.A.S., Nagar, 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Parthasarathi Das
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines) Dhanbad, Dhanbad, 826004, India
| | - Joydev K Laha
- Department of Pharmaceutial Technology (Process Chemistry), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER) S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, 160062, India
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3
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Radhika S, Abdulla CMA, Aneeja T, Anilkumar G. Silver-catalysed C–H bond activation: a recent review. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj02156g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Transition metal catalysed C–H activations are efficient, simple, mild, cost-effective and stereoselective, and many of them are environmentally sustainable transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sankaran Radhika
- School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Priyadarsini Hills P.O., Kottayam, Kerala, 686560, India
| | - C. M. Afsina Abdulla
- School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Priyadarsini Hills P.O., Kottayam, Kerala, 686560, India
| | - Thaipparambil Aneeja
- School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Priyadarsini Hills P.O., Kottayam, Kerala, 686560, India
| | - Gopinathan Anilkumar
- School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Priyadarsini Hills P.O., Kottayam, Kerala, 686560, India
- Advanced Molecular Materials Research Centre (AMMRC), Mahatma Gandhi University, Priyadarsini Hills P.O., Kottayam, Kerala, 686560, India
- Institute for Integrated Programmes and Research in Basic Sciences (IIRBS), Mahatma Gandhi University, Priyadarsini Hills P.O., Kottayam, Kerala, 686560, India
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4
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Chen H, Han J, Wang L. Intramolecular Aryl Migration of Diaryliodonium Salts: Access to ortho
-Iodo Diaryl Ethers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201806405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huangguan Chen
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials; Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Jianwei Han
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials; Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 China
- Shanghai-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory in Chemical Synthesis; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; The Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Limin Wang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials; Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 China
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5
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Chen H, Han J, Wang L. Intramolecular Aryl Migration of Diaryliodonium Salts: Access to ortho-Iodo Diaryl Ethers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:12313-12317. [PMID: 30137685 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201806405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
By using vicinal trifluoromethanesulfonate-substituted diaryliodonium salts, a novel approach was developed for the synthesis of ortho-iodo diaryl ethers by intramolecular aryl migration. The reaction conditions are mild with a broad substrate scope. Mechanistic insight suggests a sulfonyl-directed nucleophilic aromatic substitution pathway. Additionally, the product ortho-iodo diaryl ethers serve as versatile synthons as demonstrated with several coupling reactions. Furthermore, a useful thyroxine analogue of the 3-iodo-l-thyronine (3-T1 ) derivative was synthesized by this aryl migration procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huangguan Chen
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Jianwei Han
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
- Shanghai-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory in Chemical Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Limin Wang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
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Soni V, Sharma DM, Punji B. Nickel-Catalyzed Regioselective C(2)-H Difluoroalkylation of Indoles with Difluoroalkyl Bromides. Chem Asian J 2018; 13:2516-2521. [PMID: 29722157 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201800504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Regioselective C(2)-H difluoroalkylation of C-3 unsubstituted indoles with commonly available fluoroalkyl bromides is successfully achieved employing a simple nickel catalyst system, (DME)NiCl2 /Xantphos. This methodology shows excellent regioselectivity and exhibits a broad substrate scope. Various functional groups, such as -OMe, -F, and -Br, are tolerated on the indole backbone to give the difluoroalkylated products in moderate to good yields. Preliminary mechanistic findings demonstrate that the reaction is homogeneous in nature and involves a radical manifold. Synthetic utility of this nickel-catalyzed method is demonstrated by synthesizing melatonin receptor antagonist Luzindole derivative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vineeta Soni
- Organometallic Synthesis and Catalysis Group, Chemical Engineering Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL), Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411 008, Maharastra, India
| | - Dipesh M Sharma
- Organometallic Synthesis and Catalysis Group, Chemical Engineering Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL), Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411 008, Maharastra, India
| | - Benudhar Punji
- Organometallic Synthesis and Catalysis Group, Chemical Engineering Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL), Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411 008, Maharastra, India
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7
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Stevens MA, Blair VL. Atom Efficient Magnesiation of
N
‐Substituted Alkyl Indoles with a Mixed Sodium‐Magnesium Base. Eur J Inorg Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201701317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael A. Stevens
- School of Chemistry Monash University Clayton 3800 Melbourne VIC Australia
| | - Victoria L. Blair
- School of Chemistry Monash University Clayton 3800 Melbourne VIC Australia
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8
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Lan C, Tian Z, Liang X, Gao M, Liu W, An Y, Fu W, Jiao G, Xiao J, Xu B. Copper-Catalyzed Aerobic Annulation of Hydrazones: Direct Access to Cinnolines. Adv Synth Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201700669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chunling Lan
- Department of Chemistry, Innovative Drug Research Center, Qianweichang College; Shanghai University; Shanghai 200444 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuang Tian
- Department of Chemistry, Innovative Drug Research Center, Qianweichang College; Shanghai University; Shanghai 200444 People's Republic of China
| | - Xuchun Liang
- Regeneration and Ageing Lab, School of Life Science; Shanghai University; Shanghai 200444 People's Republic of China
| | - Mingchun Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Innovative Drug Research Center, Qianweichang College; Shanghai University; Shanghai 200444 People's Republic of China
| | - Wenting Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Innovative Drug Research Center, Qianweichang College; Shanghai University; Shanghai 200444 People's Republic of China
| | - Yu An
- Department of Chemistry, Innovative Drug Research Center, Qianweichang College; Shanghai University; Shanghai 200444 People's Republic of China
| | - Wencheng Fu
- Regeneration and Ageing Lab, School of Life Science; Shanghai University; Shanghai 200444 People's Republic of China
| | - Guanming Jiao
- Regeneration and Ageing Lab, School of Life Science; Shanghai University; Shanghai 200444 People's Republic of China
| | - Junjie Xiao
- Regeneration and Ageing Lab, School of Life Science; Shanghai University; Shanghai 200444 People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Innovative Drug Research Center, Qianweichang College; Shanghai University; Shanghai 200444 People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shanghai 200032 People's Republic of China
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9
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Chen S, Wei W, Wang J, Xia Y, Shen Y, Wu X, Jing H, Liang Y. Palladium‐Catalyzed Isocyanide Insertion with Allylic Esters: Synthesis of
N
‐(But‐2‐enoyl)‐
N
‐(
tert
‐butyl)benzamide Derivatives
via
Intramolecular Acyl Transfer Termination. Adv Synth Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201700765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Si Chen
- Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 People's Republic of China
| | - Wan‐Xu Wei
- Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Xia
- Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Shen
- Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 People's Republic of China
| | - Xin‐Xing Wu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Inner Mongolia University Hohhot 010021 People's Republic of China
| | - Huanwang Jing
- Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 People's Republic of China
| | - Yong‐Min Liang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 People's Republic of China
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