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Xu Y, Chen M, Yu S, Zhou H. High-performance flexible strain sensors based on silver film wrinkles modulated by liquid PDMS substrates. RSC Adv 2023; 13:33697-33706. [PMID: 38020005 PMCID: PMC10654890 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra06020a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Flexible strain sensors based on controllable surface microstructures in film-substrate systems can be extensively applied in high-tech fields such as human-machine interfaces, electronic skins, and soft robots. However, the rigid functional films are susceptible to structural destruction and interfacial failure under large strains or high loading speeds, limiting the stability and durability of the sensors. Here we report on a facile technique to prepare high-performance flexible strain sensors based on controllable wrinkles by depositing silver films on liquid polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrates. The silver atoms can penetrate into the surface of liquid PDMS to form an interlocking layer during deposition, enhancing the interfacial adhesion greatly. After deposition, the liquid PDMS is spontaneously solidified to stabilize the film microstructures. The surface patterns are well modulated by changing film thickness, prepolymer-to-crosslinker ratio of liquid PDMS, and strain value. The flexible strain sensors based on the silver film/liquid PDMS system show high sensitivity (above 4000), wide sensing range (∼80%), quick response speed (∼80 ms), and good stability (above 6000 cycles), and have a broad application prospect in the fields of health monitoring and motion tracking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing Quality Big Data Tracing and Analysis of Zhejiang Province, College of Science, China Jiliang University Hangzhou 310018 P.R. China
| | - Miaogen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing Quality Big Data Tracing and Analysis of Zhejiang Province, College of Science, China Jiliang University Hangzhou 310018 P.R. China
| | - Senjiang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Novel Materials for Sensor of Zhejiang Province, College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University Hangzhou 310018 P.R. China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing Quality Big Data Tracing and Analysis of Zhejiang Province, College of Science, China Jiliang University Hangzhou 310018 P.R. China
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Choi IS, Park S, Jeon S, Kwon YW, Park R, Taylor RA, Kyhm K, Hong SW. Strain-tunable optical microlens arrays with deformable wrinkles for spatially coordinated image projection on a security substrate. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2022; 8:98. [PMID: 36119375 PMCID: PMC9474807 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-022-00399-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
As a new concept in materials design, a variety of strategies have been developed to fabricate optical microlens arrays (MLAs) that enable the miniaturization of optical systems on the micro/nanoscale to improve their characteristic performance with unique optical functionality. In this paper, we introduce a cost-effective and facile fabrication process on a large scale up to ~15 inches via sequential lithographic methods to produce thin and deformable hexagonally arranged MLAs consisting of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). Simple employment of oxygen plasma treatment on the prestrained MLAs effectively harnessed the spontaneous formation of highly uniform nanowrinkled structures all over the surface of the elastomeric microlenses. With strain-controlled tunability, unexpected optical diffraction patterns were characterized by the interference combination effect of the microlens and deformable nanowrinkles. Consequently, the hierarchically structured MLAs presented here have the potential to produce desirable spatial arrangements, which may provide easily accessible opportunities to realize microlens-based technology by tunable focal lengths for more advanced micro-optical devices and imaging projection elements on unconventional security substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- In Sik Choi
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Department of Optics and Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241 Republic of Korea
| | - Seongho Park
- Research Center for Dielectric and Advanced Matter Physics, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241 Republic of Korea
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PU UK
| | - Sangheon Jeon
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Department of Optics and Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241 Republic of Korea
| | - Young Woo Kwon
- Department of Nano-Fusion Technology, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241 Republic of Korea
| | - Rowoon Park
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Department of Optics and Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241 Republic of Korea
| | | | - Kwangseuk Kyhm
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Department of Optics and Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241 Republic of Korea
| | - Suck Won Hong
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Department of Optics and Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241 Republic of Korea
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Liu E, Zhang X, Ji H, Li Q, Li L, Wang J, Han X, Yu S, Xu F, Cao Y, Lu C. Polarization‐Dependent Ultrasensitive Dynamic Wrinkling on Floating Films Induced by Photo‐Orientation of Azopolymer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202203715. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202203715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Enping Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
| | - Xiaoliang Zhang
- Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics Fudan University Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
| | - Haipeng Ji
- China Aerospace Science and Industry Corporation Sixth Academy No. 46 Institute Hohhot 010010 P. R. China
| | - Qifeng Li
- School of Precision Instruments and Optoelectronics Engineering Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
| | - Lele Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
| | - Juanjuan Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Tianjin Key Laboratory of Building Green Functional Materials Tianjin Chengjian University Tianjin 300384 P. R. China
| | - Xue Han
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Tianjin Key Laboratory of Building Green Functional Materials Tianjin Chengjian University Tianjin 300384 P. R. China
| | - Shixiong Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
| | - Fan Xu
- Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics Fudan University Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
| | - Yanping Cao
- Department of Engineering Mechanics Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Conghua Lu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Tianjin Key Laboratory of Building Green Functional Materials Tianjin Chengjian University Tianjin 300384 P. R. China
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5
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Liu E, Zhang X, Ji H, Li Q, Li L, Wang J, Han X, Yu S, Xu F, Cao Y, Lu C. Polarization‐Dependent Ultrasensitive Dynamic Wrinkling on Floating Films Induced by Photo‐Orientation of Azopolymer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202203715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Enping Liu
- Tianjin University School of Materials Science and Engineering 300072 Tianjin CHINA
| | - Xiaoliang Zhang
- Fudan University Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics CHINA
| | - Haipeng Ji
- China Aerospace Science and Industry Corp Sixth Academy No. 46 Institute 010010 Hohhot CHINA
| | - Qifeng Li
- Tianjin University School of Precision Instruments and Optoelectronics Engineering 300072 Tianjin CHINA
| | - Lele Li
- Tianjin University School of Materials Science and Engineering CHINA
| | - Juanjuan Wang
- Tianjin Chengjian University School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Building Green Functional Materials 300384 Tianjin CHINA
| | - Xue Han
- Tianjin Chengjian University School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Building Green Functional Materials 300384 Tianjin CHINA
| | - Shixiong Yu
- Tianjin University School of Materials Science and Engineering 300072 Tianjin CHINA
| | - Fan Xu
- Fudan University Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics 200433 Shanghai CHINA
| | - Yanping Cao
- Tsinghua University Department of Engineering Mechanics 100084 Beijing CHINA
| | - Conghua Lu
- Tianjin University Nankai District, Weijin Road No.92 300384 Tianjin CHINA
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Du JS, Shin D, Stanev TK, Musumeci C, Xie Z, Huang Z, Lai M, Sun L, Zhou W, Stern NP, Dravid VP, Mirkin CA. Halide perovskite nanocrystal arrays: Multiplexed synthesis and size-dependent emission. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:6/39/eabc4959. [PMID: 32967836 PMCID: PMC7531881 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abc4959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Halide perovskites have exceptional optoelectronic properties, but a poor understanding of the relationship between crystal dimensions, composition, and properties limits their use in integrated devices. We report a new multiplexed cantilever-free scanning probe method for synthesizing compositionally diverse and size-controlled halide perovskite nanocrystals spanning square centimeter areas. Single-particle photoluminescence studies reveal multiple independent emission modes due to defect-defined band edges with relative intensities that depend on crystal size at a fixed composition. Smaller particles, but ones with dimensions that exceed the quantum confinement regime, exhibit blue-shifted emission due to reabsorption of higher-energy modes. Six different halide perovskites have been synthesized, including a layered Ruddlesden-Popper phase, and the method has been used to prepare functional solar cells based on single nanocrystals. The ability to pattern arrays of multicolor light-emitting nanocrystals opens avenues toward the development of optoelectronic devices, including optical displays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingshan S Du
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Donghoon Shin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Teodor K Stanev
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Chiara Musumeci
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- NUANCE Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Zhuang Xie
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Ziyin Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Minliang Lai
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Lin Sun
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Wenjie Zhou
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Nathaniel P Stern
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Vinayak P Dravid
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- NUANCE Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Chad A Mirkin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
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Abstract
The solar photovoltaic (PV) cell is a prominent energy harvesting device that reduces the strain in the conventional energy generation approach and endorses the prospectiveness of renewable energy. Thus, the exploration in this ever-green field is worth the effort. From the power conversion efficiency standpoint of view, PVs are consistently improving, and when analyzing the potential areas that can be advanced, more and more exciting challenges are encountered. One such crucial challenge is to increase the photon availability for PV conversion. This challenge is solved using two ways. First, by suppressing the reflection at the interface of the solar cell, and the other way is to enhance the optical pathlength inside the cell for adequate absorption of the photons. Our review addresses this challenge by emphasizing the various strategies that aid in trapping the light in the solar cells. These strategies include the usage of antireflection coatings (ARCs) and light-trapping structures. The primary focus of this study is to review the ARCs from a PV application perspective based on various materials, and it highlights the development of ARCs from more than the past three decades covering the structure, fabrication techniques, optical performance, features, and research potential of ARCs reported. More importantly, various ARCs researched with different classes of PV cells, and their impact on its efficiency is given a special attention. To enhance the optical pathlength, and thus the absorption in solar PV devices, an insight about the advanced light-trapping techniques that deals with the concept of plasmonics, spectral modification, and other prevailing innovative light-trapping structures approaching the Yablonovitch limit is discussed. An extensive collection of information is presented as tables under each core review section. Further, we take a step forward to brief the effects of ageing on ARCs and their influence on the device performance. Finally, we summarize the review of ARCs on the basis of structures, materials, optical performance, multifunctionality, stability, and cost-effectiveness along with a master table comparing the selected high-performance ARCs with perfect AR coatings. Also, from the discussed significant challenges faced by ARCs and future outlook; this work directs the researchers to identify the area of expertise where further research analysis is needed in near future.
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