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Grabicki N, Fisher S, Dumele O. A Fourfold Gold(I)-Aryl Macrocycle with Hyperbolic Geometry and its Reductive Elimination to a Carbon Nanoring Host. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202217917. [PMID: 36753601 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202217917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
An ethylene glycol-decorated [6]cyclo-meta-phenylene (CMP) macrocycle was synthesized and utilized as a subunit to construct a fourfold AuI 2 -aryl metallacycle with an overall square arrangement. The corners consist of rigid dinuclear gold(I) complexes previously known to form only triangular metallacycles. The interplay between the conformational flexibility of the [6]CMP macrocycle and the rigid dinuclear gold(I) moieties enable the square geometry, as revealed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The formation of the gold complex shows size-selectivity compared to an alternative route using platinum(II) corner motifs. Upon reductive elimination, an all-organic ether-decorated carbon nanoring was obtained. Investigation as a host for the complexation of large guest molecules with a suitable convex π-surfaces was accomplished using isothermal NMR binding titrations. Association constants for [6]cycloparaphenylene ([6]CPP), [7]CPP, C60 , and C70 were determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Grabicki
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Straße 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sergey Fisher
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Straße 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Oliver Dumele
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Straße 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
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2
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Liu C, Zhang T, Li T, Wang Y. Homogeneous‐to‐Heterogeneous‐Strategy Enables Multifunctional Phase‐Change Materials for Energy Storage. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200502. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Changhui Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Coal-Based Greenhouse Gas Control and Utilization, School of Low-carbon Energy and Power Engineering China University of Mining and Technology Xuzhou Jiangsu 221008 P. R. China
| | - Tianjian Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan Hubei 430074 P. R. China
| | - Tingsong Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Coal-Based Greenhouse Gas Control and Utilization, School of Low-carbon Energy and Power Engineering China University of Mining and Technology Xuzhou Jiangsu 221008 P. R. China
| | - Yafei Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Coal-Based Greenhouse Gas Control and Utilization, School of Low-carbon Energy and Power Engineering China University of Mining and Technology Xuzhou Jiangsu 221008 P. R. China
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3
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Kohrs D, Becker J, Wegner HA. A Modular Synthesis of Substituted Cycloparaphenylenes. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202104239. [PMID: 35001444 PMCID: PMC9302675 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202104239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report a modular synthesis providing access to substituted cycloparaphenylenes (CPPs) of different sizes. A key synthon introducing two geminal ester units was efficiently prepared by [2+2+2] cycloaddition. This building block can be conveniently converted to macrocyclic precursors controlling the ring size of the final CPP. Efficient reductive aromatization through single‐electron transfer provided the substituted nanohoops in a straightforward manner. The tBu ester substitution pattern enables a tube‐like arrangement in the solid‐state governed by van der Waals interactions that exhibits one of the tightest packings of CPPs in tube direction, thus opening new avenues in the crystal design of CPPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Kohrs
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Justus Liebig University Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17 35392 Giessen Germany
- Center for Materials Research (ZfM/LaMa) Justus Liebig University Giessen Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16 35392 Giessen Germany
| | - Jonathan Becker
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Justus Liebig University Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17 35392 Giessen Germany
| | - Hermann A. Wegner
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Justus Liebig University Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17 35392 Giessen Germany
- Center for Materials Research (ZfM/LaMa) Justus Liebig University Giessen Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16 35392 Giessen Germany
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4
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Grabicki N, Nguyen KTD, Weidner S, Dumele O. Supramolekulare Bindungstaschen in [
n
]Cyclo‐2,7‐pyrenylenen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202102809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Grabicki
- Institut für Chemie Humboldt Universität zu Berlin Brook-Taylor-Straße 2 12489 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Khoa T. D. Nguyen
- Institut für Chemie Humboldt Universität zu Berlin Brook-Taylor-Straße 2 12489 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Steffen Weidner
- Bundesanstalt für Materialprüfung Richard-Willstätter-Straße 11 12489 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Oliver Dumele
- Institut für Chemie Humboldt Universität zu Berlin Brook-Taylor-Straße 2 12489 Berlin Deutschland
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5
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Grabicki N, Nguyen KTD, Weidner S, Dumele O. Confined Spaces in [n]Cyclo-2,7-pyrenylenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:14909-14914. [PMID: 33887087 PMCID: PMC8251724 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202102809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A set of strained aromatic macrocycles based on [n]cyclo-2,7-(4,5,9,10-tetrahydro)pyrenylenes is presented with size-dependent photophysical properties. The K-region of pyrene was functionalized with ethylene glycol groups to decorate the outer rim and thereby confine the space inside the macrocycle. This confined space is especially pronounced for n=5, which leads to an internal binding of up to 8.0×104 m-1 between the ether-decorated [5]cyclo-2,7-pyrenylene and shape-complementary crown ether-cation complexes. Both the ether-decorated [n]cyclo-pyrenylenes as well as one of their host-guest complexes have been structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray analysis. In combination with computational methods the structural and thermodynamic reasons for the exceptionally strong binding have been elucidated. The presented rim confinement strategy makes cycloparaphenylenes an attractive supramolecular host family with a favorable, size-independent read-out signature and binding capabilities extending beyond fullerene guests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Grabicki
- Department of ChemistryHumboldt Universität zu BerlinBrook-Taylor-Strasse 212489BerlinGermany
| | - Khoa T. D. Nguyen
- Department of ChemistryHumboldt Universität zu BerlinBrook-Taylor-Strasse 212489BerlinGermany
| | - Steffen Weidner
- Bundesanstalt für MaterialprüfungFederal Institute for Material Research and TestingRichard-Willstätter-Strasse 1112489BerlinGermany
| | - Oliver Dumele
- Department of ChemistryHumboldt Universität zu BerlinBrook-Taylor-Strasse 212489BerlinGermany
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6
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Zhou Z, Wei Z, Ikemoto K, Sato S, Isobe H, Petrukhina MA. Chemical Reduction of a Nanosized [6]Cyclo‐2,7‐naphthylene Macrocycle. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202100942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhou
- Department of Chemistry University at Albany, State University of New York 1400 Washington Ave Albany NY 12222 USA
| | - Zheng Wei
- Department of Chemistry University at Albany, State University of New York 1400 Washington Ave Albany NY 12222 USA
| | - Koki Ikemoto
- Department of Chemistry The University of Tokyo Hongo 7-3-1 Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Sota Sato
- Department of Chemistry The University of Tokyo Hongo 7-3-1 Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Isobe
- Department of Chemistry The University of Tokyo Hongo 7-3-1 Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Marina A. Petrukhina
- Department of Chemistry University at Albany, State University of New York 1400 Washington Ave Albany NY 12222 USA
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7
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Zhou Z, Wei Z, Ikemoto K, Sato S, Isobe H, Petrukhina MA. Chemical Reduction of a Nanosized [6]Cyclo-2,7-naphthylene Macrocycle. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:11201-11205. [PMID: 33617079 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202100942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Chemical reduction of a naphthylene macrocycle, [6]cyclo-2,7-naphthylene ([6]CNAP, 1), with alkali metals, Li and K, revealed the accessibility of the doubly-reduced state of 1. The macrocyclic 12- anion was isolated in different coordination environments and crystallographically characterized. The single-crystal X-ray diffraction confirmed the formation of contact-ion complexes with one Li+ and two K+ ions in THF, and a "naked" dianion in the solvent-separated ion product with K+ ions in the presence of 18-crown-6 ether. The detailed structural analysis of 12- showed that the π-conjugation over the biaryl linkages between naphthylene panels were enhanced upon two-fold reduction, which was rationally explained by theoretical calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Ave, Albany, NY, 12222, USA
| | - Zheng Wei
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Ave, Albany, NY, 12222, USA
| | - Koki Ikemoto
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Sota Sato
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Isobe
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Marina A Petrukhina
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Ave, Albany, NY, 12222, USA
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8
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Lovell TC, Garrison ZR, Jasti R. Synthesis, Characterization, and Computational Investigation of Bright Orange‐Emitting Benzothiadiazole [10]Cycloparaphenylene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202006350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Terri C. Lovell
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry Materials Science Institute, and Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact University of Oregon Eugene OR 97403 USA
| | - Zachary R. Garrison
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry Materials Science Institute, and Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact University of Oregon Eugene OR 97403 USA
| | - Ramesh Jasti
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry Materials Science Institute, and Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact University of Oregon Eugene OR 97403 USA
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9
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Lovell TC, Garrison ZR, Jasti R. Synthesis, Characterization, and Computational Investigation of Bright Orange‐Emitting Benzothiadiazole [10]Cycloparaphenylene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:14363-14367. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202006350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Terri C. Lovell
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry Materials Science Institute, and Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact University of Oregon Eugene OR 97403 USA
| | - Zachary R. Garrison
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry Materials Science Institute, and Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact University of Oregon Eugene OR 97403 USA
| | - Ramesh Jasti
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry Materials Science Institute, and Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact University of Oregon Eugene OR 97403 USA
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10
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Zhu HY, Li QS. Insights into the Photoinduced Isomerization Mechanisms of a N,C-Chelate Organoboron Compound: A Theoretical Study. Chemphyschem 2020; 21:510-517. [PMID: 32040267 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202000049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
As the first discovered organoboron compound with photochromic property, B(ppy)Mes2 (ppy=2-phenylpyridine, Mes=mesityl) displays rich photochemistry that constitutes a solid foundation for wide applications in optoelectronic fields. In this work, we investigated the B(ppy)Mes2 to borirane isomerization mechanisms in the three lowest electronic states (S0 , S1 , and T1 ) based on the complete active space self-consistent field (CASSCF) and its second-order perturbation (CASPT2) methods combined with time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) calculations. Our results show that the photoisomerization in the S1 state is dominant, which is initiated by the cleavage of the B-Cppy bond. After overcoming a barrier of 0.5 eV, the reaction pathway leads to a conical intersection between the S1 and S0 states (S1 /S0 )x , from which the decay path may go back to the reactant B(ppy)Mes2 via a closed-shell intermediate (Int1-S0 ) or to the product borirane via a biradical intermediate (Int2-S0 ). Although triplet states are probably involved in the photoinduced process, the possibility of the photoisomerization in T1 state is very small owing to the weakly allowed S1 →T1 intersystem crossing and the high energy barrier (0.77 eV). In addition, we found the photoisomerization is thermally reversible, which is consistent with the experimental observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Yang Zhu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Quan-Song Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
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11
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Affiliation(s)
- Youzhi Xu
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Neue MaterialienUniversität Ulm Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 89081 Ulm Deutschland
| | - Max Delius
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Neue MaterialienUniversität Ulm Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 89081 Ulm Deutschland
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12
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Xu Y, von Delius M. The Supramolecular Chemistry of Strained Carbon Nanohoops. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 59:559-573. [PMID: 31190449 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201906069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Since 1996, a growing number of strained macrocycles, comprising only sp2 - or sp-hybridized carbon atoms within the ring, have become synthetically accessible, with the [n]cycloparaphenyleneacetylenes (CPPAs) and the [n]cycloparaphenylenes (CPPs) being the most prominent examples. Now that robust and relatively general synthetic routes toward a diverse range of nanohoop structures have become available, the research focus is beginning to shift towards the exploration of their properties and applications. From a supramolecular chemistry perspective, these macrocycles offer unique opportunities as a result of their near-perfect circular shape, the unusually high degree of shape-persistence, and the presence of both convex and concave π-faces. In this Minireview, we give an overview on the use of strained carbon-rich nanohoops in host-guest chemistry, the preparation of mechanically interlocked architectures, and crystal engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youzhi Xu
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Advanced Materials, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Max von Delius
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Advanced Materials, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
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13
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Wu D, Cheng W, Ban X, Xia J. Cycloparaphenylenes (CPPs): An Overview of Synthesis, Properties, and Potential Applications. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201800397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Di Wu
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science; Wuhan University of Technology; No. 122 Luoshi Road Wuhan 430070 China
| | - Wei Cheng
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science; Wuhan University of Technology; No. 122 Luoshi Road Wuhan 430070 China
| | - Xiangtao Ban
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science; Wuhan University of Technology; No. 122 Luoshi Road Wuhan 430070 China
| | - Jianlong Xia
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science; Wuhan University of Technology; No. 122 Luoshi Road Wuhan 430070 China
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing; Wuhan University of Technology; No. 122 Luoshi Road Wuhan 430070 China
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14
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Gu L, Shi H, Gu M, Ling K, Ma H, Cai S, Song L, Ma C, Li H, Xing G, Hang X, Li J, Gao Y, Yao W, Shuai Z, An Z, Liu X, Huang W. Dynamic Ultralong Organic Phosphorescence by Photoactivation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201712381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Long Gu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing 211800 China
| | - Huifang Shi
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing 211800 China
| | - Mingxing Gu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing 211800 China
| | - Kun Ling
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing 211800 China
| | - Huili Ma
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing 211800 China
| | - Suzhi Cai
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing 211800 China
| | - Lulu Song
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing 211800 China
| | - Chaoqun Ma
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing 211800 China
| | - Hai Li
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing 211800 China
| | - Guichuan Xing
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing 211800 China
| | - Xiaochun Hang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing 211800 China
| | - Jiewei Li
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing 211800 China
| | - Yaru Gao
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing 211800 China
| | - Wei Yao
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing 211800 China
| | - Zhigang Shuai
- Key Laboratory of Organic OptoElectronics and Molecular, Engineering Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Zhongfu An
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing 211800 China
| | - Xiaogang Liu
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore Singapore 117543 Singapore
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing 211800 China
- Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE) Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU) 127 West Youyi Road Xi'an 710072 China
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15
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Gu L, Shi H, Gu M, Ling K, Ma H, Cai S, Song L, Ma C, Li H, Xing G, Hang X, Li J, Gao Y, Yao W, Shuai Z, An Z, Liu X, Huang W. Dynamic Ultralong Organic Phosphorescence by Photoactivation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:8425-8431. [PMID: 29766632 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201712381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Smart materials with ultralong phosphorescence are rarely investigated and reported. Herein we report on a series of molecules with unique dynamic ultralong organic phosphorescence (UOP) features, enabled by manipulating intermolecular interactions through UV light irradiation. Our experimental data reveal that prolonged irradiation of single-component organic phosphors of PCzT, BCzT, and FCzT under ambient conditions can activate UOP with emission lifetimes spanning from 1.8 to 1330 ms. These phosphors can also be deactivated back to their original states with short-lived phosphorescence by UV irradiation for 3 h at room temperature or through thermal treatment. Additionally, the dynamic UOP was applied successfully for a visual anti-counterfeiting application. These findings may provide unique insight into dynamic molecular motion for optical processing and expand the scope of smart-response materials for broader applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Gu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211800, China
| | - Huifang Shi
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211800, China
| | - Mingxing Gu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211800, China
| | - Kun Ling
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211800, China
| | - Huili Ma
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211800, China
| | - Suzhi Cai
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211800, China
| | - Lulu Song
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211800, China
| | - Chaoqun Ma
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211800, China
| | - Hai Li
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211800, China
| | - Guichuan Xing
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211800, China
| | - Xiaochun Hang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211800, China
| | - Jiewei Li
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211800, China
| | - Yaru Gao
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211800, China
| | - Wei Yao
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211800, China
| | - Zhigang Shuai
- Key Laboratory of Organic OptoElectronics and Molecular, Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Zhongfu An
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211800, China
| | - Xiaogang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211800, China.,Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
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16
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Abstract
Empty spaces are abhorred by nature, which immediately rushes in to fill the void. Humans have learnt pretty well how to make ordered empty nanocontainers, and to get useful products out of them. When such an order is imparted to molecules, new properties may appear, often yielding advanced applications. This review illustrates how the organized void space inherently present in various materials: zeolites, clathrates, mesoporous silica/organosilica, and metal organic frameworks (MOF), for example, can be exploited to create confined, organized, and self-assembled supramolecular structures of low dimensionality. Features of the confining matrices relevant to organization are presented with special focus on molecular-level aspects. Selected examples of confined supramolecular assemblies - from small molecules to quantum dots or luminescent species - are aimed to show the complexity and potential of this approach. Natural confinement (minerals) and hyperconfinement (high pressure) provide further opportunities to understand and master the atomistic-level interactions governing supramolecular organization under nanospace restrictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Tabacchi
- Department of Science and High Technology, University of Insubria, Via Valleggio, 9 I-22100, Como, Italy
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