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Peng X, Zhang M, Zhang T, Zhou Y, Ni J, Wang X, Jiang L. Single-atom and cluster catalysts for thermocatalytic ammonia synthesis at mild conditions. Chem Sci 2024; 15:5897-5915. [PMID: 38665515 PMCID: PMC11041362 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc06998b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Ammonia (NH3) is closely related to the fields of food and energy that humans depend on. The exploitation of advanced catalysts for NH3 synthesis has been a research hotspot for more than one hundred years. Previous studies have shown that the Ru B5 sites (step sites on the Ru (0001) surface uniquely arranged with five Ru atoms) and Fe C7 sites (iron atoms with seven nearest neighbors) over nanoparticle catalysts are highly reactive for N2-to-NH3 conversion. In recent years, single-atom and cluster catalysts, where the B5 sites and C7 sites are absent, have emerged as promising catalysts for efficient NH3 synthesis. In this review, we focus on the recent advances in single-atom and cluster catalysts, including single-atom catalysts (SACs), single-cluster catalysts (SCCs), and bimetallic-cluster catalysts (BCCs), for thermocatalytic NH3 synthesis at mild conditions. In addition, we discussed and summarized the unique structural properties and reaction performance as well as reaction mechanisms over single-atom and cluster catalysts in comparison with traditional nanoparticle catalysts. Finally, the challenges and prospects in the rational design of efficient single-atom and cluster catalysts for NH3 synthesis were provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanbei Peng
- National Engineering Research Center of Chemical Fertilizer Catalyst, Fuzhou University Fuzhou Fujian 350002 China
- Qingyuan Innovat Lab Quanzhou Fujian 362801 China
| | - Mingyuan Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Chemical Fertilizer Catalyst, Fuzhou University Fuzhou Fujian 350002 China
| | - Tianhua Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Chemical Fertilizer Catalyst, Fuzhou University Fuzhou Fujian 350002 China
| | - Yanliang Zhou
- National Engineering Research Center of Chemical Fertilizer Catalyst, Fuzhou University Fuzhou Fujian 350002 China
- Qingyuan Innovat Lab Quanzhou Fujian 362801 China
| | - Jun Ni
- National Engineering Research Center of Chemical Fertilizer Catalyst, Fuzhou University Fuzhou Fujian 350002 China
| | - Xiuyun Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Chemical Fertilizer Catalyst, Fuzhou University Fuzhou Fujian 350002 China
- Qingyuan Innovat Lab Quanzhou Fujian 362801 China
| | - Lilong Jiang
- National Engineering Research Center of Chemical Fertilizer Catalyst, Fuzhou University Fuzhou Fujian 350002 China
- Qingyuan Innovat Lab Quanzhou Fujian 362801 China
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Wang R, Gao W, Feng S, Guan Y, Wang Q, Guo J, Chen P. Zn Promotes Chemical Looping Ammonia Synthesis Mediated by LiH-Li 2 NH Couple. CHEMSUSCHEM 2023; 16:e202300813. [PMID: 37461801 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202300813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Chemical looping ammonia synthesis (CLAS) is a promising alternative route to ammonia production because of its advantages of avoiding competitive adsorption of N2 and hydrogen source (H2 O or H2 ) and intervening the scaling relations in the catalytic process. Our previous studies showed that NH3 can be synthesized at low temperatures via a CLAS mediated by an alkali or alkaline earth metal hydride-imide couple with the aid of transition metal catalysts. Herein, we demonstrate that a group-IIB metal Zn, which has rarely been studied in the thermal-catalytic process, can significantly promote the performance of the lithium hydride-lithium imide (LiH-Li2 NH)-mediated CLAS process (denoted as Zn-LiH-Li2 NH). The addition of Zn dramatically changes the reaction pathway of the LiH-Li2 NH mediated loop by forming a series of intermediates including Li2 NH, lithium zinc intermetallic compounds (LiZnx ), and a ternary metal nitride (LiZnN). LiZnN together with Li2 NH functions as nitrogen carrier in the Zn-LiH-Li2 NH-mediated CLAS. Because of these properties, the kinetics of N2 fixation is significantly enhanced with a reduction in apparent activation energy from 102 kJ mol-1 to 50 kJ mol-1 . The ammonia production rate reaches 956 μmol g-1 h-1 at 350 °C, which is 19 times higher than that of the neat LiH-Li2 NH-mediated CLAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runze Wang
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Wenbo Gao
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Sheng Feng
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, P. R. China
- Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China
| | - Yeqin Guan
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Qianru Wang
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jianping Guo
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Ping Chen
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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Guan Y, Liu C, Wang Q, Gao W, Hansen HA, Guo J, Vegge T, Chen P. Transition‐Metal‐Free Barium Hydride Mediates Dinitrogen Fixation and Ammonia Synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202205805. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202205805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yeqin Guan
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Chuangwei Liu
- Department of Energy Conversion and Storage Technical University of Denmark 2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Northeastern University Shenyang 110819 China
| | - Qianru Wang
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Wenbo Gao
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Heine Anton Hansen
- Department of Energy Conversion and Storage Technical University of Denmark 2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
| | - Jianping Guo
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Tejs Vegge
- Department of Energy Conversion and Storage Technical University of Denmark 2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
| | - Ping Chen
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
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Yang Z, Huang Z, Zhao S, Meng Y, Xie B, Ni Z, Xia S. Theoretical study on structural properties and mechanism of nitrogen reduction of monatomic Sc and Mo doped Li defect LiH. Chem Phys Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2022.139855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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5
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Guan Y, Liu C, Wang Q, Gao W, Hansen HA, Guo J, Vegge T, Chen P. Transition‐Metal‐Free Barium Hydride Mediates Dinitrogen Fixation and Ammonia Synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202205805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yeqin Guan
- DICP: Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Hydrogen energy and advanced materials CHINA
| | - Chuangwei Liu
- Technical University of Denmark: Danmarks Tekniske Universitet Department of Energy Conversion and Storage DENMARK
| | - Qianru Wang
- DICP: Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Department of Energy Conversion and Storage CHINA
| | - Wenbo Gao
- DICP: Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Hydrogen energy and advanced materials CHINA
| | - Heine Anton Hansen
- Technical University of Denmark: Danmarks Tekniske Universitet Department of Energy Conversion and Storage DENMARK
| | - Jianping Guo
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Hydrogen energy and advanced materials 457 Zhongshan Road 116023 Dalian CHINA
| | - Tejs Vegge
- Technical University of Denmark: Danmarks Tekniske Universitet Department of Energy Conversion and Storage DENMARK
| | - Ping Chen
- DICP: Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Hydrogen energy and advanced materials CHINA
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Ravi M, Makepeace JW. Facilitating green ammonia manufacture under milder conditions: what do heterogeneous catalyst formulations have to offer? Chem Sci 2022; 13:890-908. [PMID: 35211256 PMCID: PMC8790769 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc04734e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Ammonia production is one of the largest industrial processes, and is currently responsible for over 1.5% of global greenhouse gas emissions. Decarbonising this process, yielding 'green ammonia', is critical not only for sustainable fertilizer production, but also to unlocking ammonia's potential as a zero-carbon fuel and hydrogen store. In this perspective, we critically assess the role of cutting-edge heterogeneous catalysts to facilitate milder ammonia synthesis conditions that will help unlock cheaper, smaller-scale, renewables-coupled ammonia production. The highly-optimised performance of catalysts under the high temperatures and pressures of the Haber-Bosch process stands in contrast to the largely mediocre activity levels reported at lower temperatures and pressures. We identify the recent advances in catalyst design that help overcome the sluggish kinetics of nitrogen activation under these conditions and undertake a categorized analysis of improved activity achieved in a range of heterogeneous catalysts. Building on these observations, we develop a 'catalyst efficiency' analysis which helps uncover the success of a holistic approach - one that addresses the issues of nitrogen activation, hydrogenation of adsorbed nitrogen species, and engineering of materials to maximize the utilization of active sites - for achieving the elusive combination of high-activity, low-temperature formulations. Furthermore, we present a discussion on the industrial considerations to catalyst development, emphasising the importance of catalyst lifetime in addition to catalyst activity. This assessment is critical to ensuring that high productivities can translate into real advances in commercial ammonia synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Ravi
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham Birmingham B15 2TT UK
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Chang F, Gao W, Guo J, Chen P. Emerging Materials and Methods toward Ammonia-Based Energy Storage and Conversion. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2005721. [PMID: 33834538 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202005721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Efficient storage and conversion of renewable energies is of critical importance to the sustainable growth of human society. With its distinguishing features of high hydrogen content, high energy density, facile storage/transportation, and zero-carbon emission, ammonia has been recently considered as a promising energy carrier for long-term and large-scale energy storage. Under this scenario, the synthesis, storage, and utilization of ammonia are key components for the implementation of ammonia-mediated energy system. Being different from fossil fuels, renewable energies normally have intermittent and variable nature, and thus pose demands on the improvement of existing technologies and simultaneously the development of alternative methods and materials for ammonia synthesis and storage. The energy release from ammonia in an efficient manner, on the other hand, is vital to achieve a sustainable energy supply and complete the nitrogen circle. Herein, recent advances in the thermal-, electro-, plasma-, and photocatalytic ammonia synthesis, ammonia storage or separation, ammonia thermal/electrochemical decomposition and conversion are summarized with the emphasis on the latest developments of new methods and materials (catalysts, electrodes, and sorbents) for these processes. The challenges and potential solutions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Chang
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Wenbo Gao
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Jianping Guo
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
- Energy College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Ping Chen
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
- Energy College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Dalian, 116023, China
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8
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Han S, Wang C, Wang Y, Yu Y, Zhang B. Electrosynthesis of Nitrate via the Oxidation of Nitrogen on Tensile‐Strained Palladium Porous Nanosheets. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:4474-4478. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202014017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuhe Han
- Department of Chemistry Institute of Molecular Plus School of Science Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Changhong Wang
- Department of Chemistry Institute of Molecular Plus School of Science Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Yuting Wang
- Department of Chemistry Institute of Molecular Plus School of Science Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Yifu Yu
- Department of Chemistry Institute of Molecular Plus School of Science Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry Institute of Molecular Plus School of Science Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology, (Ministry of Education) Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
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9
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Han S, Wang C, Wang Y, Yu Y, Zhang B. Electrosynthesis of Nitrate via the Oxidation of Nitrogen on Tensile‐Strained Palladium Porous Nanosheets. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202014017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuhe Han
- Department of Chemistry Institute of Molecular Plus School of Science Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Changhong Wang
- Department of Chemistry Institute of Molecular Plus School of Science Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Yuting Wang
- Department of Chemistry Institute of Molecular Plus School of Science Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Yifu Yu
- Department of Chemistry Institute of Molecular Plus School of Science Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry Institute of Molecular Plus School of Science Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology, (Ministry of Education) Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
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10
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Marakatti VS, Gaigneaux EM. Recent Advances in Heterogeneous Catalysis for Ammonia Synthesis. ChemCatChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202001141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vijaykumar S. Marakatti
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences (IMCN) Molecular chemistry, Solids and caTalysis(MOST) Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain) Louvain-la-Neuve BE-1348 Belgium
| | - Eric M. Gaigneaux
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences (IMCN) Molecular chemistry, Solids and caTalysis(MOST) Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain) Louvain-la-Neuve BE-1348 Belgium
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