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Wang SQ, Mukherjee S, Zaworotko MJ. Spiers Memorial Lecture: Coordination networks that switch between nonporous and porous structures: an emerging class of soft porous crystals. Faraday Discuss 2021; 231:9-50. [PMID: 34318839 DOI: 10.1039/d1fd00037c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Coordination networks (CNs) are a class of (usually) crystalline solids typically comprised of metal ions or cluster nodes linked into 2 or 3 dimensions by organic and/or inorganic linker ligands. Whereas CNs tend to exhibit rigid structures and permanent porosity as exemplified by most metal-organic frameworks, MOFs, there exists a small but growing class of CNs that can undergo extreme, reversible structural transformation(s) when exposed to gases, vapours or liquids. These "soft" or "stimuli-responsive" CNs were introduced two decades ago and are attracting increasing attention thanks to two features: the amenability of CNs to design from first principles, thereby enabling crystal engineering of families of related CNs; and the potential utility of soft CNs for adsorptive storage and separation. A small but growing subset of soft CNs exhibit reversible phase transformations between nonporous (closed) and porous (open) structures. These "switching CNs" are distinguished by stepped sorption isotherms coincident with phase transformation and, perhaps counterintuitively, they can exhibit benchmark properties with respect to working capacity (storage) and selectivity (separation). This review addresses fundamental and applied aspects of switching CNs through surveying their sorption properties, analysing the structural transformations that enable switching, discussing structure-function relationships and presenting design principles for crystal engineering of the next generation of switching CNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Qiang Wang
- Bernal Institute, Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick V94 T9PX, Republic of Ireland.
| | - Soumya Mukherjee
- Bernal Institute, Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick V94 T9PX, Republic of Ireland. .,Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Michael J Zaworotko
- Bernal Institute, Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick V94 T9PX, Republic of Ireland.
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Zhu A, Yang Q, Mukherjee S, Kumar A, Deng C, Bezrukov AA, Shivanna M, Zaworotko MJ. Tuning the Gate‐Opening Pressure in a Switching pcu Coordination Network, X‐pcu‐5‐Zn, by Pillar‐Ligand Substitution. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201909977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ai‐Xin Zhu
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringYunnan Normal University Kunming 650500 China
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Bernal InstituteUniversity of Limerick Limerick V94 T9PX Republic of Ireland
| | - Qing‐Yuan Yang
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Bernal InstituteUniversity of Limerick Limerick V94 T9PX Republic of Ireland
- School of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyXi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China
| | - Soumya Mukherjee
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Bernal InstituteUniversity of Limerick Limerick V94 T9PX Republic of Ireland
| | - Amrit Kumar
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Bernal InstituteUniversity of Limerick Limerick V94 T9PX Republic of Ireland
| | - Cheng‐Hua Deng
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Bernal InstituteUniversity of Limerick Limerick V94 T9PX Republic of Ireland
| | - Andrey A. Bezrukov
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Bernal InstituteUniversity of Limerick Limerick V94 T9PX Republic of Ireland
| | - Mohana Shivanna
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Bernal InstituteUniversity of Limerick Limerick V94 T9PX Republic of Ireland
| | - Michael J. Zaworotko
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Bernal InstituteUniversity of Limerick Limerick V94 T9PX Republic of Ireland
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Zhu AX, Yang QY, Mukherjee S, Kumar A, Deng CH, Bezrukov AA, Shivanna M, Zaworotko MJ. Tuning the Gate-Opening Pressure in a Switching pcu Coordination Network, X-pcu-5-Zn, by Pillar-Ligand Substitution. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:18212-18217. [PMID: 31588650 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201909977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Coordination networks that reversibly switch between closed and open phases are of topical interest since their stepped isotherms can offer higher working capacities for gas-storage applications than the related rigid porous coordination networks. To be of practical utility, the pressures at which switching occurs, the gate-opening and gate-closing pressures, must lie between the storage and delivery pressures. Here we study the effect of linker substitution to fine-tune gate-opening and gate-closing pressure. Specifically, three variants of a previously reported pcu-topology MOF, X-pcu-5-Zn, have been prepared: X-pcu-6-Zn, 6=1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethane (bpe), X-pcu-7-Zn, 7=1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)acetylene (bpa), and X-pcu-8-Zn, 8=4,4'-azopyridine (apy). Each exhibited switching isotherms but at different gate-opening pressures. The N2 , CO2 , C2 H2 , and C2 H4 adsorption isotherms consistently indicated that the most flexible dipyridyl organic linker, 6, afforded lower gate-opening and gate-closing pressures. This simple design principle enables a rational control of the switching behavior in adsorbent materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Xin Zhu
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, China.,Department of Chemical Sciences and Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, V94 T9PX, Republic of Ireland
| | - Qing-Yuan Yang
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, V94 T9PX, Republic of Ireland.,School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Soumya Mukherjee
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, V94 T9PX, Republic of Ireland
| | - Amrit Kumar
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, V94 T9PX, Republic of Ireland
| | - Cheng-Hua Deng
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, V94 T9PX, Republic of Ireland
| | - Andrey A Bezrukov
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, V94 T9PX, Republic of Ireland
| | - Mohana Shivanna
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, V94 T9PX, Republic of Ireland
| | - Michael J Zaworotko
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, V94 T9PX, Republic of Ireland
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Yang H, Trieu TX, Zhao X, Wang Y, Wang Y, Feng P, Bu X. Lock‐and‐Key and Shape‐Memory Effects in an Unconventional Synthetic Path to Magnesium Metal–Organic Frameworks. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201905876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huajun Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry California State University Long Beach CA 90840 USA
| | - Thuong Xinh Trieu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry California State University Long Beach CA 90840 USA
| | - Xiang Zhao
- Department of Chemistry University of California Riverside CA 92521 USA
| | - Yanxiang Wang
- Department of Chemistry University of California Riverside CA 92521 USA
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Chemistry University of California Riverside CA 92521 USA
| | - Pingyun Feng
- Department of Chemistry University of California Riverside CA 92521 USA
| | - Xianhui Bu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry California State University Long Beach CA 90840 USA
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Yang H, Trieu TX, Zhao X, Wang Y, Wang Y, Feng P, Bu X. Lock‐and‐Key and Shape‐Memory Effects in an Unconventional Synthetic Path to Magnesium Metal–Organic Frameworks. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:11757-11762. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201905876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huajun Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry California State University Long Beach CA 90840 USA
| | - Thuong Xinh Trieu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry California State University Long Beach CA 90840 USA
| | - Xiang Zhao
- Department of Chemistry University of California Riverside CA 92521 USA
| | - Yanxiang Wang
- Department of Chemistry University of California Riverside CA 92521 USA
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Chemistry University of California Riverside CA 92521 USA
| | - Pingyun Feng
- Department of Chemistry University of California Riverside CA 92521 USA
| | - Xianhui Bu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry California State University Long Beach CA 90840 USA
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Xing P, Phua SZF, Wei X, Zhao Y. Programmable Multicomponent Self-Assembly Based on Aromatic Amino Acids. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1805175. [PMID: 30302837 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201805175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Construction of integrated self-assembly with ordered structures from two or more organic building blocks is currently a challenge, since it suffers from intrinsic systematic complexity and diverse competitive pathways. Here, it is reported that aromatic amino acid building units can be incorporated into two- or three-component coassembly driven primarily by hydrogen bonding interactions without the assistance of metal-ligand and macrocycle-based host-guest interactions. The key strategy is to employ a C3 -symmetric molecule with alternative hydrogen bonding donor/acceptor sites that are able to bind either carboxylic acid or pyridine appended building units. Aromatic amino acids, C3 -symmetric compound, and bipyridine unit constitute a unique ternary mutual binding system, where three coassembly pathways including two pairwise formations and one ternary combination are unveiled, giving rise to two- and three-component self-assemblies with ordered structures, respectively. The pathway complexity lies in the structural parameter of aromatic amino acids, which can be programmable by controlling substituents at the α-position of amino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengyao Xing
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Soo Zeng Fiona Phua
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Xuan Wei
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Yanli Zhao
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
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