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Raghava T, Chattopadhyay A, Banerjee S, Sarkar N. Conversion of amino-terephthalonitriles to multi-substituted single benzene fluorophores with utility in bioimaging. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:364-373. [PMID: 38086694 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01761c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Substitution of two fluorine atoms of the tetrafluoroterephthalonitrile (TFTN) ring (ortho to each other) by amine nucleophiles through SNAr chemistry is achievable. However, tri- and tetra-substitution towards multi-substituted single benzene fluorophores (SBFs) is harder due to increased electron richness of the TFTN moiety. Tertiary amine donors promote the molecule towards such multi-substitution guided by the steric obstruction to intramolecular charge transfer to the TFTN ring. Contrarily, secondary amine substituents with better lone pair donation to the TFTN ring cannot induce the SNAr pathway and instead promote hydrolysis of the nitrile groups of the TFTN moiety. Theoretical investigations have helped unearth the reasons for this observed difference in chemical reactivities and also explain the differences in the emission spectra. Finally, the success of the synthetic method towards multi-substitution is showcased through creation of a highly lipophilic SBF bearing an octyl unit and demonstrating its utility in in vitro cellular imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya Raghava
- Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani KK Birla Goa Campus, NH 17B Bypass Road, Zuarinagar, Goa 403726, India.
| | - Anjan Chattopadhyay
- Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani KK Birla Goa Campus, NH 17B Bypass Road, Zuarinagar, Goa 403726, India.
| | - Subhadeep Banerjee
- Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani KK Birla Goa Campus, NH 17B Bypass Road, Zuarinagar, Goa 403726, India.
- Fluoresight Bioprobes Private Limited, BGIIES Bioncubator, BITS Pilani KK Birla Goa Campus, NH 17B Bypass Road, Zuarinagar, Goa 403726, India
| | - Nivedita Sarkar
- Fluoresight Bioprobes Private Limited, BGIIES Bioncubator, BITS Pilani KK Birla Goa Campus, NH 17B Bypass Road, Zuarinagar, Goa 403726, India
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2
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Raghava T, Banerjee S, Chattopadhyay A. Diamino-Terephthalonitrile-based Single Benzene Fluorophores Featuring Strong Solution State Fluorescence and Large Stokes Shifts. J Org Chem 2023; 88:15708-15716. [PMID: 37931905 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
1°- and 2°-amines react with tetrafluoroterephthalonitrile through SNAr chemistry, creating the strongly emissive para-diamino-terephthalonitrile type single benzene fluorophores. The regioselectivity of reaction is dictated by the sterics of the initial secondary amine adduct. The molecules exhibit strong green-yellow emission and large (nearly 150 nm) Stokes shifts. Excited state analysis reveals a cooperative effect between the para-positioned amino groups through the electron-poor terephthalonitrile unit resulting in the fluorescence amplification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya Raghava
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, KK Birla Goa Campus, NH 17B Bypass Road, Zuarinagar, Goa 403726, India
| | - Subhadeep Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, KK Birla Goa Campus, NH 17B Bypass Road, Zuarinagar, Goa 403726, India
| | - Anjan Chattopadhyay
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, KK Birla Goa Campus, NH 17B Bypass Road, Zuarinagar, Goa 403726, India
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3
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Chen Y, Lu S, Abbas Abedi SA, Jeong M, Li H, Hwa Kim M, Park S, Liu X, Yoon J, Chen X. Janus-Type ESIPT Chromophores with Distinctive Intramolecular Hydrogen-bonding Selectivity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202311543. [PMID: 37602709 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202311543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT)-based solid luminescent materials with multiple hydrogen bond acceptors (HBAs) remain unexplored. Herein, we introduced a family of Janus-type ESIPT chromophores featuring distinctive hydrogen bond (H-bond) selectivity between competitive HBAs in a single molecule. Our investigations showed that the central hydroxyl group preferentially forms intramolecular H-bonds with imines in imine-modified 2-hydroxyphenyl benzothiazole (HBT) chromophores but tethers the benzothiazole moiety in hydrazone-modified HBT chromophores. Imine-derived HBTs generally exhibit higher fluorescence efficiency, while hydrazone-derived HBTs show a reduced overlap between the absorption and fluorescence bands. Quantum chemical calculations unveiled the molecular origins of the biased intramolecular H-bonds and their impact on the ESIPT process. This Janus-type ESIPT chromophore skeleton provides new opportunities for the design of solid luminescent materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, 211816, Nanjing, China
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, 03760, Seoul, Korea
- New and Renewable Energy Research Center, Ewha Womans University, 03760, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sheng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, 211816, Nanjing, China
| | - Syed Ali Abbas Abedi
- Fluorescence Research Group, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, 487372, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Minseok Jeong
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute for Natural Science, Korea University, 02841, Seoul, Korea
| | - Haidong Li
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Hi-tech Zone, 116024, Dalian, China
| | - Myung Hwa Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, 03760, Seoul, Korea
- New and Renewable Energy Research Center, Ewha Womans University, 03760, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sungnam Park
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute for Natural Science, Korea University, 02841, Seoul, Korea
| | - Xiaogang Liu
- Fluorescence Research Group, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, 487372, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Juyoung Yoon
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, 03760, Seoul, Korea
| | - Xiaoqiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, 211816, Nanjing, China
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Raghava T, Chattopadhyay A, Bhavana P, Banerjee S. Amino-Terephthalonitrile-Based Single Benzene Fluorophores with Large Stokes Shifts and Solvatochromic Behavior. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202201314. [PMID: 36892161 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202201314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
We have synthesized a small library of blue-to-green emissive single benzene-based fluorophores (SBFs) in a short synthetic sequence. The molecules exhibit good Stokes shift in the range of 60-110 nm and select examples also possess very high fluorescence quantum yields of up to 87%. Theoretical investigations into the ground state and excited state geometries of many of these compounds reveal that good degree of planarization between the electron donor secondary amines and electron accepting benzodinitrile units can be achieved under certain solvatochromic conditions, giving rise to the strongly fluorescent behavior. On the other hand, the excited state geometry which lacks co-planarity of the donor amine and the single benzene moiety can open up a non-fluorescent channel. Additionally, in molecules with a dinitrobenzene acceptor, the perpendicular nitro moieties render the molecules completely non-emissive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya Raghava
- Department of Chemistry, BITS Pilani K.K. Birla Goa Campus, NH 17B, Bypass Road, Zuarinagar, Goa, 403726, India
| | - Anjan Chattopadhyay
- Department of Chemistry, BITS Pilani K.K. Birla Goa Campus, NH 17B, Bypass Road, Zuarinagar, Goa, 403726, India
| | - Purushothaman Bhavana
- Department of Chemistry, BITS Pilani K.K. Birla Goa Campus, NH 17B, Bypass Road, Zuarinagar, Goa, 403726, India
| | - Subhadeep Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, BITS Pilani K.K. Birla Goa Campus, NH 17B, Bypass Road, Zuarinagar, Goa, 403726, India
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5
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Benson S, de Moliner F, Tipping W, Vendrell M. Miniaturized Chemical Tags for Optical Imaging. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202204788. [PMID: 35704518 PMCID: PMC9542129 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202204788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in optical bioimaging have prompted the need for minimal chemical reporters that can retain the molecular recognition properties and activity profiles of biomolecules. As a result, several methodologies to reduce the size of fluorescent and Raman labels to a few atoms (e.g., single aryl fluorophores, Raman-active triple bonds and isotopes) and embed them into building blocks (e.g., amino acids, nucleobases, sugars) to construct native-like supramolecular structures have been described. The integration of small optical reporters into biomolecules has also led to smart molecular entities that were previously inaccessible in an expedite manner. In this article, we review recent chemical approaches to synthesize miniaturized optical tags as well as some of their multiple applications in biological imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Benson
- Centre for Inflammation ResearchThe University of EdinburghEdinburghEH16 4TJUK
| | - Fabio de Moliner
- Centre for Inflammation ResearchThe University of EdinburghEdinburghEH16 4TJUK
| | - William Tipping
- Centre for Molecular NanometrologyThe University of StrathclydeGlasgowG1 1RDUK
| | - Marc Vendrell
- Centre for Inflammation ResearchThe University of EdinburghEdinburghEH16 4TJUK
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6
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Zhuo MP, Wang XD, Liao LS. Recent Progress of Novel Organic Near‐Infrared‐Emitting Materials. SMALL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/smsc.202200029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Peng Zhuo
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
- College of Textile and Clothing Engineering Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Xue-Dong Wang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Liang-Sheng Liao
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
- Macao Institute of Materials Science and Engineering Macau University of Science and Technology Taipa 999078 Macau SAR China
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7
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Benson S, de Moliner F, Tipping W, Vendrell M. Miniaturized Chemical Tags for Optical Imaging. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202204788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sam Benson
- The University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Fabio de Moliner
- The University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research UNITED KINGDOM
| | - William Tipping
- University of Strathclyde Centre for Molecular Nanometrology UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Marc Vendrell
- University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research 47 Little France Crescent EH16 4TJ Edinburgh UNITED KINGDOM
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8
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Li K, Ren TB, Huan S, Yuan L, Zhang XB. Progress and Perspective of Solid-State Organic Fluorophores for Biomedical Applications. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:21143-21160. [PMID: 34878771 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c10925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescent organic dyes have been extensively used as raw materials for the development of versatile imaging tools in the field of biomedicine. Particularly, the development of solid-state organic fluorophores (SSOFs) in the past 20 years has exhibited an upward trend. In recent years, studies on SSOFs have focused on the development of advanced tools, such as optical contrast agents and phototherapy agents, for biomedical applications. However, the practical application of these tools has been hindered owing to several limitations. Thus, in this Perspective, we have provided insights that could aid researchers to further develop these tools and overcome the limitations such as limited aqueous dispersibility, low biocompatibility, and uncontrolled emission. First, we described the inherent photophysical properties and fluorescence mechanisms of conventional, aggregation-induced emissive, and precipitating SSOFs with respect to their biomedical applications. Subsequently, we highlighted the recent development of functionalized SSOFs for bioimaging, biosensing, and theranostics. Finally, we elucidated the potential prospects and limitations of current SSOF-based tools associated with biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Li
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Tian-Bing Ren
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Shuangyan Huan
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Lin Yuan
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Bing Zhang
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
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9
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Kim J, An JM, Jung Y, Kim NH, Kim Y, Kim D. Red-Emitting SBBF (Single-Benzene-Based Fluorophore)-Silica Hybrid Material: One-Pot Synthesis, Characterization, and Biomedical Applications. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11082036. [PMID: 34443867 PMCID: PMC8399688 DOI: 10.3390/nano11082036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We report, for the first time, a new red-emitting hybrid material based on a single-benzene-based fluorophore (SBBF) and silica. This robust formulation shows several features, including bright emissions at a red wavelength (>600 nm), high scalability (>gram-scale), facile synthesis (one-pot reaction; SBBF formation, hydrolytic condensation, propagation), high stability (under different humidity, pH, light), bio-imaging applicability with low cellular toxicity, and an antibacterial effect within Gram-negative/Gram-positive strains. Based on our findings, we believe that these hybrid materials can pave the way for the further development of dye-hybrid materials and applications in various fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaehoon Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (J.K.); (J.M.A.); (Y.J.); (N.H.K.); (Y.K.)
| | - Jong Min An
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (J.K.); (J.M.A.); (Y.J.); (N.H.K.); (Y.K.)
| | - Yuna Jung
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (J.K.); (J.M.A.); (Y.J.); (N.H.K.); (Y.K.)
| | - Na Hee Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (J.K.); (J.M.A.); (Y.J.); (N.H.K.); (Y.K.)
| | - Youngwoong Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (J.K.); (J.M.A.); (Y.J.); (N.H.K.); (Y.K.)
| | - Dokyoung Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (J.K.); (J.M.A.); (Y.J.); (N.H.K.); (Y.K.)
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
- Center for Converging Humanities, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
- Medical Research Center for Bioreaction to Reactive Oxygen Species and Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
- KHU-KIST Department of Converging Science and Technology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
- Correspondence:
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10
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Luo X, Chen Y, Li Y, Sun Z, Zhu W, Qian X, Yang Y. Structurally-thrifty and visible-absorbing fluorophores. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 245:118907. [PMID: 32932032 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.118907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Fluorophores with a minimal push-pull backbone are actively pursued due to their potentials in biological labelling. Herein a series of structurally-thrifty and visible-absorbing fluorophores (SDXs) were successfully constructed following the D'D-π-A design strategy, in which a secondary donor (D') was introduced in conjugation with the donor (D) to enhance its electron donating capability. For a very small scaffold, SDXs exhibit a surprisingly long-wavelength absorption band in the visible spectral range (λabs = 420 nm) and a strong green fluorescence emission (λem = 530 nm) with a fluorescence quantum yield up to 0.84. Notably, fluorescence of SDXs was quenched in hydrogen-bonding solvents, e.g. MeOH and H2O. This phenomenon renders SDXs feasibility for imaging of cellular non-hydrogen-bonding microenvironment, as demonstrated with BEAS-2B cells. These results proved that the D'D-π-A is a powerful design strategy to construct novel structurally-thrifty fluorophores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yanchun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zhenglong Sun
- Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology (SIBET), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215163, China.
| | - Weihong Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Xuhong Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Youjun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
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11
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He X, Zhao J, Tan Z, Zhao J, Cheng X, Zhou C. Chalcone single crystals with red emission and photodimerization-triggered hopping behavior: the substituent effect and molecular packing effect. CrystEngComm 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ce00404a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chalcone single crystals with distinctively different emission color and photoinduced mechanical response are designed and fabricated via fine-tuning the donor substituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinrui He
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250061
- China
| | - Jian Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Liaoning Normal University
- Dalian
- China
| | - Zeqing Tan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250061
- China
| | - Jiaxin Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250061
- China
| | - Xiao Cheng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250061
- China
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional Aggregated Materials
| | - Chuanjian Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250061
- China
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional Aggregated Materials
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12
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Liu H, Yan S, Huang R, Gao Z, Wang G, Ding L, Fang Y. Single-Benzene-Based Solvatochromic Chromophores: Color-Tunable and Bright Fluorescence in the Solid and Solution States. Chemistry 2019; 25:16732-16739. [PMID: 31674074 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201904478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The search for structurally simple chromophores with superior fluorescence brightness and a wide range of solvent compatibility is highly desirable. Herein, a new type of single-benzene-based solvatochromic chromophore with a symmetric bifunctional structure, in which azetidine and ethoxycarbonyl moieties serve as the electron-donating and -withdrawing groups, respectively, is reported. This chromophore exhibits an extraordinary wide range of solvent compatibility and preserves excellent fluorescence quantum yields from nonpolar n-hexane to polar methanol and even in water. Unusually, the symmetric structure of the chromophore shows a distinct color change from bright green to red with increasing solvent polarity and possesses large Stokes shifts (λ=132-207 nm) in the tested solvents. Moreover, this single-benzene-based chromophore displays good photochemical stability in both solution and solid states, and even exhibits reversible mechanochromic luminescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of, the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, P.R. China.,School of Textile Science and Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an, 710048, P.R. China
| | - Sisi Yan
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of, the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, P.R. China
| | - Rongrong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of, the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, P.R. China
| | - Zhipeng Gao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of, the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, P.R. China
| | - Gang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of, the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, P.R. China
| | - Liping Ding
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of, the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, P.R. China
| | - Yu Fang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of, the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, P.R. China
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13
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Cho E, Choi J, Jo S, Park D, Hong YK, Kim D, Lee TS. A Single‐Benzene‐Based Fluorophore: Optical Waveguiding in the Crystal Form. Chempluschem 2019; 84:1130-1134. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201900405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eunbee Cho
- Organic and Optoelectronic Materials Laboratory Department of Organic Materials and Textile System EngineeringChungnam National University Daejeon 34134 Republic of Korea
| | - Jinho Choi
- Department of Chemical EngineeringInha University Incheon 22212 Republic of Korea
| | - Seonyoung Jo
- Organic and Optoelectronic Materials Laboratory Department of Organic Materials and Textile System EngineeringChungnam National University Daejeon 34134 Republic of Korea
| | - Dong‐Hyuk Park
- Department of Chemical EngineeringInha University Incheon 22212 Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ki Hong
- Department of PhysicsGyeongsang National University Jinju 52828 Republic of Korea
| | - Dongwook Kim
- Department of ChemistryKyonggi University Suwon 16227 Republic of Korea
| | - Taek Seung Lee
- Organic and Optoelectronic Materials Laboratory Department of Organic Materials and Textile System EngineeringChungnam National University Daejeon 34134 Republic of Korea
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14
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Hayashi S, Koizumi T, Kamiya N. 2,5-Dimethoxybenzene-1,4-dicarboxaldehyde: An Emissive Organic Crystal and Highly Efficient Fluorescent Waveguide. Chempluschem 2019; 84:247-251. [PMID: 31950756 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201800597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
To identify the simplest organic structure for an emitter, we focused on 2,5-dimethoxybenzene-1,4-dicarboaldehyde. This symmetric molecule has a very low molecular weight (MW=194), a single benzene unit, and consists of only three elements (H, C and O). It forms highly efficient and pure emitting crystals (λem=499 nm, ΦF =0.42, FWHM=42 nm) due to the rigid structure based on the single benzene framework and four intramolecular hydrogen bonds between electron-donating methoxy and electron-accepting aldehyde groups. This crystal acts as a good optical waveguide with pure green emission (FWHM=34 nm) and very low loss coefficient (0.00120 dB/μm).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shotaro Hayashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Defence Academy, 1-10-20 Hashirimizu, Yokosuka, 239-8686, Japan
| | - Toshio Koizumi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Defence Academy, 1-10-20 Hashirimizu, Yokosuka, 239-8686, Japan
| | - Natsumi Kamiya
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Defence Academy, 1-10-20 Hashirimizu, Yokosuka, 239-8686, Japan
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Buschbeck L, Christoffers J. Orthogonally Protected Diaminoterephthalate Scaffolds: Installation of Two Functional Units at the Chromophore. J Org Chem 2018. [PMID: 29533652 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b00347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The 2,5-diaminoterephthalate structural motif is a powerful chromophore with remarkable fluorescence properties. Containing two carboxylate and two amino functions, it defines a colored molecular scaffold which allows for orthogonal functionalization with different functional units. Therefore, different applications in life sciences and materials science could be addressed. In this study, the two amino functions were alkylated by reductive amination with side chains carrying amino (orthogonally protected as Boc or Alloc) and carboxylate functions (orthogonally protected as tBu or allyl ester). After sequential deprotections, functional units were introduced by amidation reactions. As three examples, the chromophore was coupled with retinoic acid and fullerene C60 in order to obtain a triad for studying photoinduced electron transfer processes. Furthermore, cyclooctyne and azide moieties were introduced as functional units, allowing for ligation by click reactions. These two clickable groups were applied in combination with maleimide units which are reactive toward thiol residues. The latter dyes define so-called "turn on" probes, since the fluorescence quantum yields increased by one order of magnitude upon reaction with the molecular target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon Buschbeck
- Institut für Chemie , Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg , 26111 Oldenburg , Germany
| | - Jens Christoffers
- Institut für Chemie , Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg , 26111 Oldenburg , Germany
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Christoffers J. Diaminoterephthalate Fluorescence Dyes - Versatile Tools for Life Sciences and Materials Science. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201701447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jens Christoffers
- Institut für Chemie; Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg; 26111 Oldenburg Germany
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