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Wang SC, Ma J, Wang X, Xie RC, Wang W. Imaging Single Prussian Blue Nanoparticles with Extraordinary Low-Spin Iron Capacity. Anal Chem 2024. [PMID: 39090997 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c01667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
In attempts to obtain high-capacity Prussian blue nanomaterials, current efforts are predominantly focused on the particle-ensemble-level understanding of their structure-activity relationships. Complementarily, it would be insightful to screen out extraordinary individuals from the nanoparticle population. Using a simple and efficient technique of bright-field microscopy, this work enables, for the first time, quantitative characterization of the overall two-redox-center electrochemistry of single Prussian blue nanoparticles many at a time. Quantitative optical voltammograms with little interference from solvent breakdown and non-Faradaic electrode charging/discharging are extracted for each single nanoparticle, revealing clear heterogeneity among them. On this basis, the microscopic method allows a detailed comparative analysis between the two redox-active sites. It is found that while the synthesized nanoparticles show a similar specific capacity of the high-spin (HS-Fe) sites with STD/mean = 30%, most individual nanoparticles exhibit monodispersedly small capacities of the low-spin iron (LS-Fe) sites, only about 1 7 ± 1 of the HS-Fe capacity. Most importantly, it is discovered that there is always a small fraction (∼8%) of the single nanoparticles showing an impressively tripled LS-Fe capacity. Facilitated by optical imaging, the discovery of this easily overlooked extraordinary subpopulation confers alternative opportunities for targeted efforts for material chemists to improve synthesis and material design based on these unusual individuals, which in turn implies the general significance of nanoparticle screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Cong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (Chem BIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University. Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Junjie Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (Chem BIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University. Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Xinyue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (Chem BIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University. Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Ruo-Chen Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (Chem BIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University. Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (Chem BIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University. Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
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Niu B, Xie RC, Ren B, Long YT, Wang W. Radially distributed charging time constants at an electrode-solution interface. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5633. [PMID: 38965237 PMCID: PMC11224254 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50028-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
An electrochemically homogeneous electrode-solution interface should be understood as spatially invariant in both terms of intrinsic reactivity for the electrode side and electrical resistance mainly for the solution side. The latter remains presumably assumed in almost all cases. However, by using optical microscopy to spatially resolve the classic redox electrochemistry occurring at the whole surface of a gold macroelectrode, we discover that the electron transfer occurs always significantly sooner (by milliseconds), rather than faster in essence, at the radial coordinates closer to the electrode periphery than the very center. So is the charging process when there is no electron transfer. Based on optical measurements of the interfacial impedance, this spatially unsynchronized electron transfer is attributed to a radially non-uniform distribution of solution resistance. We accordingly manage to eliminate the heterogeneity by engineering the solution resistance distribution. The revealed spatially-dependent charging time 'constant' (to be questioned) would help paint our overall fundamental picture of electrode kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Ruo-Chen Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Bin Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (i-ChEM), Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
- Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Yi-Tao Long
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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Xie RC, Gao J, Wang SC, Li H, Wang W. Optically Imaging In Situ Effects of Electrochemical Cycling on Single Nanoparticle Electrocatalysis. Anal Chem 2024. [PMID: 38285921 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c04425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Single-nanoparticle studies often need one or a series of nanoparticle populations that are designed with differences in a nominally particular structural parameter to clarify the structure-activity relationship (SAR). However, the heterogeneity of various properties within any population would make it rather difficult to approach an ideal one-parameter control. In situ modification ensures the same nanoparticle to be investigated and also avoids complicating effects from the otherwise often needed ex situ operations. Herein, we apply electrochemical cycling to single platinum nanoparticles and optically examine their SAR. An electrocatalytic fluorescent microscopic method is established to evaluate the apparent catalytic activity of a number of single nanoparticles toward the oxygen reduction reaction. Meanwhile, dark-field microscopy with the substrate electrode under a cyclic potential control is found to be able to assess the electrochemically active surface area (ECSA) of single nanoparticles via induced chloride redox electrochemistry. Consequently, nanoparticles with drastically increased catalytic activity are discovered to have larger ECSAs upon potential regulation, and interestingly, there are also a few particles with decreased activity, as opposed to the overall trend, that all develop a smaller ECSA in the process. The deactivated nanoparticles against the overall enhancement effects of potential cycling are revealed for the first time. As such, the SAR of single nanoparticles when subjected to an in situ structural control is optically demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruo-Chen Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Jia Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Si-Cong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Haoran Li
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
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Ciocci P, Valavanis D, Meloni GN, Lemineur J, Unwin PR, Kanoufi F. Optical Super‐Localisation of Single Nanoparticle Nucleation and Growth in Nanodroplets. ChemElectroChem 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202201162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Ciocci
- Université Paris Cité ITODYS, CNRS F-75013 Paris France
| | - Dimitrios Valavanis
- Department of Chemistry University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL United Kingdom
| | - Gabriel N. Meloni
- Department of Chemistry University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL United Kingdom
- Institute of Chemistry Department of Fundamental Chemistry University of São Paulo 05508-000 São Paulo, SP Brazil
| | | | - Patrick R. Unwin
- Department of Chemistry University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL United Kingdom
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Jiang B, Gu W, Jiang W, Lv M, Niu B, Wu X, Wang W, Wang H. Directly Imaging Dynamic Electronic Coupling during Electrochemical Oxidation of Single Silver Nanoparticles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202209964. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202209964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC) School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing Jiangsu 210023 China
| | - Wenjie Gu
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications Nanjing Jiangsu 210023 China
| | - Wenxuan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC) School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing Jiangsu 210023 China
| | - Mengqi Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC) School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing Jiangsu 210023 China
| | - Ben Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC) School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing Jiangsu 210023 China
| | - Xue‐Jun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing Jiangsu 210023 China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC) School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing Jiangsu 210023 China
| | - Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC) School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing Jiangsu 210023 China
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Jiang B, Gu W, Jiang W, Lv M, Niu B, Wu XJ, Wang W, Wang H. Directly Imaging Dynamic Electronic Coupling during Electrochemical Oxidation of Single Silver Nanoparticles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202209964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Jiang
- Nanjing University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Wenjie Gu
- Nanjing University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Wenxuan Jiang
- Nanjing University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Mengqi Lv
- Nanjing University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Ben Niu
- Nanjing University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Xue-Jun Wu
- Nanjing University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Wei Wang
- Nanjing University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Hui Wang
- Nanjing University Nanjing Xianlin road No. 163 CHINA
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Laurinavichyute VK, Nizamov S, Mirsky VM. Real time tracking of the early stage of electrochemical nucleation. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.138278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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