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De Kreijger S, Cauët E, Elias B, Troian-Gautier L. Synthesis of Ru(II) and Os(II) photosensitizers bearing one 9,10-diamino-1,4,5,8-tetraazaphenanthrene scaffold. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:10270-10284. [PMID: 38829264 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt01077a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
The synthesis of eight Ru(II) and Os(II) photosensitizers bearing a common 9,10-disubstituted-1,4,5,8-tetraazaphenanthrene backbone is reported. With Os(II) photosensitizers, the 9,10-diNH2-1,4,5,8-tetraazaphenanthrene could be directly chelated onto the metal center via the heteroaromatic moiety, whereas similar conditions using Ru(II) resulted in the formation of an o-quinonediimine derivative. Hence, an alternative route, proceeding via the chelation of 9-NH2-10-NO2-1,4,5,8-tetraazaphenanthrene and subsequent ligand reduction of the corresponding photosensitizers was developed. Photosensitizers chelated via the polypyridyl-type moiety exhibited classical photophysical properties whereas the o-quinonediimine chelated Ru(II) analogues exhibited red-shifted absorption (520 nm) and no photoluminescence at room temperature in acetonitrile. The most promising photosensitizers were investigated for excited-state quenching with guanosine-5'-monophosphate in aqueous buffered conditions where reductive excited-state electron transfer was observed by nanosecond transient absorption spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon De Kreijger
- UCLouvain, Institut de la Matière Condensée et des Nanosciences (IMCN), Molecular Chemistry, Materials and Catalysis (MOST), Place Louis Pasteur 1/L4.01.02, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
| | - Emilie Cauët
- Spectroscopy, Quantum Chemistry and Atmospheric Remote Sensing (CP 160/09), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 50 av. F. D. Roosevelt, CP160/09, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Benjamin Elias
- UCLouvain, Institut de la Matière Condensée et des Nanosciences (IMCN), Molecular Chemistry, Materials and Catalysis (MOST), Place Louis Pasteur 1/L4.01.02, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
| | - Ludovic Troian-Gautier
- UCLouvain, Institut de la Matière Condensée et des Nanosciences (IMCN), Molecular Chemistry, Materials and Catalysis (MOST), Place Louis Pasteur 1/L4.01.02, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
- Wel Research Institute, Avenue Pasteur 6, 1300 Wavre, Belgium
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De Kreijger S, Ripak A, Elias B, Troian-Gautier L. Investigation of the Excited-State Electron Transfer and Cage Escape Yields Between Halides and a Fe(III) Photosensitizer. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:10286-10292. [PMID: 38569088 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c02808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Excited-state quenching and reduction of [Fe(phtmeimb)2]+, where phtmeimb is phenyl[tris(3-methyl-imidazolin-2-ylidene)]borate, with iodide, bromide, and chloride were studied in dichloromethane, acetonitrile, and acetonitrile/water 1:1 mixture by means of steady-state and time-resolved spectroscopic techniques. Quenching rate constants were almost diffusion-limited in dichloromethane and acetonitrile and followed the expected periodic trend, i.e., I- > Br- > Cl-. Confirmation of excited-state reductive electron transfer was only unambiguously obtained when iodide was used as a quencher. The cage escape yields, i.e., the separation of the geminate radical pair formed upon bimolecular excited-state electron transfer, were determined. These yields were larger in dichloromethane (0.079) than in acetonitrile (0.017), and no photoproduct could be observed in acetonitrile/water 1:1. This study further emphasizes that solvents with low dielectric constant are more suited for productive excited-state electron transfer using Fe(III) photosensitizers with 2LMCT excited state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon De Kreijger
- UCLouvain, Institut de la Matière Condensée et des Nanosciences (IMCN), Molecular Chemistry, Materials and Catalysis (MOST), Place Louis Pasteur 1/L4.01.02, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Alexia Ripak
- UCLouvain, Institut de la Matière Condensée et des Nanosciences (IMCN), Molecular Chemistry, Materials and Catalysis (MOST), Place Louis Pasteur 1/L4.01.02, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Benjamin Elias
- UCLouvain, Institut de la Matière Condensée et des Nanosciences (IMCN), Molecular Chemistry, Materials and Catalysis (MOST), Place Louis Pasteur 1/L4.01.02, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Ludovic Troian-Gautier
- UCLouvain, Institut de la Matière Condensée et des Nanosciences (IMCN), Molecular Chemistry, Materials and Catalysis (MOST), Place Louis Pasteur 1/L4.01.02, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
- Wel Research Institute, Avenue Pasteur 6, 1300 Wavre, Belgium
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De Kreijger S, Elias B, Troian-Gautier L. Chloride, Bromide, and Iodide Photooxidation in Acetonitrile/Water Mixtures Using Binuclear Iridium(III) Photosensitizers. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:16196-16202. [PMID: 37734153 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Two iridium(III) binuclear photosensitizers, [Ir(dFCF3ppy)2(N-N)Ir(dFCF3ppy)2]2+, where N-N is tetrapyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c:3″,2″-h:2‴,3‴-j]phenazine (Ir-TPPHZ) and 1,4,5,8-tetraazaphenanthrene[9,10-b]-1,4,5,8,9,12-hexaazatriphenylene (Ir-TAPHAT) are reported for iodide, bromide, and chloride photooxidation in acetonitrile and acetonitrile/water mixtures using blue-light irradiation. Excited-state reduction potentials Ered* of +2.02 and +2.09 V vs NHE were determined for Ir-TPPHZ and Ir-TAPHAT, respectively. Both photosensitizers' excited states were efficiently quenched by iodide, bromide, and chloride with quenching rate constants in the (3.5-9.2) × 1010 and (0.0036-2.9) × 1010 M-1 s-1 ranges in neat acetonitrile and acetonitrile/water mixtures, respectively. Nanosecond transient absorption spectroscopy provided unambiguous evidence of reductive excited-state electron transfer, with all halides in the solvent mixtures containing up to 50% water. Cage-escape yields were large (55-96%) in acetonitrile and dropped below 32% in 50:50 acetonitrile/water mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon De Kreijger
- Institut de la Matière Condensée et des Nanosciences (IMCN), Molecular Chemistry, Materials and Catalysis (MOST), UCLouvain, Place Louis Pasteur 1, Box L4.01.02, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Benjamin Elias
- Institut de la Matière Condensée et des Nanosciences (IMCN), Molecular Chemistry, Materials and Catalysis (MOST), UCLouvain, Place Louis Pasteur 1, Box L4.01.02, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Ludovic Troian-Gautier
- Institut de la Matière Condensée et des Nanosciences (IMCN), Molecular Chemistry, Materials and Catalysis (MOST), UCLouvain, Place Louis Pasteur 1, Box L4.01.02, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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Yang XD, Zhou JH, Cui JW, Yang J, Jia HP, Sun JK, Zhang J. Long-Lived Multiple Charge Separation by Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202215591. [PMID: 36691958 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202215591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Multiple charge separation has been successfully realized by a proton-coupled electron transfer reaction in an organic cocrystal. Benefiting from the adjustable electronic energy level of the electron donor and acceptor through thermal-induced proton migration, distinct optical absorption behaviors combined with color changes to blue or green are observed in these charge-separated states. It is of interest to note that such charge-separated states exhibit a longer lifetime of over a month as a result of the excellent coplanarity and π-π interaction of the electron acceptors. Moreover, the enhanced absorption toward longer wavelengths endows the charge-separated state with near-infrared (808 nm) photothermal conversion for imaging and bacterial inhibition, whereby the conversion performance can be controlled by the degree of proton migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Dong Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, P. R. China
| | - Jun-Hao Zhou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, P. R. China
| | - Jing-Wang Cui
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, P. R. China
| | - Jie Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Peng Jia
- Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Ke Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, P. R. China
| | - Jie Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, P. R. China
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Heidari M, Loague Q, Bangle RE, Galoppini E, Meyer GJ. Reorganization Energies for Interfacial Electron Transfer across Phenylene Ethynylene Rigid-Rod Bridges. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:35205-35214. [PMID: 35862637 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c07151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A family of three ruthenium bipyridyl rigid-rod compounds of the general form [Ru(bpy)2(LL)](PF6)2 were anchored to mesoporous thin films of tin-doped indium oxide (ITO) nanocrystals. Here, LL is a 4-substituted 2,2-bipyridine (bpy) ligand with varying numbers of conjugated phenylenethynylene bridge units between the bipyridine ring and anchoring group consisting of a bis-carboxylated isophthalic group. The visible absorption spectra and the formal potentials, Eo(RuIII/II), of the surface anchored rigid-rods were insensitive to the presence of the phenylene ethynylene bridge units in 0.1 M tetrabutyl ammonium perchlorate acetonitrile solutions (TBAClO4/CH3CN). The conductive nature of the ITO enabled potentiostatic control of the Fermi level and hence a means to tune the Gibbs free energy change, -ΔG°, for electron transfer from the ITO to the rigid-rods. Pseudo-rate constants for this electron transfer reaction increased as the number of bridge units decreased at a fixed -ΔG°. With the assumption that the reorganization energy, λ, and the electronic coupling matrix element, Hab, were independent of the applied potential, rate constants measured as a function of -ΔG° and analyzed through Marcus-Gerischer theory provided estimates of Hab and λ. In rough accordance with the dielectric continuum theory, λ was found to increase from 0.61 to 0.80 eV as the number of bridge units was increased. In contrast, Hab decreased markedly with distance from 0.54 to 0.11 cm-1, consistent with non-adiabatic electron transfer. Comparative analysis with previously published studies of bridges with an sp3-hybridized carbon indicated that the phenylene ethynylene bridge does not enhance electronic coupling between the oxide and the rigid-rod acceptor. The implications of these findings for practical applications in solar energy conversion are specifically discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Heidari
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Quentin Loague
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Rachel E Bangle
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Elena Galoppini
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Gerald J Meyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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Accumulation of mono-reduced [Ir(piq) 2(LL)] photosensitizers relevant for solar fuels production. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2022; 21:1433-1444. [PMID: 35595935 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-022-00233-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A series of nine [Ir(piq)2(LL)]+.PF6- photosensitizers, where piqH = 1-phenylisoquinoline, was developed and investigated for excited-state electron transfer with sacrificial electron donors that included triethanolamine (TEOA), triethylamine (TEA) and 1,3-dimethyl-2-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-benzo[d]imidazole (BIH) in acetonitrile. The photosensitizers were obtained in 57-82% yield starting from the common [Ir(piq)2µ-Cl]2 precursor and were all characterized by UV-Vis absorption as well as by steady-state, time-resolved spectroscopies and electrochemistry. The excited-state lifetimes ranged from 250 to 3350 ns and excited-state electron transfer quenching rate constants in the 109 M-1 s-1 range were obtained when BIH was used as electron donor. These quenching rate constants were three orders of magnitude higher than when TEA or TEOA was used. Steady-state photolysis in the presence of BIH showed that the stable and reversible accumulation of mono-reduced photosensitizers was possible, highlighting the potential use of these Ir-based photosensitizers in photocatalytic reactions relevant for solar fuels production.
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Bangle RE, Schneider J, Conroy DT, Aramburu-Trošelj BM, Meyer GJ. Kinetic Evidence That the Solvent Barrier for Electron Transfer Is Absent in the Electric Double Layer. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:14940-14946. [PMID: 32786793 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c05226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Classical capacitance studies have revealed that the first layer of water present at an aqueous metal-electrolyte interface has a dielectric constant less than 1/10th of that of bulk water. Modern theory indicates that the barrier for electron transfer will decrease substantially in this layer; yet, this important prediction has not been tested experimentally. Here, we report the interfacial electron transfer kinetics for molecules positioned at variable distances within the electric double layer of a transparent conductive oxide as a function of the Gibbs free energy change. The data indicate that the solvent reorganization is indeed near zero and increases to bulk values only when the molecules are positioned greater than 15 Å from the conductive electrode. Consistent with this conclusion, lateral intermolecular electron transfer, parallel to a semiconducting oxide electrode, was shown to be more rapid when the molecules were within the electric double layer. The results provide much needed feedback for theoretical studies and also indicate a huge kinetic advantage for aqueous electron transfer and redox catalysis that takes place proximate to a solid interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E Bangle
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Jenny Schneider
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Daniel T Conroy
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Bruno M Aramburu-Trošelj
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Gerald J Meyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
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Hu K, Sampaio RN, Schneider J, Troian-Gautier L, Meyer GJ. Perspectives on Dye Sensitization of Nanocrystalline Mesoporous Thin Films. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:16099-16116. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c04886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ke Hu
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Renato N. Sampaio
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Jenny Schneider
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Ludovic Troian-Gautier
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Gerald J. Meyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
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Robb AJ, Knorr ES, Watson N, Hanson K. Metal ion linked multilayers on mesoporous substrates: Energy/electron transfer, photon upconversion, and more. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2019.112291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Wang D, Sampaio RN, Troian-Gautier L, Marquard SL, Farnum BH, Sherman BD, Sheridan MV, Dares CJ, Meyer GJ, Meyer TJ. Molecular Photoelectrode for Water Oxidation Inspired by Photosystem II. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:7926-7933. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b02548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Degao Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Renato N. Sampaio
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Ludovic Troian-Gautier
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Seth L. Marquard
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Byron H. Farnum
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
| | - Benjamin D. Sherman
- Department of Chemistry, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, Texas 76129, United States
| | - Matthew V. Sheridan
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Christopher J. Dares
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
| | - Gerald J. Meyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Thomas J. Meyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
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