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Ye Y, Kim S, King RP, Baik M, Buchwald SL. Studying Regioisomer Formation in the Pd‐Catalyzed Fluorination of Cyclic Vinyl Triflates: Evidence for in situ Ligand Modification**. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202300109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Ye
- Department of Chemistry Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Seoung‐Tae Kim
- Department of Chemistry Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Ryan P. King
- Department of Chemistry Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Mu‐Hyun Baik
- Department of Chemistry Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Stephen L. Buchwald
- Department of Chemistry Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02139 USA
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2
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Ye Y, Kim ST, King RP, Baik MH, Buchwald SL. Studying Regioisomer Formation in the Pd-Catalyzed Fluorination of Cyclic Vinyl Triflates: Evidence for in situ Ligand Modification. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202300109. [PMID: 36775802 PMCID: PMC10161128 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202300109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
Pd-catalyzed nucleophilic fluorination reactions are important methods for the synthesis of fluoroarenes and fluoroalkenes. However, these reactions can generate a mixture of regioisomeric products that are often difficult to separate. While investigating the Pd-catalyzed fluorination of cyclic vinyl triflates, we observed that the addition of a substoichiometric quantity of TESCF3 significantly improved the regioselectivity of the reaction. Herein, we report a combined experimental and computational study on the mechanism of this transformation focusing on the role of TESCF3 . The poor regioselectivity of the reaction in the absence of additives results from the formation of LPd-cyclohexyne complexes (L=biaryl monophosphine ligand). When TESCF3 is added to the reaction mixture, the generation of the Pd-cyclohexyne complexes is diminished by an unexpected pathway involving the dearomatization of the ligand by nucleophilic attack from a trifluoromethyl anion (CF3 - ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Ye
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Seoung-Tae Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Ryan P King
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Mu-Hyun Baik
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Stephen L Buchwald
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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3
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Cong F, Mega RS, Chen J, Day CS, Martin R. Trifluoromethylation of Carbonyl and Unactivated Olefin Derivatives by C(sp 3 )-C Bond Cleavage. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 62:e202214633. [PMID: 36416716 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202214633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report a Cu-mediated trifluoromethylation of carbonyl-type compounds and unactivated olefins enabled by visible-light irradiation via σ C(sp3 )-C bond-functionalization. The reaction is distinguished by its modularity, mild conditions and wide scope-even in the context of late-stage functionalization-thus offering a complementary approach en route to valuable C(sp3 )-CF3 architectures from easily accessible precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Cong
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain.,Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, c/Marcel ⋅ lí Domingo, 1, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Riccardo S Mega
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Jinhong Chen
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain.,Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, c/Marcel ⋅ lí Domingo, 1, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Craig S Day
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain.,Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, c/Marcel ⋅ lí Domingo, 1, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Ruben Martin
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain.,Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Passeig Lluïs Companys 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain
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4
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Sanhueza IA, Klauck FJR, Senol E, Keaveney ST, Sperger T, Schoenebeck F. Base‐Free Cross‐Couplings of Aryl Diazonium Salts in Methanol: Pd
II
–Alkoxy as Reactivity‐Controlling Intermediate. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202014842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Italo A. Sanhueza
- Institute of Organic Chemistry RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Felix J. R. Klauck
- Institute of Organic Chemistry RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Erdem Senol
- Institute of Organic Chemistry RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Sinead T. Keaveney
- Institute of Organic Chemistry RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Theresa Sperger
- Institute of Organic Chemistry RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Franziska Schoenebeck
- Institute of Organic Chemistry RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
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5
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Sanhueza IA, Klauck FJR, Senol E, Keaveney ST, Sperger T, Schoenebeck F. Base-Free Cross-Couplings of Aryl Diazonium Salts in Methanol: Pd II -Alkoxy as Reactivity-Controlling Intermediate. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:7007-7012. [PMID: 33543508 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202014842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions of aryl diazonium salts are generally assumed to proceed via cationic PdII intermediates which in turn would be highly reactive in the subsequent transmetalation step. Contrary to this belief, we herein report our observation and rationalization of opposing reactivities of ArN2 + in Suzuki (=effective) and Stille (=ineffective) cross-couplings in MeOH. Our systematic experimental and computational studies on the roles of transmetalating agent, solvent, base and the likely involvement of in situ formed diazoether derivatives challenge the currently accepted mechanism. Our data suggest that the observed solvent dichotomy is primarily due to PdII -methoxy intermediates being formed, which are unreactive with arylstannanes, but highly reactive with arylboronic acids, complementing the Suzuki "Pd-oxy" mechanism with the direct demonstration of transmetalation of a PdII -alkoxy complex. Lewis acids were found to circumvent this reactivity divergence, promoting efficient couplings regardless of the employed conditions or coupling partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Italo A Sanhueza
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Felix J R Klauck
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Erdem Senol
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sinead T Keaveney
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Theresa Sperger
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Franziska Schoenebeck
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
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6
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Turksoy A, Scattolin T, Bouayad-Gervais S, Schoenebeck F. Facile Access to AgOCF 3 and Its New Applications as a Reservoir for OCF 2 for the Direct Synthesis of N-CF 3 , Aryl or Alkyl Carbamoyl Fluorides. Chemistry 2020; 26:2183-2186. [PMID: 31922296 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202000116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The development of innovative fluorination strategies is greatly dependent also on the availability, safety and practicability of available fluorinating reagents. We herein show a straightforward and quantitative strategy for the preparation of valuable AgOCF3 at room temperature and showcase its performance in trifluoromethoxylations or as reservoir for O=CF2 . This enabled the direct, practical and safe synthesis of valuable N-alkyl/aryl and N-CF3 carbamoyl fluorides from secondary amines and isothiocyanides, respectively. Our mechanistic data indicate that AgOCF3 does not liberate O=CF2 until it is activated by a nucleophilic co-reagent, reinforcing the stability of the salt under our new preparation strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdurrahman Turksoy
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Scattolin
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Samir Bouayad-Gervais
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Franziska Schoenebeck
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
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7
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Sanjosé-Orduna J, Mudarra ÁL, Martínez de Salinas S, Pérez-Temprano MH. Sustainable Knowledge-Driven Approaches in Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Transformations. CHEMSUSCHEM 2019; 12:2882-2897. [PMID: 31094085 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201900914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The sustainable synthesis of relevant scaffolds for their use in the pharmaceutical, agrochemical, and materials sectors constitutes one of the most urgent challenges that the chemical community needs to overcome. In this context, the development of innovative and more efficient catalytic processes based on a fundamental understanding of the underlying reaction mechanisms remains a largely unresolved challenge for academic and industrial chemists. Herein, selected examples of computational and experimental knowledge-driven approaches for the rational design of transition-metal-catalyzed transformations are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Sanjosé-Orduna
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia, ICIQ), Avgda. Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
- Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/ Marcel⋅lí Domingo s/n, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Ángel L Mudarra
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia, ICIQ), Avgda. Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
- Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/ Marcel⋅lí Domingo s/n, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Sara Martínez de Salinas
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia, ICIQ), Avgda. Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Mónica H Pérez-Temprano
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia, ICIQ), Avgda. Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
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