1
|
André RF, Gervais C, Zschiesche H, Jianu T, López-Salas N, Antonietti M, Odziomek M. Revisiting the phosphonium salt chemistry for P-doped carbon synthesis: toward high phosphorus contents and beyond the phosphate environment. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2024. [PMID: 38712961 DOI: 10.1039/d4mh00293h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
The introduction of phosphorus and nitrogen atoms in carbo-catalysts is a common way to tune the electronic density, and thereby the reactivity, of the material, as well as to introduce surface reactive sites. Numerous environments are reported for the N atoms, but the P-doping chemistry is less explored and focuses on surface POx groups. A one-step synthesis of P/N-doped carbonaceous materials is presented here, using affordable and industrially available urea and tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium chloride (THPC) as the N and P sources, respectively. In contrast to most of the synthetic pathways toward P-doped carbonaceous materials, the THPC precursor only displays P-C bonds along the carbon backbone. This resulted in unusual phosphorus environments for the materials obtained from direct thermal treatment of THPC-urea, presumably of type C-P-N according to 31P NMR and XPS. Alternatively, the in situ polymerization and calcination of the precursors were run in calcium chloride hydrate, used as a combined reaction medium and porogen agent. Following this salt-templating strategy led to particularly high phosphorus contents (up to 18 wt%), associated with porosities up to 600 m2 g-1. The so-formed P/N-doped porous materials were employed as metal-free catalysts for the mild oxidative dehydrogenation of N-heterocycles to N-heteroarenes at room temperature and in air.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rémi F André
- Colloid Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces (MPIKG), 14476 Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Christel Gervais
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris (LCMCP), 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Hannes Zschiesche
- Colloid Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces (MPIKG), 14476 Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Teodor Jianu
- Colloid Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces (MPIKG), 14476 Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Nieves López-Salas
- Colloid Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces (MPIKG), 14476 Potsdam, Germany.
- Chair of Sustainable Materials Chemistry, Paderborn University, Warburger Strasse 100, 33098, Paderborn, Germany
| | - Markus Antonietti
- Colloid Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces (MPIKG), 14476 Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Mateusz Odziomek
- Colloid Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces (MPIKG), 14476 Potsdam, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Cui P, Zhao L, Long Y, Dai L, Hu C. Carbon-Based Electrocatalysts for Acidic Oxygen Reduction Reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202218269. [PMID: 36645824 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202218269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is vital for clean and renewable energy technologies, which require no fossil fuel but catalysts. Platinum (Pt) is the best-known catalyst for ORR. However, its high cost and scarcity have severely hindered renewable energy devices (e.g., fuel cells) for large-scale applications. Recent breakthroughs in carbon-based metal-free electrochemical catalysts (C-MFECs) show great potential for earth-abundant carbon materials as low-cost metal-free electrocatalysts towards ORR in acidic media. This article provides a focused, but critical review on C-MFECs for ORR in acidic media with an emphasis on advances in the structure design and synthesis, fundamental understanding of the structure-property relationship and electrocatalytic mechanisms, and their applications in proton exchange membrane fuel cells. Current challenges and future perspectives in this emerging field are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pengbo Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Linjie Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yongde Long
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Liming Dai
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Carbon Science and Innovation, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Chuangang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yang X, Gu J, Liu C, Bai Z, Yang L. Partial deligandation activated ZIF-67 for efficient electrocatalytic oxygen reduction reaction. Front Chem 2022; 10:983549. [PMID: 36277351 PMCID: PMC9583129 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.983549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Removing the blocked molecular groups and fully exposing the intrinsic active sites of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) could give full play to their advantages of multi-active sites and multi-channel mass transfer, which will benefit the electrocatalytic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in fuel cells. Here, the partial diligandation-activated ZIF-67 (named as ZIF-67–400) with excellent ORR performance was obtained by simple low-temperature pyrolysis. The ORR electrocatalytic activity exhibits a half-wave potential of 0.82 V and the stability of maintaining 96% activity after 10 h of operation, which is comparable to commercial Pt/C. Further research studies reveal that the morphology, special dodecahedron configuration, and crystal structure of ZIF-67-400 are maintained well during the pyrolysis, but some hydrocarbon groups in the ligands are eliminated, resulting in the active sites being exposed and coordinated with the intrinsic porosity, improving the catalytic performance. This work may provide an alternative path for activating the electrocatalytic performance of metal-organic frameworks by low-temperature annealing.
Collapse
|
4
|
Yu H, Zhao X, Wu F, Luo Y, Jia A, Wang Y, Li J. Three Dimensional Macroporous Oxygen‐Deficient TiO
2‐x
Supported N, P, Co‐tridoped Carbon as Efficient Oxygen Reduction Electrocatalyst. ChemCatChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202101311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hang Yu
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Technology and High Efficient Energy Saving Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chemical Process Safety School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Hebei University of Technology Tianjin 300130 P. R. China
| | - Ximeng Zhao
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Technology and High Efficient Energy Saving Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chemical Process Safety School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Hebei University of Technology Tianjin 300130 P. R. China
| | - Feichao Wu
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Technology and High Efficient Energy Saving Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chemical Process Safety School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Hebei University of Technology Tianjin 300130 P. R. China
| | - Yuhong Luo
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Technology and High Efficient Energy Saving Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chemical Process Safety School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Hebei University of Technology Tianjin 300130 P. R. China
| | - Aizhong Jia
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Technology and High Efficient Energy Saving Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chemical Process Safety School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Hebei University of Technology Tianjin 300130 P. R. China
| | - Yanji Wang
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Technology and High Efficient Energy Saving Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chemical Process Safety School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Hebei University of Technology Tianjin 300130 P. R. China
| | - Jingde Li
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Technology and High Efficient Energy Saving Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chemical Process Safety School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Hebei University of Technology Tianjin 300130 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Deng L, Jiao Y, Pu Y, Liu D, Wang D. Synthesis of poly (2,6-diaminopyridine) using a rotating packed bed toward efficient production of polypyrrole-derived electrocatalysts. REACT CHEM ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2re00296e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of pyridinic-rich polymer is a key step in obtaining high-performance polypyrrole-derived electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction. A straightforward and controllable synthesis method is highly favored to efficiently manupulate the...
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhang L, Chen H, Wei Z. Recent Advances in Nanoparticles Confined in Two‐Dimensional Materials as High‐Performance Electrocatalysts for Energy‐Conversion Technologies. ChemCatChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202001260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment & System Security and New Technology Chongqing Key Laboratory of Chemical Process for Clean Energy and Resource Utilization School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Chongqing University Chongqing P. R. China
| | - Hongmei Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment & System Security and New Technology Chongqing Key Laboratory of Chemical Process for Clean Energy and Resource Utilization School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Chongqing University Chongqing P. R. China
| | - Zidong Wei
- The State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment & System Security and New Technology Chongqing Key Laboratory of Chemical Process for Clean Energy and Resource Utilization School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Chongqing University Chongqing P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Shah SSA, Najam T, Javed MS, Rahman MM, Tsiakaras P. Novel Mn-/Co-N x Moieties Captured in N-Doped Carbon Nanotubes for Enhanced Oxygen Reduction Activity and Stability in Acidic and Alkaline Media. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:23191-23200. [PMID: 33969994 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c03477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Fe-N-C-based electrocatalysts have been developed as an encouraging substitute compared to their expensive Pt-containing equivalents for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). However, they still face major durability challenges from the in- situ production of Fenton radicals. Therefore, the synthesis of Fe-free ORR catalysts is among the emerging concerns. Herein, we have precisely applied a multistep heating strategy to produce mesoporous N-doped carbon nanostructures with Mn-/Co-Nx dual moieties from mixed-metal zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs). It is found that their unique structure, with dual-metallic active sites, not only offers a high electrochemical performance for the ORR (E1/2 = 0.83 V vs reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) in acid media), but also enhances the operational durability of the catalyst after 20 000 cycles with 97% of retention and very low H2O2 production (<5%) in 0.1 M HClO4. In addition, the catalyst performs well toward the ORR also in alkaline solution (exhibiting E1/2 = 0.90 V and 30 000 cyclic stability).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Syed Shoaib Ahmad Shah
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Department of Chemistry, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Tayyaba Najam
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Muhammad Sufyan Javed
- Siyuan Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Vacuum Coating Technologies & New Energy Materials, Department of Physics, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Mohammed M Rahman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Panagiotis Tsiakaras
- Laboratory of Materials and Devices for Clean Energy, Department of Technology of Electrochemical Processes, Ural Federal University, 19 Mira Str., Yekaterinburg 620002, Russia
- Laboratory of Electrochemical Devices Based on Solid Oxide Proton Electrolytes, Institute of High Temperature Electrochemistry, RAS, Yekaterinburg 620990, Russia
- Laboratory of Alternative Energy Conversion Systems, Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Thessaly, Pedion Areos 38834, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ahmad K, Shah HUR, Ashfaq M, Shah SSA, Hussain E, Naseem HA, Parveen S, Ayub A. Effect of metal atom in zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIF-8 & 67) for removal of Pb2+ & Hg2+ from water. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 149:112008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
9
|
Chen C, Sun X, Yan X, Wu Y, Liu H, Zhu Q, Bediako BBA, Han B. Boosting CO
2
Electroreduction on N,P‐Co‐doped Carbon Aerogels. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202004226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chunjun Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesCAS Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and ThermodynamicsCAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular SciencesInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Zhongguancun North First Street 2 Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Xiaofu Sun
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesCAS Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and ThermodynamicsCAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular SciencesInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Zhongguancun North First Street 2 Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Xupeng Yan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesCAS Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and ThermodynamicsCAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular SciencesInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Zhongguancun North First Street 2 Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Yahui Wu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesCAS Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and ThermodynamicsCAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular SciencesInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Zhongguancun North First Street 2 Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Huizhen Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesCAS Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and ThermodynamicsCAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular SciencesInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Zhongguancun North First Street 2 Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Qinggong Zhu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesCAS Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and ThermodynamicsCAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular SciencesInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Zhongguancun North First Street 2 Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Bernard Baffour Asare Bediako
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesCAS Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and ThermodynamicsCAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular SciencesInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Zhongguancun North First Street 2 Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Buxing Han
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesCAS Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and ThermodynamicsCAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular SciencesInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Zhongguancun North First Street 2 Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District Beijing 100049 P. R. China
- Physical Science LaboratoryHuairou National Comprehensive Science Center No. 5 Yanqi East Second Street Beijing 101400 China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical ProcessesSchool of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringEast China Normal University Shanghai 200062 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Chen C, Sun X, Yan X, Wu Y, Liu H, Zhu Q, Bediako BBA, Han B. Boosting CO
2
Electroreduction on N,P‐Co‐doped Carbon Aerogels. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:11123-11129. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202004226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chunjun Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesCAS Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and ThermodynamicsCAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular SciencesInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Zhongguancun North First Street 2 Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Xiaofu Sun
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesCAS Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and ThermodynamicsCAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular SciencesInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Zhongguancun North First Street 2 Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Xupeng Yan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesCAS Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and ThermodynamicsCAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular SciencesInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Zhongguancun North First Street 2 Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Yahui Wu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesCAS Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and ThermodynamicsCAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular SciencesInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Zhongguancun North First Street 2 Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Huizhen Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesCAS Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and ThermodynamicsCAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular SciencesInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Zhongguancun North First Street 2 Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Qinggong Zhu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesCAS Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and ThermodynamicsCAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular SciencesInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Zhongguancun North First Street 2 Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Bernard Baffour Asare Bediako
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesCAS Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and ThermodynamicsCAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular SciencesInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Zhongguancun North First Street 2 Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Buxing Han
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesCAS Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and ThermodynamicsCAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular SciencesInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Zhongguancun North First Street 2 Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District Beijing 100049 P. R. China
- Physical Science LaboratoryHuairou National Comprehensive Science Center No. 5 Yanqi East Second Street Beijing 101400 China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical ProcessesSchool of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringEast China Normal University Shanghai 200062 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhang L, Li L, Chen H, Wei Z. Recent Progress in Precious Metal‐Free Carbon‐Based Materials towards the Oxygen Reduction Reaction: Activity, Stability, and Anti‐Poisoning. Chemistry 2019; 26:3973-3990. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201904233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Revised: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment &, System Security and New TechnologyChongqing Key Laboratory of, Chemical Process for, Clean Energy and Resource UtilizationCollege of, Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringChongqing University Shapingba 174 400030 Chongqing P. R. China
| | - Li Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment &, System Security and New TechnologyChongqing Key Laboratory of, Chemical Process for, Clean Energy and Resource UtilizationCollege of, Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringChongqing University Shapingba 174 400030 Chongqing P. R. China
| | - Hongmei Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment &, System Security and New TechnologyChongqing Key Laboratory of, Chemical Process for, Clean Energy and Resource UtilizationCollege of, Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringChongqing University Shapingba 174 400030 Chongqing P. R. China
| | - Zidong Wei
- The State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment &, System Security and New TechnologyChongqing Key Laboratory of, Chemical Process for, Clean Energy and Resource UtilizationCollege of, Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringChongqing University Shapingba 174 400030 Chongqing P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|