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Oddy MJ, Kusza DA, Epton RG, Lynam JM, Unsworth WP, Petersen WF. Visible-Light-Mediated Energy Transfer Enables the Synthesis of β-Lactams via Intramolecular Hydrogen Atom Transfer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202213086. [PMID: 36205440 PMCID: PMC9828223 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202213086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of 2-azetidinones (β-lactams) from simple acrylamide starting materials by visible-light-mediated energy transfer catalysis is reported. The reaction features a C(sp3 )-H functionalization via a variation of the Norrish-Yang photocyclization involving a carbon-to-carbon 1,5-hydrogen atom transfer (supported by deuterium labelling and DFT calculations) and can be used for the construction of a diverse range of β-lactam products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan J. Oddy
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Cape TownRondebosch, Cape Town7700South Africa
| | - Daniel A. Kusza
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Cape TownRondebosch, Cape Town7700South Africa
| | - Ryan G. Epton
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of YorkYorkYO10 5DDUK
| | | | | | - Wade F. Petersen
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Cape TownRondebosch, Cape Town7700South Africa
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ClpP inhibitors are produced by a widespread family of bacterial gene clusters. Nat Microbiol 2022; 7:451-462. [PMID: 35246663 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-022-01073-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The caseinolytic protease (ClpP) is part of a highly conserved proteolytic complex whose disruption can lead to antibacterial activity but for which few specific inhibitors have been discovered. Specialized metabolites produced by bacteria have been shaped by evolution for specific functions, making them a potential source of selective ClpP inhibitors. Here, we describe a target-directed genome mining strategy for discovering ClpP-interacting compounds by searching for biosynthetic gene clusters that contain duplicated copies of ClpP as putative antibiotic resistance genes. We identify a widespread family of ClpP-associated clusters that are known to produce pyrrolizidine alkaloids but whose connection to ClpP has never been made. We show that previously characterized molecules do not affect ClpP function but are shunt metabolites derived from the genuine product of these gene clusters, a reactive covalent ClpP inhibitor. Focusing on one such cryptic gene cluster from Streptomyces cattleya, we identify the relevant inhibitor, which we name clipibicyclene, and show that it potently and selectively inactivates ClpP. Finally, we solve the crystal structure of clipibicyclene-modified Escherichia coli ClpP. Clipibicyclene's discovery reveals the authentic function of a family of natural products whose specificity for ClpP and abundance in nature illuminate the role of eco-evolutionary forces during bacterial competition.
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Aminoacyl chain translocation catalysed by a type II thioesterase domain in an unusual non-ribosomal peptide synthetase. Nat Commun 2022; 13:62. [PMID: 35013184 PMCID: PMC8748450 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27512-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-Ribosomal Peptide Synthetases (NRPSs) assemble a diverse range of natural products with important applications in both medicine and agriculture. They consist of several multienzyme subunits that must interact with each other in a highly controlled manner to facilitate efficient chain transfer, thus ensuring biosynthetic fidelity. Several mechanisms for chain transfer are known for NRPSs, promoting structural diversity. Herein, we report the first biochemically characterized example of a type II thioesterase (TEII) domain capable of catalysing aminoacyl chain transfer between thiolation (T) domains on two separate NRPS subunits responsible for installation of a dehydrobutyrine moiety. Biochemical dissection of this process reveals the central role of the TEII-catalysed chain translocation event and expands the enzymatic scope of TEII domains beyond canonical (amino)acyl chain hydrolysis. The apparent co-evolution of the TEII domain with the NRPS subunits highlights a unique feature of this enzymatic cassette, which will undoubtedly find utility in biosynthetic engineering efforts. Non-Ribosomal Peptide Synthetases (NRPSs) are responsible for the construction of many types of natural products. Here the authors characterize a key type II thioesterase domain that sheds light on the chain translocation processes of legonmycin NRPSs.
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Fang Q, Wu L, Urwald C, Mugat M, Wang S, Kyeremeh K, Philips C, Law S, Zhou Y, Deng H. Genomic scanning enabling discovery of a new antibacterial bicyclic carbamate-containing alkaloid. Synth Syst Biotechnol 2021; 6:12-19. [PMID: 33553705 PMCID: PMC7820566 DOI: 10.1016/j.synbio.2021.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-ribosomal peptides are a group of structurally diverse natural products with various important therapeutic and agrochemical applications. Bacterial pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs), containing a scaffold of two fused five-membered ring system with a nitrogen atom at the bridgehead, have been found to originate from a multidomain non-ribosomal peptide synthetase to generate indolizidine intermediates, followed by multistep oxidation, catalysed by single Bayer-Villiger (BV) enzymes, to yield PA scaffolds. Although bacterial PAs are rare in natural product inventory, bioinformatics analysis suggested that the biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) that are likely to be responsible for the production of PA-like metabolites are widely distributed in bacterial genomes. However, most of the strains containing PA-like BGCs are not deposited in the public domain, therefore preventing further assessment of the chemical spaces of this group of bioactive metabolites. Here, we report a genomic scanning strategy to assess the potential of PA metabolites production in our culture collection without prior knowledge of genome information. Among the strains tested, we found fifteen contain the key BV enzymes that are likely to be involved in the last step of PA ring formation. Subsequently one-strain-many-compound (OSMAC) method, supported by a combination of HR-MS, NMR, SMART 2.0 technology, and GNPS analysis, allowed identification and characterization of a new [5 + 7] heterobicyclic carbamate, legoncarbamate, together with five known PAs, bohemamine derivatives, from Streptomyces sp. CT37, a Ghanaian soil isolate. The absolute stereochemistry of legoncarbamate was determined by comparison of measured and calculated ECD spectra. Legoncarbamate displays antibacterial activity against E. coli ATCC 25922 with an MIC value of 3.1 μg/mL. Finally, a biosynthetic model of legoncarbamate and other bohemamines was proposed based on the knowledge we have gained so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Fang
- Marine Biodiscovery Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Aberdeen, Meston Walk, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, Scotland, UK
| | - Linrui Wu
- Marine Biodiscovery Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Aberdeen, Meston Walk, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, Scotland, UK
| | - Caroline Urwald
- Marine Biodiscovery Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Aberdeen, Meston Walk, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, Scotland, UK
- ENSAIA, 2 avenue de la forêt de Haye, 54505 vandœuvre lès Nancy, France
| | - Morgane Mugat
- Marine Biodiscovery Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Aberdeen, Meston Walk, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, Scotland, UK
- ENSAIA, 2 avenue de la forêt de Haye, 54505 vandœuvre lès Nancy, France
| | - Shan Wang
- Marine Biodiscovery Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Aberdeen, Meston Walk, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, Scotland, UK
| | - Kwaku Kyeremeh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG56, Legon-Accra, Ghana
| | - Carol Philips
- NCIMB Ltd, Ferguson Building, Craibstone Estate, Bucksburn, Aberdeen, AB21 9YA, Scotland, UK
| | - Samantha Law
- NCIMB Ltd, Ferguson Building, Craibstone Estate, Bucksburn, Aberdeen, AB21 9YA, Scotland, UK
| | - Yongjun Zhou
- Research Centre for Marine Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Department of Pharmacy, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Hai Deng
- Marine Biodiscovery Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Aberdeen, Meston Walk, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, Scotland, UK
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