1
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Shi Y, Li C, Di J, Xue Y, Jia Y, Duan J, Hu X, Tian Y, Li Y, Sun C, Zhang N, Xiong Y, Jin T, Chen P. Polycationic Open-Shell Cyclophanes: Synthesis of Electron-Rich Chiral Macrocycles, and Redox-Dependent Electronic States. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202402800. [PMID: 38411404 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202402800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
π-Conjugated chiral nanorings with intriguing electronic structures and chiroptical properties have attracted considerable interests in synthetic chemistry and materials science. We present the design principles to access new chiral macrocycles (1 and 2) that are essentially built on the key components of main-group electron-donating carbazolyl moieties or the π-expanded aza[7]helicenes. Both macrocycles show the unique molecular conformations with a (quasi) figure-of-eight topology as a result of the conjugation patterns of 2,2',7,7'-spirobifluorenyl in 1 and triarylamine-coupled aza[7]helicene-based building blocks in 2. This electronic nature of redox-active, carbazole-rich backbones enabled these macrocycles to be readily oxidized chemically and electrochemically, leading to the sequential production of a series of positively charged polycationic open-shell cyclophanes. Their redox-dependent electronic states of the resulting multispin polyradicals have been characterized by VT-ESR, UV/Vis-NIR absorption and spectroelectrochemical measurements. The singlet (ΔES-T=-1.29 kcal mol-1) and a nearly degenerate singlet-triplet ground state (ΔES-T(calcd)=-0.15 kcal mol-1 and ΔES-T(exp)=0.01 kcal mol-1) were proved for diradical dications 12+2⋅ and 22+2⋅, respectively. Our work provides an experimental proof for the construction of electron-donating new chiral nanorings, and more importantly for highly charged polyradicals with potential applications in chirospintronics and organic conductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Shi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science, Pharmaceutical Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Chenglong Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science, Pharmaceutical Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Jiaqi Di
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science, Pharmaceutical Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Yuting Xue
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science, Pharmaceutical Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Yawei Jia
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science, Pharmaceutical Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Jiaxian Duan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science, Pharmaceutical Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Xiaoyu Hu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science, Pharmaceutical Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Yu Tian
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science, Pharmaceutical Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Yanqiu Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science, Pharmaceutical Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Cuiping Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science, Pharmaceutical Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Niu Zhang
- Analysis and Testing Centre, Beijing Institute of Technology, 102488, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Xiong
- Analysis and Testing Centre, Beijing Institute of Technology, 102488, Beijing, China
| | - Tianyun Jin
- Center of Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography University of California, San Diego La Jolla, 92093, USA
| | - Pangkuan Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science, Pharmaceutical Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, China
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2
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Maier M, Chorbacher J, Hellinger A, Klopf J, Günther J, Helten H. Poly(arylene iminoborane)s, Analogues of Poly(arylene vinylene) with a BN-Doped Backbone: A Comprehensive Study. Chemistry 2023:e202302767. [PMID: 37724629 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Despite the great success of the concept of doping organic compounds with BN units to access new materials with tailored properties, its use in polymer chemistry has only been realized quite recently. Herein, we present a comprehensive study of oligo- and poly(arylene iminoborane)s comprising a backbone of phenylene or thiophene moieties, as well as combinations thereof, linked via B=N units. The novel polymers can be regarded as BN analogues of poly(p-phenylene vinylene) (PPV) or poly(thiophene vinylene) (PTV) or their copolymers. Our modular synthetic approach allowed us to prepare four polymers and 12 monodisperse oligomers with modulated electronic properties. Alternating electron-releasing diaminoarylene and electron-accepting diborylarylene building blocks gave rise to a pronounced donor-acceptor character. Effective π-conjugation over the arylene iminoborane backbone is evidenced by systematic bathochromic shifts of the low-energy UV-vis absorption maximum with increasing chain length, which is furthermore supported by crystallographic and computational investigations. Furthermore, all compounds investigated show emission of visible light in the solid state and aggregation-induced emission (AIE) behavior, due to the presence of partially flexible linear B=N linkages in the backbone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Maier
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB), Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Chorbacher
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB), Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Anna Hellinger
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB), Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jonas Klopf
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB), Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Julian Günther
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB), Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Holger Helten
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB), Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
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3
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Zeng K, Yang Y, Xu J, Wang N, Tang W, Xu J, Zhang Y, Wu Y, Xu Y, Wang G, Chen P, Wang B, Sun X, Jin G, Peng H. Metal-Backboned Polymers with Well-Defined Lengths. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202216060. [PMID: 36640110 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202216060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Constructing the backbones of polymers with metal atoms is an attractive strategy to develop new functional polymeric materials, but it has yet to be studied due to synthetic challenges. Here, metal atoms are interconnected as the backbones of polymers to yield metal-backboned polymers (MBPs). Rational design of multidentate ligands synthesized via an efficient iterative approach leads to the successful construction of a series of nickel-backboned polymers (NBPs) with well-defined lengths and up to 21 nickel atoms, whose structures are systematically confirmed. These NBPs exhibit strong and length-depended absorption with narrow band gaps, offering promising applications in optoelectronic devices and semiconductors. We also demonstrate the high thermal stability and solution processsability of such nickel-backboned polymers. Our results represent a new opportunity to design and synthesize a variety of new metal-backboned polymers for promising applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiwen Zeng
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China
| | - Yibei Yang
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China
| | - Jianing Xu
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China
| | - Ning Wang
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China
| | - Weiqiang Tang
- School of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Jianchen Xu
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China
| | - Yifeng Zhang
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China
| | - Yanruzhen Wu
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China
| | - Yifei Xu
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China
| | - Guowei Wang
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China
| | - Peining Chen
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China
| | - Bingjie Wang
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China
| | - Xuemei Sun
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China
| | - Guoxin Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China
| | - Huisheng Peng
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China
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4
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Pandey MK, Mondal D, Kote BS, Balakrishna MS. Synthesis and Photophysical Properties of Heavier Pnictogen Complexes. Chempluschem 2023; 88:e202200460. [PMID: 36756696 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202200460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Recent success in the synthesis of π-conjugated heavier pnictogen (As, Sb, and Bi) compounds and their transition metal complexes has led to the current surge in interest that led to significant development in the field of photophysical and optoelectronic properties of heavier pnictogens and their transition metal complexes. The presence of heavier pnictogens (As, Sb and Bi) in the molecular skeleton promotes inter-system crossing (ISC) and reverse inter-system crossing (RISC), because of the heavy atom effect, via altering the intermolecular interactions and orbital energy levels. As a result, π-conjugated heavier pnictogen compounds such as arsines, dibenzoarsepins, arsinoquinoline, heterofluorene, benzo[b]heterole (heterole=arsole, bismole, and stibole) show unique optoelectronic properties such as narrow bandgap, low-energy absorption, and long-wavelength emission than lighter pnictogen-based compounds. This review focuses on recent advances in the synthesis and photophysical properties of heavier pnictogen compounds. The synthesis and photophysical properties of heavier pnictogens are discussed and elaborated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhusudan K Pandey
- Phosphorus Laboratory Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Dipanjan Mondal
- Phosphorus Laboratory Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Basvaraj S Kote
- Phosphorus Laboratory Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Maravanji S Balakrishna
- Phosphorus Laboratory Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India
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5
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Wiebe MA, Kundu S, LaPierre EA, Patrick BO, Manners I. Transition-Metal-Free Dehydropolymerization of Phosphine-Boranes at Ambient Temperature. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202202897. [PMID: 36196020 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Stoichiometric reaction of phosphine-borane adducts RR'PH⋅BH3 (R=Ph, R'=H, Ph, Et, and R=R'=t Bu) with the strong acid HNTf2 (Tf=SO2 CF3 ) leads to H2 elimination and the formation of the triflimido derivatives, RR'PH⋅BH2 (NTf2 ). Subsequent deprotonation by using bases, such as diisopropylethylamine or the carbene IPr (IPr=N,N'-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene), led to the formation of P-mono- or -disubstituted polyphosphinoboranes [RR'P-BH2 ]n . Evidence for the intermediacy of transient phosphinoborane monomers, RR'PBH2 , was provided by trapping reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A Wiebe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Rd, Victoria, British Columbia, V8P 5 C2, Canada
| | - Subrata Kundu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Rd, Victoria, British Columbia, V8P 5 C2, Canada.,Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Etienne A LaPierre
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Rd, Victoria, British Columbia, V8P 5 C2, Canada
| | - Brian O Patrick
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Ian Manners
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Rd, Victoria, British Columbia, V8P 5 C2, Canada
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6
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Alahmadi AF, Yin X, Lalancette RA, Jäkle F. Synthesis and Structure-Property Relationships in Regioisomeric Alternating Borane-Terthiophene Polymers. Chemistry 2022; 29:e202203619. [PMID: 36562302 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Main-chain boron-containing π-conjugated polymers are attractive for organic electronic, sensing, and imaging applications. Alternating terthiophene-borane polymers were prepared and the effects of regioisomeric attachment of the conjugated linker and variations in the electronic effect of the pendent aryl groups (2,4,6-tri-tert-butylphenyl, Mes*; 2,4,6-tris(trifluoromethyl)phenyl, FMes) examined. Pd2 dba3 /P(t-Bu)3 -catalyzed Stille polymerization of arylbis(2-thienyl)borane and arylbis(3-thienylborane) with 2,5-bis(trimethylstannyl)thiophene at 120 °C gave polymers with appreciable molecular weight but MALDI-TOF MS analyses showed evidence of unusually prominent homocoupling. These defects could be suppressed by using brominated rather than iodinated monomers, more hindered 2,5-bis(tri-n-butylstannyl)thiophene as comonomer, and Pd2 dba3 /P(o-tol)3 as the catalyst at 100 °C. Under these conditions, macrocyclic species with n=3-10 repeating units formed preferentially according to MALDI-TOF MS analyses. Photophysical studies revealed a prominent effect of the regiochemistry and the nature of the pendent aryl groups on the absorption and emission, giving rise to orange, yellow-green, blue-green, and blue emissive materials respectively. The electronic effects were rationalized through DFT calculations on bis(terthiophene) model systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah F Alahmadi
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University-Newark, 73 Warren Street, 07102, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Xiaodong Yin
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University-Newark, 73 Warren Street, 07102, Newark, NJ, USA.,Current address: Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/, Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 102488, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Roger A Lalancette
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University-Newark, 73 Warren Street, 07102, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Frieder Jäkle
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University-Newark, 73 Warren Street, 07102, Newark, NJ, USA
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7
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Shi Y, Zeng Y, Kucheryavy P, Yin X, Zhang K, Meng G, Chen J, Zhu Q, Wang N, Zheng X, Jäkle F, Chen P. Dynamic B/N Lewis Pairs: Insights into the Structural Variations and Photochromism via Light-Induced Fluorescence to Phosphorescence Switching. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202213615. [PMID: 36287039 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202213615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Ultralong afterglow emissions due to room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) are of paramount importance in the advancement of smart sensors, bioimaging and light-emitting devices. We herein present an efficient approach to achieve rarely accessible phosphorescence of heavy atom-free organoboranes via photochemical switching of sterically tunable fluorescent Lewis pairs (LPs). LPs are widely applied in and well-known for their outstanding performance in catalysis and supramolecular soft materials but have not thus far been exploited to develop photo-responsive RTP materials. The intramolecular LP M1BNM not only shows a dynamic response to thermal treatment due to reversible N→B coordination but crystals of M1BNM also undergo rapid photochromic switching. As a result, unusual emission switching from short-lived fluorescence to long-lived phosphorescence (rad-M1BNM, τRTP =232 ms) is observed. The reported discoveries in the field of Lewis pairs chemistry offer important insights into their structural dynamics, while also pointing to new opportunities for photoactive materials with implications for fast responsive detectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Shi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology of China, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Yi Zeng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology of China, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Pavel Kucheryavy
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University-Newark, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Xiaodong Yin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology of China, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology of China, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Guoyun Meng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology of China, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Jinfa Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology of China, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Qian Zhu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology of China, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Nan Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology of China, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology of China, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Frieder Jäkle
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University-Newark, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Pangkuan Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology of China, Beijing, 102488, China
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8
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Hollister KK, Yang W, Mondol R, Wentz KE, Molino A, Kaur A, Dickie DA, Frenking G, Pan S, Wilson DJD, Gilliard RJ. Isolation of Stable Borepin Radicals and Anions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202202516. [PMID: 35289046 PMCID: PMC9324096 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202202516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Borepin, a 7‐membered boron‐containing heterocycle, has become an emerging molecular platform for the development of new materials and optoelectronics. While electron‐deficient borepins are well‐established, reduced electron‐rich species have remained elusive. Herein we report the first isolable, crystalline borepin radical (2 a, 2 b) and anion (3 a, 3 b) complexes, which have been synthesized by potassium graphite (KC8) reduction of cyclic(alkyl)(amino) carbene‐dibenzo[b,d]borepin precursors. Borepin radicals and anions have been characterized by EPR or NMR, elemental analysis, X‐ray crystallography, and cyclic voltammetry. In addition, the bonding features have been investigated computationally using density functional theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly K Hollister
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, 409 McCormick Rd./PO Box 400319, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - Wenlong Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, 409 McCormick Rd./PO Box 400319, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - Ranajit Mondol
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, 409 McCormick Rd./PO Box 400319, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - Kelsie E Wentz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, 409 McCormick Rd./PO Box 400319, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - Andrew Molino
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, Latrobe University, Melbourne, 3086, Victoria, Australia
| | - Aishvaryadeep Kaur
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, Latrobe University, Melbourne, 3086, Victoria, Australia
| | - Diane A Dickie
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, 409 McCormick Rd./PO Box 400319, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - Gernot Frenking
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Sudip Pan
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - David J D Wilson
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, Latrobe University, Melbourne, 3086, Victoria, Australia
| | - Robert J Gilliard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, 409 McCormick Rd./PO Box 400319, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
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9
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Schön F, Sigmund LM, Schneider F, Hartmann D, Wiebe MA, Manners I, Greb L. Calix[4]pyrrolato Aluminate Catalyzes the Dehydrocoupling of Phenylphosphine Borane to High Molar Weight Polymers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202202176. [PMID: 35235698 PMCID: PMC9313825 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202202176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
High molar weight polyphosphinoboranes represent materials with auspicious properties, but their preparation requires transition metal‐based catalysts. Here, calix[4]pyrrolato aluminate is shown to induce the dehydropolymerization of phosphine boranes to high molar mass polyphosphinoboranes (up to Mn=43 000 Da). Combined GPC and 31P DOSY NMR spectroscopic analyses, quantum chemical computations, and stoichiometric reactions disclose a P−H bond activation by the cooperative action of the square‐planar aluminate and the electron‐rich ligand framework. This first transition metal‐free catalyst for P−B dehydrocoupling overcomes the problem of residual d‐block metal impurities in the resulting polymers that might interfere with the reproducibility of the properties for this emerging class of inorganic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Schön
- Department of Chemistry University of Victoria Victoria BC, V8P 5C2 Canada
| | - Lukas M. Sigmund
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Friederike Schneider
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Deborah Hartmann
- Department of Chemistry University of Victoria Victoria BC, V8P 5C2 Canada
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Matthew A. Wiebe
- Department of Chemistry University of Victoria Victoria BC, V8P 5C2 Canada
| | - Ian Manners
- Department of Chemistry University of Victoria Victoria BC, V8P 5C2 Canada
| | - Lutz Greb
- Anorganische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin Fabeckstraße 34–36 14195 Berlin Germany
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10
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Li P, Shimoyama D, Zhang N, Jia Y, Hu G, Li C, Yin X, Wang N, Jäkle F, Chen P. A New Platform of B/N‐Doped Cyclophanes: Access to a π‐Conjugated Block‐Type B
3
N
3
Macrocycle with Strong Dipole Moment and Unique Optoelectronic Properties. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202200612. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202200612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology of China Beijing 102488 China
| | - Daisuke Shimoyama
- Department of Chemistry Rutgers University-Newark 73 Warren Street Newark NJ 07102 USA
| | - Niu Zhang
- Analysis & Testing Centers Beijing Institute of Technology of China Beijing 102488 China
| | - Yawei Jia
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology of China Beijing 102488 China
| | - Guofei Hu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology of China Beijing 102488 China
| | - Chenglong Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology of China Beijing 102488 China
| | - Xiaodong Yin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology of China Beijing 102488 China
| | - Nan Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology of China Beijing 102488 China
| | - Frieder Jäkle
- Department of Chemistry Rutgers University-Newark 73 Warren Street Newark NJ 07102 USA
| | - Pangkuan Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology of China Beijing 102488 China
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11
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Hollister KK, Yang W, Mondol R, Wentz KE, Molino A, Kaur A, Dickie DA, Frenking G, Pan S, Wilson DJD, Gilliard RJ. Isolation of Stable Borepin Radicals and Anions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202202516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly K. Hollister
- Department of Chemistry University of Virginia 409 McCormick Rd./PO Box 400319 Charlottesville VA 22904 USA
| | - Wenlong Yang
- Department of Chemistry University of Virginia 409 McCormick Rd./PO Box 400319 Charlottesville VA 22904 USA
| | - Ranajit Mondol
- Department of Chemistry University of Virginia 409 McCormick Rd./PO Box 400319 Charlottesville VA 22904 USA
| | - Kelsie E. Wentz
- Department of Chemistry University of Virginia 409 McCormick Rd./PO Box 400319 Charlottesville VA 22904 USA
| | - Andrew Molino
- Department of Chemistry and Physics La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science Latrobe University Melbourne 3086, Victoria Australia
| | - Aishvaryadeep Kaur
- Department of Chemistry and Physics La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science Latrobe University Melbourne 3086, Victoria Australia
| | - Diane A. Dickie
- Department of Chemistry University of Virginia 409 McCormick Rd./PO Box 400319 Charlottesville VA 22904 USA
| | - Gernot Frenking
- Fachbereich Chemie Philipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4 35043 Marburg Germany
| | - Sudip Pan
- Fachbereich Chemie Philipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4 35043 Marburg Germany
| | - David J. D. Wilson
- Department of Chemistry and Physics La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science Latrobe University Melbourne 3086, Victoria Australia
| | - Robert J. Gilliard
- Department of Chemistry University of Virginia 409 McCormick Rd./PO Box 400319 Charlottesville VA 22904 USA
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12
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Schön F, Sigmund LM, Schneider F, Hartmann D, Wiebe MA, Manners I, Greb L. Calix[4]pyrrolato Aluminate Catalyzes the Dehydrocoupling of Phenylphosphine Borane to High Molar Weight Polymers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202202176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Schön
- Department of Chemistry University of Victoria Victoria BC, V8P 5C2 Canada
| | - Lukas M. Sigmund
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Friederike Schneider
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Deborah Hartmann
- Department of Chemistry University of Victoria Victoria BC, V8P 5C2 Canada
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Matthew A. Wiebe
- Department of Chemistry University of Victoria Victoria BC, V8P 5C2 Canada
| | - Ian Manners
- Department of Chemistry University of Victoria Victoria BC, V8P 5C2 Canada
| | - Lutz Greb
- Anorganische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin Fabeckstraße 34–36 14195 Berlin Germany
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13
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Li P, Shimoyama D, Zhang N, Jia Y, Hu G, Li C, Yin X, Wang N, Jäkle F, Chen P. A New Platform of B/N‐Doped Cyclophanes: Access to a π‐Conjugated Block‐Type B
3
N
3
Macrocycle with Strong Dipole Moment and Unique Optoelectronic Properties. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202200612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology of China Beijing 102488 China
| | - Daisuke Shimoyama
- Department of Chemistry Rutgers University-Newark 73 Warren Street Newark NJ 07102 USA
| | - Niu Zhang
- Analysis & Testing Centers Beijing Institute of Technology of China Beijing 102488 China
| | - Yawei Jia
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology of China Beijing 102488 China
| | - Guofei Hu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology of China Beijing 102488 China
| | - Chenglong Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology of China Beijing 102488 China
| | - Xiaodong Yin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology of China Beijing 102488 China
| | - Nan Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology of China Beijing 102488 China
| | - Frieder Jäkle
- Department of Chemistry Rutgers University-Newark 73 Warren Street Newark NJ 07102 USA
| | - Pangkuan Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology of China Beijing 102488 China
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14
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Vanga M, Sahoo A, Lalancette RA, Jäkle F. Linear Extension of Anthracene via B←N Lewis Pair Formation: Effects on Optoelectronic Properties and Singlet O
2
Sensitization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202113075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mukundam Vanga
- Department of Chemistry Rutgers University-Newark 73 Warren Street Newark NJ 07102 USA
| | - Ashutosh Sahoo
- Department of Chemistry Rutgers University-Newark 73 Warren Street Newark NJ 07102 USA
| | - Roger A. Lalancette
- Department of Chemistry Rutgers University-Newark 73 Warren Street Newark NJ 07102 USA
| | - Frieder Jäkle
- Department of Chemistry Rutgers University-Newark 73 Warren Street Newark NJ 07102 USA
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15
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Wang G, Wei M, Liu T, Jin W, Zhang Y, Wang B, Xia Y, Liu C. Palladium‐catalyzed Stereoselective Intramolecular Heck Dearomative Silylation of Indoles. Adv Synth Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202101183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Weiwei Jin
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences CHINA
| | | | | | - Yu Xia
- Xinjiang University CHINA
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16
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Vanga M, Sahoo A, Lalancette RA, Jäkle F. Linear Extension of Anthracene via B←N Lewis Pair Formation: Effects on Optoelectronic Properties and Singlet O 2 Sensitization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202113075. [PMID: 34847268 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202113075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The functionalization of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) via B←N Lewis pair formation offers an opportunity to judiciously fine-tune the structural features and optoelectronic properties, to suit the demands of applications in organic electronic devices, bioimaging, and as sensitizers for singlet oxygen generation. We demonstrate that the N-directed electrophilic borylation of 2,6-di(pyrid-2-yl)anthracene offers access to linearly extended acene derivatives Py-BR (R=Et, Ph, C6 F5 ). In comparison to indeno-fused 9,10-diphenylanthracene, the formal "BN for CC" replacement in Py-BR selectively lowers the LUMO, resulting in a much reduced HOMO-LUMO gap. An even more extended conjugated system with seven six-membered rings in a row (Qu-BEt) is obtained by borylation of 2,6-di(quinolin-8-yl)anthracene. Fluorinated Py-BPf shows particularly advantageous properties, including relatively lower-lying HOMO and LUMO levels, strong yellow-green fluorescence, and effective singlet oxygen sensitization, while resisting self-sensitized conversion to its endoperoxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukundam Vanga
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University-Newark, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
| | - Ashutosh Sahoo
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University-Newark, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
| | - Roger A Lalancette
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University-Newark, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
| | - Frieder Jäkle
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University-Newark, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
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17
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Götz T, Falk A, Bauer JO. Molecular Scissors for Tailor-Made Modification of Siloxane Scaffolds. Chemistry 2021; 28:e202103531. [PMID: 34761842 PMCID: PMC9299477 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The controlled design of functional oligosiloxanes is an important topic in current research. A consecutive Si−O−Si bond cleavage/formation using siloxanes that are substituted with 1,2‐diaminobenzene derivatives acting as molecular scissors is presented. The method allows to cut at certain positions of a siloxane scaffold forming a cyclic diaminosilane or ‐siloxane intermediate and then to introduce new functional siloxy units. The procedure could be extended to a direct one‐step cleavage of chlorooligosiloxanes. Both siloxane formation and cleavage proceed with good to excellent yields, high regioselectivity, and great variability of the siloxy units. Control of the selectivity is achieved by the choice of the amino substituent. Insight into the mechanism was provided by low temperature NMR studies and the isolation of a lithiated intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Götz
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Falk
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Jonathan O Bauer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053, Regensburg, Germany
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18
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Rottschäfer D, Glodde T, Neumann B, Stammler HG, Andrada DM, Ghadwal RS. Isolation of 1,4-Diarsinine-1,4-diide and 1,4-Diarsinine Derivatives. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:15849-15853. [PMID: 34015179 PMCID: PMC9540016 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202105835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
1,4‐Diarsinine‐1,4‐diide compound [(ADCPh)As]2 (5) (ADCPh={C(DippN)}2CPh, Dipp=2,6‐iPr2C6H3) with a planar C4As2 ring fused between two 1,3‐imidazole scaffolds has been isolated as a red crystalline solid. Compound 5, formally comprising an 8π‐electron C4As2 ring, is antiaromatic and undergoes 2e‐oxidation with AgOTf to form the 6π‐electron aromatic system [(ADCPh)As]2(OTf)2 (6).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Rottschäfer
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Inorganic and Structural Chemistry, Center for Molecular Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Timo Glodde
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Inorganic and Structural Chemistry, Center for Molecular Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Beate Neumann
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Inorganic and Structural Chemistry, Center for Molecular Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Stammler
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Inorganic and Structural Chemistry, Center for Molecular Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Diego M Andrada
- Inorganic and Computational Chemistry Group, Allgemeine und Anorganische Chemie, Universität des Saarlandes, Campus C4.1, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Rajendra S Ghadwal
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Inorganic and Structural Chemistry, Center for Molecular Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
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19
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Rottschäfer D, Glodde T, Neumann B, Stammler H, Andrada DM, Ghadwal RS. Isolierung von 1,4‐Diarsinin‐1,4‐diid‐ und 1,4‐Diarsinin‐Derivaten. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202105835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Rottschäfer
- Anorganische Molekülchemie und Katalyse Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie Zentrum für Molekulare Materialien Fakultät für Chemie Universität Bielefeld Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Deutschland
| | - Timo Glodde
- Anorganische Molekülchemie und Katalyse Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie Zentrum für Molekulare Materialien Fakultät für Chemie Universität Bielefeld Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Deutschland
| | - Beate Neumann
- Anorganische Molekülchemie und Katalyse Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie Zentrum für Molekulare Materialien Fakultät für Chemie Universität Bielefeld Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Deutschland
| | - Hans‐Georg Stammler
- Anorganische Molekülchemie und Katalyse Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie Zentrum für Molekulare Materialien Fakultät für Chemie Universität Bielefeld Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Deutschland
| | - Diego M. Andrada
- Inorganic and Computational Chemistry Group Allgemeine und Anorganische Chemie Universität des Saarlandes Campus C4.1 66123 Saarbrücken Deutschland
| | - Rajendra S. Ghadwal
- Anorganische Molekülchemie und Katalyse Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie Zentrum für Molekulare Materialien Fakultät für Chemie Universität Bielefeld Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Deutschland
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20
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Caise A, Griffin LP, Heilmann A, McManus C, Campos J, Aldridge S. Controlling Catenation in Germanium(I) Chemistry through Hemilability. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202104643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexa Caise
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory Department of Chemistry University of Oxford South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3QR UK
| | - Liam P. Griffin
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory Department of Chemistry University of Oxford South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3QR UK
| | - Andreas Heilmann
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory Department of Chemistry University of Oxford South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3QR UK
| | - Caitilín McManus
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory Department of Chemistry University of Oxford South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3QR UK
| | - Jesús Campos
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory Department of Chemistry University of Oxford South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3QR UK
| | - Simon Aldridge
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory Department of Chemistry University of Oxford South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3QR UK
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21
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Caise A, Griffin LP, Heilmann A, McManus C, Campos J, Aldridge S. Controlling Catenation in Germanium(I) Chemistry through Hemilability. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:15606-15612. [PMID: 33939867 PMCID: PMC8362110 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202104643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
We present a novel approach for constructing chains of Group 14 metal atoms linked by unsupported metal-metal bonds that exploits hemilabile ligands to generate unsaturated metal sites. The formation/nature of catenated species (oligo-dimetallynes) can be controlled by the use of (acidic/basic) "protecting groups" and through variation of the ligand scaffold. Reduction of ArNiPr2 GeCl (ArNiPr2 =2,6-(i Pr2 NCH2 )2 C6 H3 )-featuring hemilabile Ni Pr2 donors-yields (ArNiPr2 Ge)4 (2), which contains a tetrameric Ge4 chain. 2 represents a novel type of a linear homo-catenated GeI compound featuring unsupported E-E bonds. Trapping experiments reveal that a key structural component is the central two-way Ge=Ge donor-acceptor bond: reactions with IMe4 and W(CO)5 (NMe3 ) give the base- or acid-stabilized digermynes (ArNiPr2 Ge(IMe4 ))2 (4) and (ArNiPr2 Ge{W(CO)5 })2 (5), respectively. The use of smaller N-donors leads to stronger Ge-N interactions and quenching of catenation behaviour: reduction of ArNEt2 GeCl gives the digermyne (ArNEt2 Ge)2 , while the unsymmetrical system ArNEt2 GeGeArNiPr2 dimerizes to give tetranuclear (ArNEt2 GeGeArNiPr2 )2 through aggregation at the Ni Pr2 -ligated GeI centres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexa Caise
- Inorganic Chemistry LaboratoryDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of OxfordSouth Parks RoadOxfordOX1 3QRUK
| | - Liam P. Griffin
- Inorganic Chemistry LaboratoryDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of OxfordSouth Parks RoadOxfordOX1 3QRUK
| | - Andreas Heilmann
- Inorganic Chemistry LaboratoryDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of OxfordSouth Parks RoadOxfordOX1 3QRUK
| | - Caitilín McManus
- Inorganic Chemistry LaboratoryDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of OxfordSouth Parks RoadOxfordOX1 3QRUK
| | - Jesús Campos
- Inorganic Chemistry LaboratoryDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of OxfordSouth Parks RoadOxfordOX1 3QRUK
| | - Simon Aldridge
- Inorganic Chemistry LaboratoryDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of OxfordSouth Parks RoadOxfordOX1 3QRUK
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22
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Dankert F, Hänisch C. Siloxane Coordination Revisited: Si−O Bond Character, Reactivity and Magnificent Molecular Shapes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Dankert
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e. V. (LIKAT Rostock) Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Carsten Hänisch
- Fachbereich Chemie und Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften (WZMW) Philipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35032 Marburg Germany
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23
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Yin X, Liu J, Jäkle F. Electron‐Deficient Conjugated Materials via p–π* Conjugation with Boron: Extending Monomers to Oligomers, Macrocycles, and Polymers. Chemistry 2020; 27:2973-2986. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Yin
- Department of Chemistry Rutgers University-Newark 73 Warren Street Newark NJ 07102 USA
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science Ministry of Education of China Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic, Conversion Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 102488 P. R. China
| | - Jun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun 130022 P. R. China
| | - Frieder Jäkle
- Department of Chemistry Rutgers University-Newark 73 Warren Street Newark NJ 07102 USA
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24
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Barát V, Stuparu MC. Selenium and Tellurium Derivatives of Corannulene: Serendipitous Discovery of a One-Dimensional Stereoregular Coordination Polymer Crystal Based on Te-O Backbone and Side-Chain Aromatic Array. Chemistry 2020; 26:15135-15139. [PMID: 32935415 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Monobromo-, tetrabromo-, and pentachloro-corannulene are subjected to nucleophilic substitution reactions with tolyl selenide and phenyl telluride-based nucleophiles generated in situ from the corresponding dichalcogenides. In the case of selenium nucleophile, the reaction provides moderate yields (52-77 %) of the targeted corannulene selenoethers. A subsequent oxidation of the selenium atoms proceeds smoothly to furnish corannulene selenones in 81-93 % yield. In the case of tellurides, only monosubstitution of the corannulene scaffold could be achieved albeit with concomitant oxidation of the tellerium atom. Unexpectedly, this monotelluroxide derivative of corannulene (RR'Te=O, R=Ph, R'=corannulene) is observed to form a linear coordination polymer chain in the crystalline state. In this chain, Te-O constitutes the polymer backbone around which the aromatic groups (R and R') arrange as polymer side-chains. The polymer crystal is stabilized through intramolecular π-π stacking interactions of the side-chains and intermolecular hydrogen and halogen bonding interactions with the solvent (chloroform) molecules. Interestingly, each diad of the polymer chain is racemic. Therefore, in terms of stereoregularity, the polymer chain can be described as syndiotactic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktor Barát
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 21-Nanyang Link, 637371, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mihaiela C Stuparu
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 21-Nanyang Link, 637371, Singapore, Singapore.,School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore, Singapore
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25
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Strasser P, Teasdale I. Main-Chain Phosphorus-Containing Polymers for Therapeutic Applications. Molecules 2020; 25:E1716. [PMID: 32276516 PMCID: PMC7181247 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25071716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymers in which phosphorus is an integral part of the main chain, including polyphosphazenes and polyphosphoesters, have been widely investigated in recent years for their potential in a number of therapeutic applications. Phosphorus, as the central feature of these polymers, endears the chemical functionalization, and in some cases (bio)degradability, to facilitate their use in such therapeutic formulations. Recent advances in the synthetic polymer chemistry have allowed for controlled synthesis methods in order to prepare the complex macromolecular structures required, alongside the control and reproducibility desired for such medical applications. While the main polymer families described herein, polyphosphazenes and polyphosphoesters and their analogues, as well as phosphorus-based dendrimers, have hitherto predominantly been investigated in isolation from one another, this review aims to highlight and bring together some of this research. In doing so, the focus is placed on the essential, and often mutual, design features and structure-property relationships that allow the preparation of such functional materials. The first part of the review details the relevant features of phosphorus-containing polymers in respect to their use in therapeutic applications, while the second part highlights some recent and innovative applications, offering insights into the most state-of-the-art research on phosphorus-based polymers in a therapeutic context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Strasser
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz (JKU), Altenberger Straße 69, A-4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Ian Teasdale
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz (JKU), Altenberger Straße 69, A-4040 Linz, Austria
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26
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Baser‐Kirazli N, Lalancette RA, Jäkle F. Enhancing the Acceptor Character of Conjugated Organoborane Macrocycles: A Highly Electron‐Deficient Hexaboracyclophane. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:8689-8697. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202001904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nurcan Baser‐Kirazli
- Department of Chemistry Rutgers University-Newark 73 Warren Street Newark NJ 07102 USA
| | - Roger A. Lalancette
- Department of Chemistry Rutgers University-Newark 73 Warren Street Newark NJ 07102 USA
| | - Frieder Jäkle
- Department of Chemistry Rutgers University-Newark 73 Warren Street Newark NJ 07102 USA
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Baser‐Kirazli N, Lalancette RA, Jäkle F. Enhancing the Acceptor Character of Conjugated Organoborane Macrocycles: A Highly Electron‐Deficient Hexaboracyclophane. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202001904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nurcan Baser‐Kirazli
- Department of Chemistry Rutgers University-Newark 73 Warren Street Newark NJ 07102 USA
| | - Roger A. Lalancette
- Department of Chemistry Rutgers University-Newark 73 Warren Street Newark NJ 07102 USA
| | - Frieder Jäkle
- Department of Chemistry Rutgers University-Newark 73 Warren Street Newark NJ 07102 USA
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28
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Yang W, Krantz KE, Freeman LA, Dickie DA, Molino A, Frenking G, Pan S, Wilson DJD, Gilliard RJ. Persistent Borafluorene Radicals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:3850-3854. [PMID: 31816143 PMCID: PMC7064902 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201909627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
N‐Heterocyclic carbene (NHC)‐ and cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbene (CAAC)‐stabilized borafluorene radicals have been isolated and characterized by elemental analysis, single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, UV/Vis absorption, cyclic voltammetry (CV), electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, and theoretical studies. Both the CAAC–borafluorene radical (2) and the NHC–borafluorene radical (4) have a considerable amount of spin density localized on the boron atoms (0.322 for 2 and 0.369 for 4). In compound 2, the unpaired electron is also partly delocalized over the CAAC ligand carbeneC and N atoms. However, the unpaired electron in compound 4 mainly resides throughout the borafluorene π‐system, with significantly less delocalization over the NHC ligand. These results highlight the Lewis base dependent electrostructural tuning of materials‐relevant radicals. Notably, this is the first report of crystalline borafluorene radicals, and these species exhibit remarkable solid‐state and solution stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlong Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, 409 McCormick Rd./ PO Box 400319, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA
| | - Kelsie E Krantz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, 409 McCormick Rd./ PO Box 400319, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA
| | - Lucas A Freeman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, 409 McCormick Rd./ PO Box 400319, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA
| | - Diane A Dickie
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, 409 McCormick Rd./ PO Box 400319, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA
| | - Andrew Molino
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, 3086, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gernot Frenking
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Sudip Pan
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - David J D Wilson
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, 3086, Victoria, Australia
| | - Robert J Gilliard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, 409 McCormick Rd./ PO Box 400319, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA
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29
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Yang W, Krantz KE, Freeman LA, Dickie DA, Molino A, Frenking G, Pan S, Wilson DJD, Gilliard RJ. Persistent Borafluorene Radicals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201909627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenlong Yang
- Department of Chemistry University of Virginia 409 McCormick Rd./ PO Box 400319 Charlottesville VA 22904 USA
| | - Kelsie E. Krantz
- Department of Chemistry University of Virginia 409 McCormick Rd./ PO Box 400319 Charlottesville VA 22904 USA
| | - Lucas A. Freeman
- Department of Chemistry University of Virginia 409 McCormick Rd./ PO Box 400319 Charlottesville VA 22904 USA
| | - Diane A. Dickie
- Department of Chemistry University of Virginia 409 McCormick Rd./ PO Box 400319 Charlottesville VA 22904 USA
| | - Andrew Molino
- Department of Chemistry and Physics La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science La Trobe University Melbourne 3086 Victoria Australia
| | - Gernot Frenking
- Fachbereich Chemie Philipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Straße 35043 Marburg Germany
| | - Sudip Pan
- Fachbereich Chemie Philipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Straße 35043 Marburg Germany
| | - David J. D. Wilson
- Department of Chemistry and Physics La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science La Trobe University Melbourne 3086 Victoria Australia
| | - Robert J. Gilliard
- Department of Chemistry University of Virginia 409 McCormick Rd./ PO Box 400319 Charlottesville VA 22904 USA
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30
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Shinozaki T, Rosas-Sánchez A, Hashizume D, Ito S. Incomplete Electrocyclization of a Sterically Hindered 1,4-Diphosphabutadiene. Chempluschem 2020; 84:1761-1766. [PMID: 31943877 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201900632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Butadiene is the simplest neutral acyclic closed-shell π-conjugated system and is typically sufficiently stable enough to avoid electrocyclization to cyclobutene. In contrast, most congeners of butadiene containing heavier elements are easily converted into the corresponding 4-membered cyclobutene system. Herein, we demonstrate that the gauche 1,4-diphosphabutadiene (P=C-C=P) skeleton in a sterically encumbered 2,3-bis(phosphanylidene)-1,4-disilinane can be remarkably perturbed due to "incomplete electrocyclization" where P=C-C=P partially form the corresponding 1,2-dihydrodiphosphete (3,4-diphosphacyclobutene) by [2+2] electrocyclization. 31 P NMR data obtained in solution indicated that the coexistence of a closed ring substantially reduces the open-ring characteristics of the P=C-C=P moiety. However, the 31 P CP-MAS spectrum of 2,3-bis(phosphanylidene)-1,4-disilinane showed that the P=C-C=P structure is predominant in the solid-state. Single-crystal X-ray analysis revealed that decreasing the temperature promoted the generation of small amounts of incomplete 1,2-dihydrodiphosphete system in the crystalline state. Furthermore, the 1,2-dihydrodiphosphete units disappeared upon warming the single crystal, and this unique solid-state electrocyclization reaction was reversible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomokazu Shinozaki
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1-H113, Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8552, Japan
| | - Alfredo Rosas-Sánchez
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Daisuke Hashizume
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Shigekazu Ito
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1-H113, Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8552, Japan
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Rivard E. Metallacycle Transfer and its Link to Light-Emitting Materials and Conjugated Polymers. CHEM REC 2019; 20:640-648. [PMID: 31833670 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201900095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Major advances in optoelectronic technologies (e. g., solar cells, organic light-emitting diodes, etc…) are prefaced by the discovery of new synthetic methodologies. In this review, the key role of the Fagan-Nugent reaction in enabling our team (and others) to gain access to new building blocks for luminescent materials and conjugated polymers bearing p-block elements will be described. The Fagan-Nugent reaction is extremely powerful as a synthetic tool since the efficient zirconium-element atom exchange involved affords a wide range of unsaturated inorganic heterocycles of controllable composition and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Rivard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Dr., Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada
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Baraniak MK, Lalancette RA, Jäkle F. Electron‐Deficient Borinic Acid Polymers: Synthesis, Supramolecular Assembly, and Examination as Catalysts in Amide Bond Formation. Chemistry 2019; 25:13799-13810. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201903196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Monika K. Baraniak
- Department of ChemistryRutgers University-Newark 73 Warren Street Newark NJ 07102 USA
| | - Roger A. Lalancette
- Department of ChemistryRutgers University-Newark 73 Warren Street Newark NJ 07102 USA
| | - Frieder Jäkle
- Department of ChemistryRutgers University-Newark 73 Warren Street Newark NJ 07102 USA
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Yang W, Krantz KE, Freeman LA, Dickie DA, Molino A, Kaur A, Wilson DJD, Gilliard RJ. Stable Borepinium and Borafluorenium Heterocycles: A Reversible Thermochromic "Switch" Based on Boron-Oxygen Interactions. Chemistry 2019; 25:12512-12516. [PMID: 31334883 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201903348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The first examples of N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) and cyclic(alkyl)(amino) carbene (CAAC) stabilized borepinium and borafluorenium heterocycles are reported herein. The optical properties of the heterocyclic borenium cations were tuned by varying the Lewis base and by changing the number of atoms in the ring. More importantly, functionalizing the cationic boron ring system in the NHC-borafluorenium cation affords a temperature-sensitive molecule with reversible colorimetric "turn off/turn on" properties in solution. Notably, this is the first report of thermochromism in these cationic species. This property, which is mediated by an intermolecular boron-oxygen bond equilibrium, was examined in detail by X-ray crystallography, variable temperature-UV/Vis absorption spectroscopy (VT-UV/Vis), and density functional theory (DFT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlong Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, 409 McCormick Rd./ PO Box 400319, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA
| | - Kelsie E Krantz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, 409 McCormick Rd./ PO Box 400319, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA
| | - Lucas A Freeman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, 409 McCormick Rd./ PO Box 400319, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA
| | - Diane A Dickie
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, 409 McCormick Rd./ PO Box 400319, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA
| | - Andrew Molino
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, 3086, Victoria, Australia
| | - Aishvaryadeep Kaur
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, 3086, Victoria, Australia
| | - David J D Wilson
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, 3086, Victoria, Australia
| | - Robert J Gilliard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, 409 McCormick Rd./ PO Box 400319, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA
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