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Ma S, Gao J, Tian Y, Wen L. Recent progress in chemoenzymatic synthesis of human glycans. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:7767-7785. [PMID: 39246045 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob01006j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/10/2024]
Abstract
Glycan is an essential cell component that usually exists in either a free form or a glycoconjugated form. Glycosylation affects the regulatory function of glycoconjugates in health and disease development, indicating the key role of glycan in organisms. Because of the complexity and diversity of glycan structures, it is challenging to prepare structurally well-defined glycans, which hinders the investigation of biological functions at the molecular level. Chemoenzymatic synthesis is an attractive approach for preparing complex glycans, because it avoids tedious protecting group manipulations in chemical synthesis and ensures high regio- and stereo-selectivity of glucosides during glycan assembly. Herein, enzymes, such as glycosyltransferases (GTs) and glycosidases (GHs), and sugar donors involved in the chemoenzymatic synthesis of human glycans are initially discussed. Many state-of-the-art chemoenzymatic methodologies are subsequently displayed and summarized to illustrate the development of synthetic human glycans, for example, N- and O-linked glycans, human milk oligosaccharides, and glycosaminoglycans. Thus, we provide an overview of recent chemoenzymatic synthetic designs and applications for synthesizing complex human glycans, along with insights into the limitations and perspectives of the current methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengzhou Ma
- Carbohydrate-Based Drug Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jinhua Gao
- Carbohydrate-Based Drug Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Yinping Tian
- Carbohydrate-Based Drug Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Liuqing Wen
- Carbohydrate-Based Drug Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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2
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Bai Y, Yang X, Yu H, Chen X. Substrate and Process Engineering for Biocatalytic Synthesis and Facile Purification of Human Milk Oligosaccharides. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202102539. [PMID: 35100486 PMCID: PMC9272545 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202102539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Innovation in process development is essential for applying biocatalysis in industrial and laboratory production of organic compounds, including beneficial carbohydrates such as human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs). HMOs have attracted increasing attention for their potential application as key ingredients in products that can improve human health. To efficiently access HMOs through biocatalysis, a combined substrate and process engineering strategy is developed, namely multistep one-pot multienzyme (MSOPME) design. The strategy allows access to a pure tagged HMO in a single reactor with a single C18-cartridge purification process, despite the length of the target. Its efficiency is demonstrated in the high-yielding (71-91 %) one-pot synthesis of twenty tagged HMOs (83-155 mg), including long-chain oligosaccharides with or without fucosylation or sialylation up to nonaoses from a lactoside without the isolation of the intermediate oligosaccharides. Gram-scale synthesis of an important HMO derivative - tagged lacto-N-fucopentaose-I (LNFP-I) - proceeds in 84 % yield. Tag removal is carried out in high efficiency (94-97 %) without the need for column purification to produce the desired natural HMOs with a free reducing end. The method can be readily adapted for large-scale synthesis and automation to allow quick access to HMOs, other glycans, and glycoconjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Bai
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, 95616, Davis, California, USA
| | - Xiaohong Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, 95616, Davis, California, USA
| | - Hai Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, 95616, Davis, California, USA
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, 95616, Davis, California, USA
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3
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Schelch S, Koszagova R, Kuballa J, Nidetzky B. Immobilization of CMP‐sialic acid synthetase and α2,3‐sialyltransferase for cascade synthesis of 3'‐sialyl β‐D‐galactoside with enzyme reuse. ChemCatChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202101860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Schelch
- TU Graz: Technische Universitat Graz Institut für Biotechnologie und Bioprozesstechnik AUSTRIA
| | - Romana Koszagova
- Technische Universität Graz: Technische Universitat Graz Institut für Biotechnologie und Bioprozesstechnik AUSTRIA
| | | | - Bernd Nidetzky
- Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering Graz University of Technology Petersgasse 12 8010 Graz AUSTRIA
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4
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Zhang Q, Wang S, Li Z, Lasanajak Y, Li L, Song X. Regeneration of Free Reducing Glycans from Reductive Amination-Tagged Glycans by Oxone. J Org Chem 2022; 87:3736-3740. [PMID: 35143205 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Glycans are usually fluorescently tagged by reductive amination for analytic tools. However, free reducing glycan regeneration is sometimes important and necessary for further structural or functional studies. Here, we introduce a new method for efficiently removing fluorescent tags from glycoconjugates by a simple treatment with Oxone. This method is proven to be fast and general after being tested on a series of common saccharides and widely used tags. We successfully achieved N-glycopeptide synthesis by using the regenerated glycans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Shuaishuai Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30302, United States
| | - Zhonghua Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Yi Lasanajak
- Emory Glycomics and Molecular Interactions Core, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30302, United States
| | - Xuezheng Song
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States.,Emory Glycomics and Molecular Interactions Core, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
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5
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Yue P, Hu Y, Tian R, Bian J, Peng F. Hydrothermal pretreatment for the production of oligosaccharides: A review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 343:126075. [PMID: 34606922 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Oligosaccharides are low-molecular-weight carbohydrates with crucial physical, chemical, and physiological properties, which are increasingly important in the fields of food, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and biomedicine. Pretreating biomass in a cost-effective way is a significant challenge for oligosaccharides research. Hydrothermal pretreatment is a potentially eco-friendly technology to obtain oligosaccharides by deconstructing biomass. In this work, we compared the differences between hydrothermal pretreatment and the traditional pretreatment method. The fundamentals and classification of hydrothermal pretreatment, as well as the latest studies on hydrothermal preparation of oligosaccharides, were further reviewed and evaluated to provide a theoretical basis for the production and application of oligosaccharides. Some challenges and future trends to develop green and large-scale hydrothermal pretreatment were proposed for the production of oligosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Yue
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Yajie Hu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Rui Tian
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Jing Bian
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Feng Peng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China.
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6
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Liu M, Qin X, Ye XS. Glycan Assembly Strategy: From Concept to Application. CHEM REC 2021; 21:3256-3277. [PMID: 34498347 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202100183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Glycans have been hot topics in recent years due to their exhibition of numerous biological activities. However, the heterogeneity of their natural source and the complexity of their chemical synthesis impede the progress in their biological research. Thus, the development of glycan assembly strategies to acquire plenty of structurally well-defined glycans is an important issue in carbohydrate chemistry. In this review, the latest advances in glycan assembly strategies from concepts to their applications in carbohydrate synthesis, including chemical and enzymatic/chemo-enzymatic approaches, as well as solution-phase and solid-phase/tag-assisted synthesis, are summarized. Furthermore, the automated glycan assembly techniques are also outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingli Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road No. 38, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xianjin Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road No. 38, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xin-Shan Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road No. 38, Beijing, 100191, China
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Zhang J, Liu D, Saikam V, Gadi MR, Gibbons C, Fu X, Song H, Yu J, Kondengaden SM, Wang PG, Wen L. Machine-Driven Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Glycopeptide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:19825-19829. [PMID: 32677091 PMCID: PMC7733604 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202001124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Historically, researchers have put considerable effort into developing automation systems to prepare natural biopolymers such as peptides and oligonucleotides. The availability of such mature systems has significantly advanced the development of natural science. Over the past twenty years, breakthroughs in automated synthesis of oligosaccharides have also been achieved. A machine-driven platform for glycopeptide synthesis by a reconstructed peptide synthesizer is described. The designed platform is based on the use of an amine-functionalized silica resin to facilitate the chemical synthesis of peptides in organic solvent as well as the enzymatic synthesis of glycan epitopes in the aqueous phase in a single reaction vessel. Both syntheses were performed by a peptide synthesizer in a semiautomated manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Ding Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Varma Saikam
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Madhusudhan R Gadi
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | | | - Xuan Fu
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Heliang Song
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Jin Yu
- Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | | | - Peng G Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Liuqing Wen
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
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8
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Mertsch A, He N, Yi D, Kickstein M, Fessner W. An α2,3-Sialyltransferase from Photobacterium phosphoreum with Broad Substrate Scope: Controlling Hydrolytic Activity by Directed Evolution. Chemistry 2020; 26:11614-11624. [PMID: 32596832 PMCID: PMC7540698 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Defined sialoglycoconjugates are important molecular probes for studying the role of sialylated glycans in biological systems. We show that the α2,3-sialyltransferase from Photobacterium phosphoreum JT-ISH-467 (2,3SiaTpph ) tolerates a very broad substrate scope for modifications in the sialic acid part, including bulky amide variation, C5/C9 substitution, and C5 stereoinversion. To reduce the enzyme's hydrolytic activity, which erodes the product yield, an extensive structure-guided mutagenesis study identified three variants that show up to five times higher catalytic efficiency for sialyltransfer, up to ten times lower efficiency for substrate hydrolysis, and drastically reduced product hydrolysis. Variant 2,3SiaTpph (A151D) displayed the best performance overall in the synthesis of the GM3 trisaccharide (α2,3-Neu5Ac-Lac) from lactose in a one-pot, two-enzyme cascade. Our study demonstrates that several complementary solutions can be found to suppress the common problem of undesired hydrolysis activity of microbial GT80 sialyltransferases. The new enzymes are powerful catalysts for the synthesis of a wide variety of complex natural and new-to-nature sialoconjugates for biological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Mertsch
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and BiochemistryTechnische Universität DarmstadtAlarich-Weiss-Strasse 464287DarmstadtGermany
| | - Ning He
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and BiochemistryTechnische Universität DarmstadtAlarich-Weiss-Strasse 464287DarmstadtGermany
| | - Dong Yi
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and BiochemistryTechnische Universität DarmstadtAlarich-Weiss-Strasse 464287DarmstadtGermany
| | - Michael Kickstein
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and BiochemistryTechnische Universität DarmstadtAlarich-Weiss-Strasse 464287DarmstadtGermany
| | - Wolf‐Dieter Fessner
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and BiochemistryTechnische Universität DarmstadtAlarich-Weiss-Strasse 464287DarmstadtGermany
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9
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Zhang J, Liu D, Saikam V, Gadi MR, Gibbons C, Fu X, Song H, Yu J, Kondengaden SM, Wang PG, Wen L. Machine‐Driven Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Glycopeptide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202001124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiabin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry Georgia State University Atlanta GA 30303 USA
| | - Ding Liu
- Department of Chemistry Georgia State University Atlanta GA 30303 USA
| | - Varma Saikam
- Department of Chemistry Georgia State University Atlanta GA 30303 USA
| | | | | | - Xuan Fu
- Department of Chemistry Georgia State University Atlanta GA 30303 USA
| | - Heliang Song
- Department of Chemistry Georgia State University Atlanta GA 30303 USA
| | - Jin Yu
- Imperial College London Du Cane Road London W12 0NN UK
| | | | - Peng G. Wang
- Department of Chemistry Georgia State University Atlanta GA 30303 USA
- School of Medicine Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen China
| | - Liuqing Wen
- Department of Chemistry Georgia State University Atlanta GA 30303 USA
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201203 China
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10
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Zhang Q, Li Z, Song X. Preparation of Complex Glycans From Natural Sources for Functional Study. Front Chem 2020; 8:508. [PMID: 32719769 PMCID: PMC7348041 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
One major barrier in glycoscience is the lack of diverse and biomedically relevant complex glycans in sufficient quantities for functional study. Complex glycans from natural sources serve as an important source of these glycans and an alternative to challenging chemoenzymatic synthesis. This review discusses preparation of complex glycans from several classes of glycoconjugates using both enzymatic and chemical release approaches. Novel technologies have been developed to advance the large-scale preparation of complex glycans from natural sources. We also highlight recent approaches and methods developed in functional and fluorescent tagging and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) isolation of released glycans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory Comprehensive Glycomics Core, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Zhonghua Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory Comprehensive Glycomics Core, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Xuezheng Song
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory Comprehensive Glycomics Core, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
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11
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Zhong C, Duić B, Bolivar JM, Nidetzky B. Three‐Enzyme Phosphorylase Cascade Immobilized on Solid Support for Biocatalytic Synthesis of Cello−oligosaccharides. ChemCatChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201901964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhong
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical EngineeringGraz University of Technology, NAWI Graz Petersgasse 12 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Božidar Duić
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical EngineeringGraz University of Technology, NAWI Graz Petersgasse 12 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Juan M. Bolivar
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical EngineeringGraz University of Technology, NAWI Graz Petersgasse 12 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Bernd Nidetzky
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical EngineeringGraz University of Technology, NAWI Graz Petersgasse 12 8010 Graz Austria
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology Petersgasse 14 8010 Graz Austria
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12
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Toward Automated Enzymatic Glycan Synthesis in a Compartmented Flow Microreactor System. Adv Synth Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201900709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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