1
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Zhao W, Zhu Q, Wu X, Zhao D. The development of catalysts and auxiliaries for the synthesis of covalent organic frameworks. Chem Soc Rev 2024. [PMID: 38895859 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00908d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have recently seen significant advancements. Large quantities of structurally & functionally oriented COFs with a wide range of applications, such as gas adsorption, catalysis, separation, and drug delivery, have been explored. Recent achievements in this field are primarily focused on advancing synthetic methodologies, with catalysts playing a crucial role in achieving highly crystalline COF materials, particularly those featuring novel linkages and chemistry. A series of reviews have already been published over the last decade, covering the fundamentals, synthesis, and applications of COFs. However, despite the pivotal role that catalysts and auxiliaries play in forming COF materials and adjusting their properties (e.g., crystallinity, porosity, stability, and morphology), limited attention has been devoted to these essential components. In this Critical Review, we mainly focus on the state-of-the-art progress of catalysts and auxiliaries applied to the synthesis of COFs. The catalysts include four categories: acid catalysts, base catalysts, transition-metal catalysts, and other catalysts. The auxiliaries, such as modulators, oxygen, and surfactants, are discussed as well. This is then followed by the description of several specific applications derived from the utilization of catalysts and auxiliaries. Lastly, a perspective on the major challenges and opportunities associated with catalysts and auxiliaries is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117585, Singapore.
| | - Qiang Zhu
- Leverhulme Research Centre for Functional Materials Design, Materials Innovation Factory and Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Xiaofeng Wu
- Leverhulme Research Centre for Functional Materials Design, Materials Innovation Factory and Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Dan Zhao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117585, Singapore.
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2
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Berlanga I, Rosenkranz A. Covalent organic frameworks in tribology - A perspective. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 331:103228. [PMID: 38901060 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2024.103228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Two-dimensional covalent organic frameworks (2D COFs) are an emerging class of crystalline porous materials formed through covalent bonds between organic building blocks. COFs uniquely combine a large surface area, an excellent stability, numerous abundant active sites, and tunable functionalities, thus making them highly attractive for numerous applications. Especially, their abundant active sites and weak interlayer interaction make these materials promising candidates for tribological research. Recently, notable attention has been paid to COFs as lubricant additives due to their excellent tribological performance. Our review aims at critically summarizing the state-of-art developments of 2D COFs in tribology. We discuss their structural and functional design principles, as well as synthetic strategies with a special focus on tribology. The generation of COF thin films is also assessed in detail, which can alleviate their most challenging drawbacks for this application. Subsequently, we analyze the existing state-of-the-art regarding the usage of COFs as lubricant additives, self-lubrication composite coatings, and solid lubricants at the nanoscale. Finally, critical challenges and future trends of 2D COFs in tribology are outlined to initiate and boost new research activities in this exciting field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isadora Berlanga
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Materials, FCFM, University of Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile.
| | - Andreas Rosenkranz
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Materials, FCFM, University of Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile; ANID - Millennium Science Initiative Program, Millennium Nuclei of Advanced MXenes for Sustainable Applications (AMXSA), Santiago, Chile.
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3
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Miller K, Gayle JM, Roy S, Abdellah MH, Hardian R, Cseri L, Demingos PG, Nadella HR, Lee F, Tripathi M, Gupta S, Guo G, Bhattacharyya S, Wang X, Dalton AB, Garg A, Singh CV, Vajtai R, Szekely G, Ajayan P. Tunable 2D Conjugated Porous Organic Polymer Films for Precise Molecular Nanofiltration and Optoelectronics. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2401269. [PMID: 38687141 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202401269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Structural design of 2D conjugated porous organic polymer films (2D CPOPs), by tuning linkage chemistries and pore sizes, provides great adaptability for various applications, including membrane separation. Here, four free-standing 2D CPOP films of imine- or hydrazone-linked polymers (ILP/HLP) in combination with benzene (B-ILP/HLP) and triphenylbenzene (TPB-ILP/HLP) aromatic cores are synthesized. The anisotropic disordered films, composed of polymeric layered structures, can be exfoliated into ultrathin 2D-nanosheets with layer-dependent electrical properties. The bulk CPOP films exhibit structure-dependent optical properties, triboelectric nanogenerator output, and robust mechanical properties, rivaling previously reported 2D polymers and porous materials. The exfoliation energies of the 2D CPOPs and their mechanical behavior at the molecular level are investigated using density function theory (DFT) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, respectively. Exploiting the structural tunability, the comparative organic solvent nanofiltration (OSN) performance of six membranes having different pore sizes and linkages to yield valuable trends in molecular weight selectivity is investigated. Interestingly, the OSN performances follow the predicted transport modeling values based on theoretical pore size calculations, signifying the existence of permanent porosity in these materials. The membranes exhibit excellent stability in organic solvents at high pressures devoid of any structural deformations, revealing their potential in practical OSN applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen Miller
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas, 77005, USA
| | - Jessica M Gayle
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas, 77005, USA
| | - Soumyabrata Roy
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas, 77005, USA
| | - Mohamed H Abdellah
- Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center, Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rifan Hardian
- Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center, Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Levente Cseri
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Analytical Science, School of Engineering, The University of Manchester, The Mill, Sackville Street, Manchester, M1 3BB, UK
- Department of Chemistry, Femtonics Ltd., Tuzolto u. 58, Budapest, 1094, Hungary
| | - Pedro G Demingos
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, Ontario, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Hema Rajesh Nadella
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, Ontario, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Frank Lee
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9RH, UK
| | - Manoj Tripathi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9RH, UK
| | - Sashikant Gupta
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
| | - Galio Guo
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas, 77005, USA
| | - Sohini Bhattacharyya
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas, 77005, USA
| | - Xu Wang
- Shared Equipment Authority, Rice University, Houston, Texas, 77005, USA
| | - Alan B Dalton
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9RH, UK
| | - Ashish Garg
- Department of Sustainable Energy Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
| | - Chandra Veer Singh
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, Ontario, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Robert Vajtai
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas, 77005, USA
| | - Gyorgy Szekely
- Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center, Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Chemical Engineering Program, Physical Science and Engineering Division (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Pulickel Ajayan
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas, 77005, USA
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4
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Samajdar S, Golda A S, Lakhera SK, Ghosh S. Recent progress in chromium removal from wastewater using covalent organic frameworks - A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 350:141028. [PMID: 38142883 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.141028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) offer a pivotal solution to urgently address heavy metal removal from wastewater due to their exceptional attributes such as high adsorption capacity, tunable porosity, controllable energy band structures, superior photocatalytic performance, and high stability-reusability. Despite these advantages, COFs encounter certain challenges, including inefficient utilization of visible light, rapid recombination of photogenerated carriers, and limited access to active sites due to close stacking. To enhance the photocatalytic and adsorptive performance of COF-based catalysts, various modification strategies have been reported, with a particular focus on molecular design, structural regulation, and heterostructure engineering. This review comprehensively explores recent advancements in COF-based photocatalytic and adsorptive materials for chromium removal from wastewater, addressing kinetics, mechanisms, and key influencing factors. Additionally, it sheds light on the influence of chemical composition and functional groups of COFs on the efficiency of hexavalent chromium [Cr (VI)] removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumita Samajdar
- CSIR - Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute Raja S. C, Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Shiny Golda A
- Department of Physics and Nanotechnology, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology (SRMIST), Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu 603203, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar Lakhera
- Department of Physics and Nanotechnology, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology (SRMIST), Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu 603203, Tamilnadu, India.
| | - Srabanti Ghosh
- CSIR - Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute Raja S. C, Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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5
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Krusenbaum A, Hinojosa SK, Fabig S, Becker V, Grätz S, Borchardt L. Rationalizing the formation of porosity in mechanochemically-synthesized polymers. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023. [PMID: 37326302 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp02128a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we present a matrix of 144 mechanochemically-synthesized polymers. All polymers were constructed by the solvent-free Friedel-Crafts polymerization approach, employing 16 aryl-containing monomers and 9 halide-containing linkers, which were processed in a high-speed ball mill. This Polymer Matrix was utilized to investigate the origin of porosity in Friedel-Crafts polymerizations in detail. By examining the physical state, molecular size, geometry, flexibility, and electronic structure of the utilized monomers and linkers, we identified the most important factors influencing the formation of porous polymers. We analyzed the significance of these factors for both monomers and linkers based on the yield and specific surface area of the generated polymers. Our in-depth evaluation serves as a benchmark study for future targeted design of porous polymers by the facile and sustainable concept of mechanochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Krusenbaum
- Inorganic Chemistry I, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany.
| | - Steffi Krause Hinojosa
- Inorganic Chemistry I, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany.
| | - Sven Fabig
- Inorganic Chemistry I, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany.
| | - Valentin Becker
- Inorganic Chemistry I, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany.
| | - Sven Grätz
- Inorganic Chemistry I, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany.
| | - Lars Borchardt
- Inorganic Chemistry I, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany.
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6
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Sun YX, Zhao J, Li XZ, Jiang H, Cai YJ, Yang X, Liu Y, Li YB, Yang ZH, Wu YG, Chen LY, Gai JG. Donnan Effect-Engineered Covalent Organic Framework Membranes toward Size- and Charge-Based Precise Molecular Sieving. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:18550-18558. [PMID: 37010144 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c02556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs), with ordered pores and well-defined topology, are ideal materials for nanofiltration (NF) membranes because of their capacity of transcending the permeance/selectivity trade-off predicament. However, most reported COF-based membranes are focused on separating molecules with different sizes, resulting in low selectivity to similar molecules with different charges. Here, the negatively charged COF layer was fabricated in situ on a microporous support for the separation of molecules with different sizes and charges. Ultrahigh water permeance (216.56 L m-2 h-1 bar-1) was obtained because of the ordered pores and excellent hydrophilicity, which exceeds that of most membranes with similar rejections. For the first time, we used multifarious dyes with different sizes and charges, for the investigation of the selectivity behavior caused by the Donnan effect and size exclusion. The obtained membranes represent superior rejections to negatively and neutrally charged dyes larger than 1.3 nm, while positively charged dyes with a size of 1.6 nm can pass through the membrane, resulting in the separation of negative/positive mixed dyes with similar molecular sizes. This strategy of combining the Donnan effect and size exclusion in nanoporous materials may evolve into a generic platform for sophisticated separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Xing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- PetroChina Liaoyang Petrochemical Company, No. 7 Torch Street, Hongwei District, Liaoyang 111000, Liaoning, China
| | - Xin-Zheng Li
- Nuclear Power Institute of China, 328, Section 1, Changshun Avenue, Huayang, Shuangliu District, Chengdu 610200, Sichuan, China
| | - Han Jiang
- Nuclear Power Institute of China, 328, Section 1, Changshun Avenue, Huayang, Shuangliu District, Chengdu 610200, Sichuan, China
| | - Ya-Juan Cai
- Sichuan Guojian Inspection Co., Ltd., No. 17, Section 1, Kangcheng Road, Jiangyang District, Luzhou 646099, Sichuan, China
| | - Xu Yang
- PetroChina Liaoyang Petrochemical Company, No. 7 Torch Street, Hongwei District, Liaoyang 111000, Liaoning, China
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Yi-Bo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Zi-Hao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Ya-Ge Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Li-Ye Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing-Gang Gai
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China
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7
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Huang T, Jiang H, Douglin JC, Chen Y, Yin S, Zhang J, Deng X, Wu H, Yin Y, Dekel DR, Guiver MD, Jiang Z. Single Solution-Phase Synthesis of Charged Covalent Organic Framework Nanosheets with High Volume Yield. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202209306. [PMID: 36395246 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202209306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Covalent organic framework nanosheets (COF-NSs) are emerging building blocks for functional materials, and their scalable fabrication is highly desirable. Current synthetic methods suffer from low volume yields resulting from confined on-surface/at-interface growth space and complex multiple-phase synthesis systems. Herein, we report the synthesis of charged COF-NSs in open space using a single-phase organic solution system, achieving magnitudes higher volume yields of up to 18.7 mg mL-1 . Charge-induced electrostatic repulsion forces enable in-plane anisotropic secondary growth from initial discrete and disordered polymers into large and crystalline COF-NSs. The charged COF-NS colloidal suspensions are cast into thin and compact proton exchange membranes (PEMs) with lamellar morphology and oriented crystallinity, displaying outstanding proton conductivity, negligible dimensional swelling, and good H2 /O2 fuel cell performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Huang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.,State Key Laboratory of Engines, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.,State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Haifei Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.,State Key Laboratory of Engines, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - John C Douglin
- The Wolfson Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Yu Chen
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Shuoyao Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Engines, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Junfeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Engines, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.,National Industry-Education Platform of Energy Storage, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Xiaojuan Deng
- Analysis and Testing Center, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Hong Wu
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yan Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Engines, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.,National Industry-Education Platform of Energy Storage, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Dario R Dekel
- The Wolfson Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel.,The Nancy & Stephen Grand Technion Energy Program (GTEP), Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Michael D Guiver
- State Key Laboratory of Engines, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.,National Industry-Education Platform of Energy Storage, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Zhongyi Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
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8
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Nath S, Puthukkudi A, Mohapatra J, Bommakanti S, Chandrasekhar N, Biswal BP. Carbon-Carbon Linked Organic Frameworks: An Explicit Summary and Analysis. Macromol Rapid Commun 2023; 44:e2200950. [PMID: 36625406 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Organic frameworks with carbon-carbon (CC) linkage are an important class of materials owing to their outstanding chemical stability and extended π-electron delocalization resulting in unique optoelectronic properties. In the first part of this review article, the design principles for the bottom-up synthesis of 2D and 3D sp/sp2 CC linked organic frameworks are summarized. Representative reaction methodologies, such as Knoevenagel condensation, Aldol condensation, Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons reaction, Wittig reaction, and coupling reactions (Ullmann, Suzuki, Heck, Yamamoto, etc.) are included. This is discussed in the context of their reaction mechanism, reaction dynamics, and whether and why resulting in an amorphous or crystalline product. This is followed by a discussion of different state-of-the art bottom-up synthesis methodologies, like solvothermal, interfacial, and solid-state synthesis. In the second part, the structure-property relationships in CC linked organic frameworks with representative examples of organocatalysis, photo(electro)catalysis, energy storage and conversion, magnetism, and molecular storage and separation are analyzed. The importance of linkage type, building blocks, topology, and crystallinity of the framework material in connection with the structure-property relationship is highlighted. Finally, brief concluding remarks are presented based on the key development of bottom-up synthetic methods and provide perspectives for future development in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satyapriya Nath
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER) Bhubaneswar, Jatni, Khurda, Odisha, 752050, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400094, India
| | - Adithyan Puthukkudi
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER) Bhubaneswar, Jatni, Khurda, Odisha, 752050, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400094, India
| | - Jeebanjyoti Mohapatra
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER) Bhubaneswar, Jatni, Khurda, Odisha, 752050, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400094, India
| | - Suresh Bommakanti
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER) Bhubaneswar, Jatni, Khurda, Odisha, 752050, India
| | - Naisa Chandrasekhar
- Centre for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Dresden University of Technology, Momenstrasse 4, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Bishnu P Biswal
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER) Bhubaneswar, Jatni, Khurda, Odisha, 752050, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400094, India
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9
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Tang J, Liang Z, Qin H, Liu X, Zhai B, Su Z, Liu Q, Lei H, Liu K, Zhao C, Cao R, Fang Y. Large-area Free-standing Metalloporphyrin-based Covalent Organic Framework Films by Liquid-air Interfacial Polymerization for Oxygen Electrocatalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202214449. [PMID: 36344440 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202214449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Synthesizing large-area free-standing covalent organic framework (COF) films is of vital importance for their applications but is still a big challenge. Herein, we reported the synthesis of large metalloporphyrin-based COF films and their applications for oxygen electrocatalysis. The reaction of meso-benzohydrazide-substituted metal porphyrins with tris-aldehyde linkers afforded free-standing COF films at the liquid-air interface. These films can be scaled up to 3000 cm2 area and display great mechanical stability and structural integrity. Importantly, the Co-porphyrin-based films are efficient for electrocatalytic O2 reduction and evolution reactions. A flexible, all-solid-state Zn-air battery was assembled using the films and showed high performance with a charge-discharge voltage gap of 0.88 V at 1 mA cm-2 and high stability under bent conditions (0° to 180°). This work thus presents a strategy to synthesize functionalized COF films with high quality for uses in flexible electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Tang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Zuozhong Liang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Haonan Qin
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Xiangquan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Binbin Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Zhen Su
- School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Qianqian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Haitao Lei
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Kaiqiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Chuan Zhao
- School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Rui Cao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Yu Fang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
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10
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Li C, Guggenberger P, Han SW, Ding WL, Kleitz F. Ultrathin Covalent Organic Framework Anchored on Graphene for Enhanced Organic Pollutant Removal. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202206564. [PMID: 35639272 PMCID: PMC9541632 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202206564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are of great potential as adsorbents owing to their tailorable functionalities, low density and high porosity. However, their intrinsically stacked two‐dimensional (2D) structure limits the full use of their complete surface for sorption, especially the internal pores. The construction of ultrathin COFs could increase the exposure of active sites to the targeted molecules in a pollutant environment. Herein, an ultrathin COF with a uniform thickness of ca. 2 nm is prepared employing graphene as the surface template. The resulting hybrid aerogel with an ultralow density (7.1 mg cm−3) exhibits the ability to remove organic dye molecules of different sizes with high efficiency. The three‐dimensional (3D) macroporous structure and well‐exposed adsorption sites permit rapid diffusion of solution and efficient adsorption of organic pollutants, thereby, greatly contributing to its enhanced uptake capacity. This work highlights the effect of COF layer thickness on adsorption performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changxia Li
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry-Functional Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 42, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Patrick Guggenberger
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry-Functional Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 42, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Seung Won Han
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Wei-Lu Ding
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Freddy Kleitz
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry-Functional Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 42, 1090, Vienna, Austria
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11
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Wang Y, Guo B, Yang T, Zhang Z, Liang L, Ding S, Wang W. Modulated Synthesis of Self‐Standing Covalent Organic Framework Films. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200961. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Frontiers Science Center for Rare Isotopes Lanzhou University Lanzhou Gansu 730000 P. R. China
| | - Bei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Frontiers Science Center for Rare Isotopes Lanzhou University Lanzhou Gansu 730000 P. R. China
| | - Tong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Frontiers Science Center for Rare Isotopes Lanzhou University Lanzhou Gansu 730000 P. R. China
| | - Zhi‐Cong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Frontiers Science Center for Rare Isotopes Lanzhou University Lanzhou Gansu 730000 P. R. China
| | - Lin Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Frontiers Science Center for Rare Isotopes Lanzhou University Lanzhou Gansu 730000 P. R. China
| | - San‐Yuan Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Frontiers Science Center for Rare Isotopes Lanzhou University Lanzhou Gansu 730000 P. R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Frontiers Science Center for Rare Isotopes Lanzhou University Lanzhou Gansu 730000 P. R. China
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12
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Li C, Guggenberger P, Han SW, Ding WL, Kleitz F. Ultrathin Covalent Organic Framework Anchored on Graphene For Enhanced Organic Pollutant Removal. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202206564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Changxia Li
- University of Vienna: Universitat Wien Department of Inorganic Chemistry - Functional Materials 1090 Vienna AUSTRIA
| | - Patrick Guggenberger
- University of Vienna: Universitat Wien Department of Inorganic Chemistry - Functional Materials 1090 Vienna AUSTRIA
| | - Seung Won Han
- IBS: Institute for Basic Science Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions Daejeon KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
| | - Wei-Lu Ding
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Process Engineering Beijing CHINA
| | - Freddy Kleitz
- University of Vienna Institute of Inorganic Chemistry – Functional Materials Währinger Straße 42 1090 Vienna AUSTRIA
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13
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Rashid RB, Evans AM, Hall LA, Dasari RR, Roesner EK, Marder SR, D'Allesandro DM, Dichtel WR, Rivnay J. A Semiconducting Two-Dimensional Polymer as an Organic Electrochemical Transistor Active Layer. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2110703. [PMID: 35355340 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202110703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) are devices with broad potential in bioelectronic sensing, circuits, and neuromorphic hardware. Their unique properties arise from the use of organic mixed ionic/electronic conductors (OMIECs) as the active channel. Typical OMIECs are linear polymers, where defined and controlled microstructure/morphology, and reliable characterization of transport and charging can be elusive. Semiconducting two-dimensional polymers (2DPs) present a new avenue in OMIEC materials development, enabling electronic transport along with precise control of well-defined channels ideal for ion transport/intercalation. To this end, a recently reported 2DP, TIIP, is synthesized and patterned at 10 µm resolution as the channel of a transistor. The TIIP films demonstrate textured microstructure and show semiconducting properties with accessible oxidation states. Operating in an aqueous electrolyte, the 2DP-OECT exhibits a device-scale hole mobility of 0.05 cm2 V-1 s-1 and a µC* figure of merit of 1.75 F cm-1 V-1 s-1 . 2DP OMIECs thus offer new synthetic degrees of freedom to control OECT performance and may enable additional opportunities such as ion selectivity or improved stability through reduced morphological modulation during device operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem B Rashid
- Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Austin M Evans
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Lyndon A Hall
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Raghunath R Dasari
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Emily K Roesner
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Seth R Marder
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- University of Colorado Boulder, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Chemistry and Nanoscience Center, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
- University of Colorado Boulder, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
- University of Colorado Boulder, Department of Chemistry, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
| | | | - William R Dichtel
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Jonathan Rivnay
- Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
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14
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Ma B, Shi Q, Ma X, Li Y, Chen H, Wen K, Zhao R, Zhang F, Lin Y, Wang Z, Huang H. Defect-Free Alternating Conjugated Polymers Enabled by Room- Temperature Stille Polymerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202115969. [PMID: 35099844 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202115969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The Stille cross-coupling polymerization is one of the most efficient synthetic methods for donor-acceptor (D-A) type π-conjugated polymers (CPs). Nevertheless, thermal-activation Stille polymerization readily produced homocoupling defects, resulting in batch-to-batch variations in copolymers quality and deteriorating the device performance of electronics and optoelectronics. Here, a room-temperature Stille-type polymerization was developed, the utility and generality of which were demonstrated by synthesis of twelve D-A CPs with high molecular weights. Importantly, the resultant copolymers possessed no homocoupling (hc) structural defects, while hc reactions were observed in the thermal-activation Stille reactions. Thus, the organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) based on the former exhibited twofold higher charge transport mobility (2.10 cm2 V-1 s-1 ), since it possessed stronger crystallinity and lower trap density of states (tDOS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowei Ma
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology & Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering & CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation & CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Qinqin Shi
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology & Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering & CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation & CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoying Ma
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yawen Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Hao Chen
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology & Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering & CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation & CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Kaikai Wen
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology & Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering & CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation & CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Ruihua Zhao
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Fengjiao Zhang
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yuze Lin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Zhixiang Wang
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Hui Huang
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology & Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering & CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation & CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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15
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Ma B, Shi Q, Ma X, Li Y, Chen H, Wen K, Zhao R, Zhang F, Lin Y, Wang Z, Huang H. Defect‐Free Alternating Conjugated Polymers Enabled by Room‐ Temperature Stille Polymerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202115969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bowei Ma
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology & Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering & CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation & CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physics University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Qinqin Shi
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology & Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering & CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation & CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physics University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Xiaoying Ma
- School of Chemical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Yawen Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Hao Chen
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology & Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering & CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation & CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physics University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Kaikai Wen
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology & Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering & CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation & CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physics University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Ruihua Zhao
- School of Chemical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Fengjiao Zhang
- School of Chemical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Yuze Lin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Zhixiang Wang
- School of Chemical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Hui Huang
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology & Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering & CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation & CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physics University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
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16
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Zhu J, Wu S, Hou X, Wu J. 1,6‐Anthrazoline‐Linked π‐Conjugated Macrocycles and Two‐Dimensional Polymer via Friedländer Synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202112409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhu
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 Singapore 117543 Singapore
| | - Shaofei Wu
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 Singapore 117543 Singapore
| | - Xudong Hou
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 Singapore 117543 Singapore
| | - Jishan Wu
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 Singapore 117543 Singapore
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City Fuzhou 350207 China
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17
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Zhu J, Wu S, Hou X, Wu J. 1,6-Anthrazoline-Linked π-Conjugated Macrocycles and Two-Dimensional Polymer via Friedländer Synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:25323-25327. [PMID: 34562050 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202112409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of π-conjugated crystalline two-dimensional (2D) polymers remains largely unexplored due to limited synthetic methodology. Herein, we report the preparation of a 1,6-anthrazoline (AZ)-linked crystalline 2D polymer AZP via acid mediated Friedländer synthesis. The feasibility was examined first by two model reactions, followed by synthesis of three AZ-based macrocycles MCn (n=5-7), in which hexagonal MC6 was isolated as the major product. The favorable macrocycle formation could be largely attributed to the dynamic feature of Friedländer synthesis, which involves both imine condensation and aldol condensation. The structure and crystallinity of AZP were confirmed by experiments and simulation. The skeletons of the macrocycles and polymer consist of all-sp2 hybridized C/N atoms and are thus π-conjugated and electro-active. Our studies provide a rational way to access kinetically stable 2D crystalline polymers by combination of different dynamic covalent chemistries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Shaofei Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Xudong Hou
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Jishan Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore.,Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou, 350207, China
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18
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Ruidas S, Mohanty B, Bhanja P, Erakulan ES, Thapa R, Das P, Chowdhury A, Mandal SK, Jena BK, Bhaumik A. Metal-Free Triazine-Based 2D Covalent Organic Framework for Efficient H 2 Evolution by Electrochemical Water Splitting. CHEMSUSCHEM 2021; 14:5057-5064. [PMID: 34532998 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202101663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) by electrochemical water splitting is one of the most active areas of energy research, yet the benchmark electrocatalysts used for this reaction are based on expensive noble metals. This is a major bottleneck for their large-scale operation. Thus, development of efficient metal-free electrocatalysts is of paramount importance for sustainable and economical production of the renewable fuel hydrogen by water splitting. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) show much promise for this application by virtue of their architectural stability, nanoporosity, abundant active sites located periodically throughout the framework, and high electronic conductivity due to extended π-delocalization. This study concerns a new COF material, C6 -TRZ-TFP, which is synthesized by solvothermal polycondensation of 2-hydroxybenzene-1,3,5-tricarbaldehyde (TFP) and 4,4',4''-(1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triyl)tris[(1,1'-biphenyl)-4-amine]. C6 -TRZ-TFP displayed excellent HER activity in electrochemical water splitting, with a very low overpotential of 200 mV and specific activity of 0.2831 mA cm-2 together with high retention of catalytic activity after a long duration of electrocatalysis in 0.5 m aqueous H2 SO4 . Density functional theory calculations suggest that the electron-deficient carbon sites near the π electron-donating nitrogen atoms are more active towards HER than those near the electron-withdrawing nitrogen and oxygen atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santu Ruidas
- School of Materials Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Bishnupad Mohanty
- Material Chemistry Department, CSIR-Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology, Bhubaneswar, 751013, India
| | - Piyali Bhanja
- Material Chemistry Department, CSIR-Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology, Bhubaneswar, 751013, India
| | - E S Erakulan
- Department of Physics, SRM University, Amaravati, 522 502, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Ranjit Thapa
- Department of Physics, SRM University, Amaravati, 522 502, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Prasenjit Das
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Sector 81, Manuali PO, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, 140306, India
| | - Avik Chowdhury
- School of Materials Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Sanjay K Mandal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Sector 81, Manuali PO, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, 140306, India
| | - Bikash Kumar Jena
- Material Chemistry Department, CSIR-Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology, Bhubaneswar, 751013, India
| | - Asim Bhaumik
- School of Materials Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, India
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19
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Wang Z, Liang S, Kang Y, Zhao W, Xia Y, Yang J, Wang H, Zhang X. Manipulating interfacial polymerization for polymeric nanofilms of composite separation membranes. Prog Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2021.101450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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20
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Liu L, Yin L, Cheng D, Zhao S, Zang H, Zhang N, Zhu G. Surface‐Mediated Construction of an Ultrathin Free‐Standing Covalent Organic Framework Membrane for Efficient Proton Conduction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202104106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Liu
- Faculty of Chemistry Northeast Normal University Changchun 130024 P. R. China
| | - Liying Yin
- Faculty of Chemistry Northeast Normal University Changchun 130024 P. R. China
| | - Dongming Cheng
- Faculty of Chemistry Northeast Normal University Changchun 130024 P. R. China
| | - Shuai Zhao
- Faculty of Chemistry Northeast Normal University Changchun 130024 P. R. China
| | - Hong‐Ying Zang
- Faculty of Chemistry Northeast Normal University Changchun 130024 P. R. China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Faculty of Chemistry Northeast Normal University Changchun 130024 P. R. China
| | - Guangshan Zhu
- Faculty of Chemistry Northeast Normal University Changchun 130024 P. R. China
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21
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Liu L, Yin L, Cheng D, Zhao S, Zang HY, Zhang N, Zhu G. Surface-Mediated Construction of an Ultrathin Free-Standing Covalent Organic Framework Membrane for Efficient Proton Conduction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:14875-14880. [PMID: 33877733 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202104106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
As a new class of crystalline porous organic materials, covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have attracted considerable attention for proton conduction owing to their regular channels and tailored functionality. However, most COFs are insoluble and unprocessable, which makes membrane preparation for practical use a challenge. In this study, we used surface-initiated condensation polymerization of a trialdehyde and a phenylenediamine for the synthesis of sulfonic COF (SCOF) coatings. The COF layer thickness could be finely tuned from 10 to 100 nm by controlling the polymerization time. Moreover, free-standing COF membranes were obtained by sacrificing the bridging layer without any decomposition of the COF structure. Benefiting from the abundant sulfonic acid groups in the COF channels, the proton conductivity of the SCOF membrane reached 0.54 S cm-1 at 80 °C in pure water. To our knowledge, this is one of the highest values for a pristine COF membrane in the absence of additional additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Liu
- Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, P. R. China
| | - Liying Yin
- Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, P. R. China
| | - Dongming Cheng
- Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, P. R. China
| | - Shuai Zhao
- Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Ying Zang
- Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, P. R. China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, P. R. China
| | - Guangshan Zhu
- Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, P. R. China
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22
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Lee J, Lee J, Lee S, Ahmad T, Madhurakkat Perikamana SK, Kim EM, Lee SW, Shin H. Bioactive Membrane Immobilized with Lactoferrin for Modulation of Bone Regeneration and Inflammation. Tissue Eng Part A 2020; 26:1243-1258. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2020.0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jinkyu Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, Institute for Bioengineering and Biopharmaceutical Research, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Plus Future Biopharmaceutical Human Resources Training and Research Team, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinki Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, Institute for Bioengineering and Biopharmaceutical Research, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Plus Future Biopharmaceutical Human Resources Training and Research Team, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangmin Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, Institute for Bioengineering and Biopharmaceutical Research, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Plus Future Biopharmaceutical Human Resources Training and Research Team, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Taufiq Ahmad
- Department of Bioengineering, Institute for Bioengineering and Biopharmaceutical Research, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Plus Future Biopharmaceutical Human Resources Training and Research Team, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sajeesh Kumar Madhurakkat Perikamana
- Department of Bioengineering, Institute for Bioengineering and Biopharmaceutical Research, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Plus Future Biopharmaceutical Human Resources Training and Research Team, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Mi Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, Institute for Bioengineering and Biopharmaceutical Research, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Plus Future Biopharmaceutical Human Resources Training and Research Team, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Won Lee
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Heungsoo Shin
- Department of Bioengineering, Institute for Bioengineering and Biopharmaceutical Research, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Plus Future Biopharmaceutical Human Resources Training and Research Team, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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23
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Zhu YL, Zhao HY, Fu CL, Li ZW, Sun ZY. A controlling parameter of topological defects in two-dimensional covalent organic frameworks. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:22107-22115. [PMID: 33118587 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr05303a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Synthesis of covalent organic frameworks with long-range molecular ordering is an outstanding challenge due to the fact that defects against predesigned topological symmetries are prone to form and break crystallization. The physical origins and controlling parameters of topological defects remain scarcely understood. By virtue of molecular dynamics simulations, we found that pentagons for combination [C4 + C4] and [C4 + C2] and heptagons for [C3 + C3] and [C3 + C2] were initial defects for growth dynamics with both uncontrolled and suppressed nucleation, further inducing more complex defects. The defects can be significantly reduced by achieving the growth with monomers added to a single nucleus, agreeing well with previous simulations and experiments. To understand the nature of defects, we proposed a parameter φ to describe the range of biased rotational angle between two monomers, within which chemical reactions are allowed. The parameter φ shows a monotonic relationship with defect population, which is demonstrated to be highly computable by using density functional theory calculations. When φ < 20, we can even observe defect-free growth for the four combinations, irrespective of growth dynamics. The results are essential for screening and designing condensation reactions for the synthesis of single crystals of high quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Liang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China.
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24
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Zhu YL, Zhao HY, Fu CL, Li ZW, Sun ZY, Lu Z. Mechanisms of Defect Correction by Reversible Chemistries in Covalent Organic Frameworks. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:9952-9956. [PMID: 33170715 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c02960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Reversible chemistries have been extensively explored to construct highly crystalline covalent organic frameworks (COFs) via defect correction. However, the mechanisms of defect correction that can explain the formation of products as single crystals, polycrystal/crystallites, or amorphous solids remain unknown. Herein, we employed molecular dynamics simulations combined with a polymerization model to investigate the growth kinetics of two-dimensional COFs. By virtue of the Arrhenius two-state model describing reversible reactions, we figured out the conditions in terms of active energy and binding energy for different products. Specifically, the ultraslow growth of COFs under high reversibility of reactions corresponding to low binding energies resulted in a single crystal by inhibiting the emergence of nuclei as well as correcting defects through continually dropping small defective fragments off at crystal boundaries. High bonding energies responsible for the high nucleation rate and rapid growth that incorporated defects in crystals and caused the division of crystals through defect correcting processes led to small crystallites or polycrystals. The insights into the mechanisms help us to understand and further control the growth kinetics by exploiting reversible conditions to synthesize COFs of higher quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Liang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Huan-Yu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, China
| | - Cui-Liu Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Zhan-Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Zhao-Yan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Zhongyuan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, China
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25
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Li C, Wang Y, Zou Y, Zhang X, Dong H, Hu W. Two‐Dimensional Conjugated Polymer Synthesized by Interfacial Suzuki Reaction: Towards Electronic Device Applications. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:9403-9407. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202002644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chenguang Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic SciencesDepartment of Chemistry, School of SciencesTianjin University&Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Yongshuai Wang
- National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesKey Laboratory of Organic SolidsInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Ye Zou
- National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesKey Laboratory of Organic SolidsInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Xiaotao Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic SciencesDepartment of Chemistry, School of SciencesTianjin University&Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Huanli Dong
- National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesKey Laboratory of Organic SolidsInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Wenping Hu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic SciencesDepartment of Chemistry, School of SciencesTianjin University&Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) Tianjin 300072 China
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26
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Li C, Wang Y, Zou Y, Zhang X, Dong H, Hu W. Two‐Dimensional Conjugated Polymer Synthesized by Interfacial Suzuki Reaction: Towards Electronic Device Applications. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202002644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chenguang Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic SciencesDepartment of Chemistry, School of SciencesTianjin University&Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Yongshuai Wang
- National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesKey Laboratory of Organic SolidsInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Ye Zou
- National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesKey Laboratory of Organic SolidsInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Xiaotao Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic SciencesDepartment of Chemistry, School of SciencesTianjin University&Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Huanli Dong
- National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesKey Laboratory of Organic SolidsInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Wenping Hu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic SciencesDepartment of Chemistry, School of SciencesTianjin University&Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) Tianjin 300072 China
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27
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Wang D, Li M. In Situ Immobilization of Palladium Nanodots in C−C Bonded 2D Conjugated Polymers through Suzuki Polymerization at the Liquid–Liquid Interface. Chemistry 2020; 26:6490-6494. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201905544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dongyang Wang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical, MaterialsMinistry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis, and Application of Organic Functional MoleculesHubei Key Laboratory of Polymer MaterialsCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHubei University Wuhan 430062 P. R. China
| | - Ming Li
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical, MaterialsMinistry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis, and Application of Organic Functional MoleculesHubei Key Laboratory of Polymer MaterialsCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHubei University Wuhan 430062 P. R. China
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28
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Cheng M, Li M. A C-N Coupling Polymerization on Ice-Surface towards Decimeter-Sized 2D Covalent Materials with High Catalytic Activity for Water-Splitting. Chemistry 2019; 25:13860-13864. [PMID: 31420896 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201902587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Compared to other solid templates (metal, ceramic, carbon, etc.), polymerization on ice-surface has many advantages. However, the popularity of this method has been impeded by the lack of appropriate polymerization reactions. To date, only few oxidation polymerizations have been reported to occur on ice-surface, and unfortunately they can only produce supramolecular films rather than fully covalent films. Herein for the first time, 2D covalent materials have been created on ice-surface even at -16 °C through a C-N coupling polymerization, and two free-standing 2D polyarylamines (2DPA)s were synthesized. Both 2DPAs have decimeter-size and nanometer thickness. This study provides the first polymerization reaction to synthesize 2D covalent materials on ice-surface, which can be used to fabricate materials/tools/robots with specific 2D structure by copying ice morphologies. Furthermore, both 2DPAs exhibit higher hydrogen evolution reaction activity than many metal-free catalysts and even some metal-based catalysts, so this study also provides further insight for the development of metal-free catalysts for water-splitting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Cheng
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic, Chemical Materials, Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for, the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, College of, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, P. R. China
| | - Ming Li
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic, Chemical Materials, Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for, the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, College of, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, P. R. China
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