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Sahin Solmaz N, Farsi R, Boero G. 200 GHz single chip microsystems for dynamic nuclear polarization enhanced NMR spectroscopy. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5485. [PMID: 38942752 PMCID: PMC11213862 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49767-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) is one of the most powerful and versatile hyperpolarization methods to enhance nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) signals. A major drawback of DNP is the cost and complexity of the required microwave hardware, especially at high magnetic fields and low temperatures. To overcome this drawback and with the focus on the study of nanoliter and subnanoliter samples, this work demonstrates 200 GHz single chip DNP microsystems where the microwave excitation/detection are performed locally on chip without the need of external microwave generators and transmission lines. The single chip integrated microsystems consist of a single or an array of microwave oscillators operating at about 200 GHz for ESR excitation/detection and an RF receiver operating at about 300 MHz for NMR detection. This work demonstrates the possibility of using the single chip approach for the realization of probes for DNP studies at high frequency, high field, and low temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nergiz Sahin Solmaz
- Institute of Electrical and Micro Engineering (IEM) and Center for Quantum Science and Engineering (QSE) École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Reza Farsi
- Institute of Electrical and Micro Engineering (IEM) and Center for Quantum Science and Engineering (QSE) École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Giovanni Boero
- Institute of Electrical and Micro Engineering (IEM) and Center for Quantum Science and Engineering (QSE) École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Zhang Z, Jiang Y, Pi H, Chen H, Liu C, Feng J, Liu M. THz-enhanced dynamic nuclear polarized liquid spectrometer. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2021; 330:107044. [PMID: 34352701 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2021.107044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) technology can be utilized to dramatically enhance NMR signal. In this paper, we report on the development of a self-constructed 5 T DNP spectrometer for liquid samples and the 13C DNP enhancement achieved with this spectrometer. The DNP spectrometer is comprised of a wide-bore superconducting magnet, a home-made console, a dual resonance probe and a self-built 140 GHz microwave source for the spectrometer. Specifically, a microwave source of traveling wave tube (TWT) amplifier has been developed, which can provide a maximum power output of 4.4 W and a wide frequency tuning range of 1 GHz. The excellent performance of our built liquid-state DNP spectrometer is verified by the observation of more than 100-fold DNP enhancement of the 13C NMR signal for liquid 13CCl4 sample. Our result shows the superiority of DNP technology in the liquid-state high-field NMR spectrometer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhekai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Center for Magnetic Resonance, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yi Jiang
- Institute of Applied Electronics of CAEP, Mianyang 621900, China
| | - Haiya Pi
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Center for Magnetic Resonance, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hongbin Chen
- Institute of Applied Electronics of CAEP, Mianyang 621900, China.
| | - Chaoyang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Center for Magnetic Resonance, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Jiwen Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Center for Magnetic Resonance, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China.
| | - Maili Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Center for Magnetic Resonance, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
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Sahin Solmaz N, Grisi M, Matheoud AV, Gualco G, Boero G. Single-Chip Dynamic Nuclear Polarization Microsystem. Anal Chem 2020; 92:9782-9789. [PMID: 32530638 PMCID: PMC9559634 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c01221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
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Integration
of the sensitivity-relevant electronics of nuclear
magnetic resonance (NMR) and electron spin resonance (ESR) spectrometers
on a single chip is a promising approach to improve the limit of detection,
especially for samples in the nanoliter and subnanoliter range. Here,
we demonstrate the cointegration on a single silicon chip of the front-end
electronics of NMR and ESR detectors. The excitation/detection planar
spiral microcoils of the NMR and ESR detectors are concentric and
interrogate the same sample volume. This combination of sensors allows
one to perform dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) experiments using
a single-chip-integrated microsystem having an area of about 2 mm2. In particular, we report 1H DNP-enhanced NMR
experiments on liquid samples having a volume of about 1 nL performed
at 10.7 GHz(ESR)/16 MHz(NMR). NMR enhancements as large as 50 are
achieved on TEMPOL/H2O solutions at room temperature. The
use of state-of-the-art submicrometer integrated circuit technologies
should allow the future extension of the single-chip DNP microsystem
approach proposed here up the THz(ESR)/GHz(NMR) region, corresponding
to the strongest static magnetic fields currently available. Particularly
interesting is the possibility to create arrays of such sensors for
parallel DNP-enhanced NMR spectroscopy of nanoliter and subnanoliter
samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nergiz Sahin Solmaz
- School of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marco Grisi
- School of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alessandro V. Matheoud
- School of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Gabriele Gualco
- School of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Giovanni Boero
- School of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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Keller TJ, Laut AJ, Sirigiri J, Maly T. High-resolution Overhauser dynamic nuclear polarization enhanced proton NMR spectroscopy at low magnetic fields. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2020; 313:106719. [PMID: 32217425 PMCID: PMC7172445 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2020.106719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) has gained large interest due to its ability to increase signal intensities in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments by several orders of magnitude. Currently, DNP is typically used to enhance high-field, solid-state NMR experiments. However, the method is also capable of dramatically increasing the observed signal intensities in solution-state NMR spectroscopy. In this work, we demonstrate the application of Overhauser dynamic nuclear polarization (ODNP) spectroscopy at an NMR frequency of 14.5 MHz (0.35 T) to observe DNP-enhanced high-resolution NMR spectra of small molecules in solutions. Using a compact hybrid magnet with integrated shim coils to improve the magnetic field homogeneity we are able to routinely obtain proton linewidths of less than 4 Hz and enhancement factors >30. The excellent field resolution allows us to perform chemical-shift resolved ODNP experiments on ethyl crotonate to observe proton J-coupling. Furthermore, recording high-resolution ODNP-enhanced NMR spectra of ethylene glycol allows us to characterize the microwave induced sample heating in-situ, by measuring the separation of the OH and CH2 proton peaks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Thorsten Maly
- Bridge12 Technologies, 37 Loring Drive, Framingham, MA 01702, USA
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