1
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Mandal A, Mandal I, Kilbinger AFM. Catalytic Living Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization Using Vinyl Ethers as Effective Chain-Transfer Agents. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202211842. [PMID: 36445835 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202211842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A catalytic living ring-opening metathesis copolymerization (ROMP) method is described that relies on a degenerative, reversible and regioselective exchange of propagating Fischer-carbenes. All characteristics of a living polymerization such as narrow dispersity, excellent molar mass control and the ability to form block copolymers are achieved by this method. The method allows the use of up to 200 times less ruthenium complex than traditional living ROMP. We demonstrate the synthesis of ROMP-ROMP diblock copolymers, ATRP from a ROMP macro-initiator and living ROMP from a PEG-based macro chain transfer agent. The cost-effective, sustainable and environmentally friendly synthesis of degradable polymers and block copolymers enabled by this strategy will find various applications in biomedicine, materials science, and technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Mandal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 9, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Indradip Mandal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 9, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Andreas F M Kilbinger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 9, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
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2
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Porwal MK, Reddi Y, Saxon DJ, Cramer CJ, Ellison CJ, Reineke TM. Stereoregular Functionalized Polysaccharides via Cationic Ring-Opening Polymerization of Biomass-derived Levoglucosan. Chem Sci 2022; 13:4512-4522. [PMID: 35656133 PMCID: PMC9019921 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc00146b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the facile synthesis and characterization of 1,6-α linked functional stereoregular polysaccharides from biomass-derived levoglucosan via cationic ring-opening polymerization (cROP). Levoglucosan is a bicyclic acetal with rich hydroxyl functionality, which can be synthetically modified to install a variety of pendant groups for tailored properties. We have employed biocompatible and recyclable metal triflate catalysts – scandium and bismuth triflate – for green cROP of levoglucosan derivatives, even at very low catalyst loadings of 0.5 mol%. Combined experimental and computational studies provided key kinetic, thermodynamic, and mechanistic insights into the cROP of these derivatives with metal triflates. Computational studies reveal that ring-opening of levoglucosan derivatives is preferred at the 1,6 anhydro linkage and cROP proceeds in a regio- and stereo-specific manner to form 1,6-α glycosidic linkages. DFT calculations also show that biocompatible metal triflates efficiently coordinate with levoglucosan derivatives as compared to the highly toxic PF5 used previously. Post-polymerization modification of levoglucosan-based polysaccharides is readily performed via UV-initiated thiol–ene click reactions. The reported levoglucosan based polymers exhibit good thermal stability (Td > 250 °C) and a wide glass transition temperature (Tg) window (<−150 °C to 32 °C) that is accessible with thioglycerol and lauryl mercaptan pendant groups. This work demonstrates the utility of levoglucosan as a renewably-derived scaffold, enabling facile access to tailored polysaccharides that could be important in many applications ranging from sustainable materials to biologically active polymers. We demonstrate the facile synthesis and characterization of stereoregular polysaccharides from the biomass-derived platform molecule levoglucosan via metal-triflate mediated cationic-ring opening polymerization.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayuri K Porwal
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota 55455 USA
| | - Yernaidu Reddi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota 55455 USA
| | - Derek J Saxon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota 55455 USA
| | - Christopher J Cramer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota 55455 USA
- Underwriters Laboratories Inc. 333 Pfingsten Rd. Northbrook Illinois 60620 USA
| | - Christopher J Ellison
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota 55455 USA
| | - Theresa M Reineke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota 55455 USA
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3
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Banwell MG, Pollard B, Liu X, Connal LA. Exploiting Nature's Most Abundant Polymers: Developing New Pathways for the Conversion of Cellulose, Hemicellulose, Lignin and Chitin into Platform Molecules (and Beyond). Chem Asian J 2021; 16:604-620. [PMID: 33463003 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202001451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The four most prominent forms of biomass are cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and chitin. In efforts to develop sustainable sources of platform molecules there has been an increasing focus on examining how these biopolymers could be exploited as feedstocks that support the chemical supply chain, including in the production of fine chemicals. Many different approaches are possible and some of the ones being developed in the authors' laboratories are emphasised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin G Banwell
- Institute for Advanced and Applied Chemical Synthesis, Jinan University, Guangzhou/Zhuhai, 510632/519070, P. R. China.,Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Brett Pollard
- Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Xin Liu
- Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Luke A Connal
- Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
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4
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Rizzo A, Peterson GI, Bhaumik A, Kang C, Choi T. Sugar‐Based Polymers from
d
‐Xylose: Living Cascade Polymerization, Tunable Degradation, and Small Molecule Release. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202012544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Rizzo
- Department of Chemistry Seoul National University Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Gregory I. Peterson
- Department of Chemistry Seoul National University Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Atanu Bhaumik
- Department of Chemistry Seoul National University Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Kang
- Department of Chemistry Seoul National University Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Tae‐Lim Choi
- Department of Chemistry Seoul National University Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
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5
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Rizzo A, Peterson GI, Bhaumik A, Kang C, Choi TL. Sugar-Based Polymers from d-Xylose: Living Cascade Polymerization, Tunable Degradation, and Small Molecule Release. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 60:849-855. [PMID: 33067845 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202012544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Enyne monomers derived from D-xylose underwent living cascade polymerizations to prepare new polymers with a ring-opened sugar and degradable linkage incorporated into every repeat unit of the backbone. Polymerizations were well-controlled and had living character, which enabled the preparation of high molecular weight polymers with narrow molecular weight dispersity values and a block copolymer. By tuning the type of acid-sensitive linkage (hemi-aminal ether, acetal, or ether functional groups), we could change the degradation profile of the polymer and the identity of the resulting degradation products. For instance, the large difference in degradation rates between hemi-aminal ether and ether-based polymers enabled the sequential degradation of a block copolymer. Furthermore, we exploited the generation of furan-based degradation products, from an acetal-based polymer, to achieve the release of covalently bound reporter molecules upon degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Rizzo
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Gregory I Peterson
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Atanu Bhaumik
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Lim Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
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6
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Fadlallah S, Peru AA, Flourat AL, Allais F. A straightforward access to functionalizable polymers through ring-opening metathesis polymerization of levoglucosenone-derived monomers. Eur Polym J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.109980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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7
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Banwell MG, Liu X, Connal LA, Gardiner MG. Synthesis of Functionally and Stereochemically Diverse Polymers via Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization of Derivatives of the Biomass-Derived Platform Molecule Levoglucosenone Produced at Industrial Scale. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin G. Banwell
- Institute for Advanced and Applied Chemical Synthesis, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Research School of Chemistry, Institute of Advanced Studies, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Xin Liu
- Research School of Chemistry, Institute of Advanced Studies, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Luke A. Connal
- Research School of Chemistry, Institute of Advanced Studies, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Michael G. Gardiner
- Research School of Chemistry, Institute of Advanced Studies, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
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Piccini M, Leak DJ, Chuck CJ, Buchard A. Polymers from sugars and unsaturated fatty acids: ADMET polymerisation of monomers derived from d-xylose, d-mannose and castor oil. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py01809c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
High molecular weight renewable polyesters are synthesised from an unsaturated fatty acid and structurally unmodified, hemicellulosic sugars, with post-polymerisation modification inducing semicrystallinity and allowing casting of transparent films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Piccini
- Centre for Sustainable and Circular Technologies
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Bath
- Bath BA2 7AY
- UK
| | - David J. Leak
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry
- University of Bath
- Bath BA2 7AY
- UK
| | | | - Antoine Buchard
- Centre for Sustainable and Circular Technologies
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Bath
- Bath BA2 7AY
- UK
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9
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Fadlallah S, Peru AAM, Longé L, Allais F. Chemo-enzymatic synthesis of a levoglucosenone-derived bi-functional monomer and its ring-opening metathesis polymerization in the green solvent Cyrene™. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py01471k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The levoglucosenone-based norbornenes family was extended to include a new bi-functional methacrylate monomer that, upon ROMP in Cyrene™, leads to polymers with pendent methacrylate moieties which can be modified by post-polymerization reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami Fadlallah
- URD Agro-Biotechnologies Industrielles (ABI)
- CEBB
- AgroParisTech
- Pomacle
- France
| | | | - Lionel Longé
- URD Agro-Biotechnologies Industrielles (ABI)
- CEBB
- AgroParisTech
- Pomacle
- France
| | - Florent Allais
- URD Agro-Biotechnologies Industrielles (ABI)
- CEBB
- AgroParisTech
- Pomacle
- France
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10
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Fadlallah S, Mouterde LMM, Garnier G, Saito K, Allais F. Cellulose-Derived Levoglucosenone, a Great Versatile Chemical Platform for the Production of Renewable Monomers and Polymers. ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/bk-2020-1373.ch005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sami Fadlallah
- URD Agro-Biotechnologies Industrielles (ABI), CEBB, AgroParisTech, 51100 Pomacle, France
| | - Louis M. M. Mouterde
- URD Agro-Biotechnologies Industrielles (ABI), CEBB, AgroParisTech, 51100 Pomacle, France
| | - Gil Garnier
- URD Agro-Biotechnologies Industrielles (ABI), CEBB, AgroParisTech, 51100 Pomacle, France
- BioPRIA, Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton 3800, VIC, Australia
| | - Kei Saito
- School of Chemistry, BioPRIA, Monash University, Clayton 3800, VIC, Australia
| | - Florent Allais
- URD Agro-Biotechnologies Industrielles (ABI), CEBB, AgroParisTech, 51100 Pomacle, France
- BioPRIA, Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton 3800, VIC, Australia
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11
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Debsharma T, Yagci Y, Schlaad H. Cellulose-Derived Functional Polyacetal by Cationic Ring-Opening Polymerization of Levoglucosenyl Methyl Ether. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:18492-18495. [PMID: 31509324 PMCID: PMC6916336 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201908458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The unsaturated bicyclic acetal levoglucosenyl methyl ether was readily obtained from sustainable feedstock (cellulose) and polymerized by cationic ring-opening polymerization to produce a semicrystalline thermoplastic unsaturated polyacetal with relatively high apparent molar mass (up to ca. 36 kg mol-1 ) and decent dispersity (ca. 1.4). The double bonds along the chain can undergo hydrogenation and thiol-ene reactions as well as crosslinking, thus making this polyacetal potentially interesting as a reactive functional material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapas Debsharma
- Institute of ChemistryUniversity of PotsdamKarl-Liebknecht-Straße 24–2514476PotsdamGermany
| | - Yusuf Yagci
- Department of ChemistryIstanbul Technical UniversityMaslak34469IstanbulTurkey
| | - Helmut Schlaad
- Institute of ChemistryUniversity of PotsdamKarl-Liebknecht-Straße 24–2514476PotsdamGermany
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12
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Fu L, Sui X, Crolais AE, Gutekunst WR. Modular Approach to Degradable Acetal Polymers Using Cascade Enyne Metathesis Polymerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:15726-15730. [PMID: 31487416 PMCID: PMC7265103 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201909172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A modular synthetic approach to degradable metathesis polymers is presented using acetal-containing enyne monomers. The monomers are prepared in a short and divergent synthetic sequence that features two points of modification to tune polymerization behavior and introduce molecular cargo. Steric and stereochemical elements are critical in the monomer design in order to provide rapid and living polymerizations capable of generating block polymers. The developed polyacetal materials readily undergo pH-dependent degradation in aqueous mixtures, and the rate of hydrolysis can be tuned through post-polymerization modification with triazolinedione click chemistry. This presents a new scaffold for responsive metathesis polymers that may find use in applications that requires controllable breakdown and release of small molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangbing Fu
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology
| | - Xuelin Sui
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology
| | - Alex E. Crolais
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology
| | - Will R. Gutekunst
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology
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13
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Debsharma T, Yagci Y, Schlaad H. Cellulose‐Derived Functional Polyacetal by Cationic Ring‐Opening Polymerization of Levoglucosenyl Methyl Ether. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201908458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tapas Debsharma
- Institute of ChemistryUniversity of Potsdam Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24–25 14476 Potsdam Germany
| | - Yusuf Yagci
- Department of ChemistryIstanbul Technical University Maslak 34469 Istanbul Turkey
| | - Helmut Schlaad
- Institute of ChemistryUniversity of Potsdam Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24–25 14476 Potsdam Germany
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14
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Fu L, Sui X, Crolais AE, Gutekunst WR. Modular Approach to Degradable Acetal Polymers Using Cascade Enyne Metathesis Polymerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201909172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liangbing Fu
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry Georgia Institute of Technology 901 Atlantic Drive NW Atlanta GA 30332 USA
| | - Xuelin Sui
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry Georgia Institute of Technology 901 Atlantic Drive NW Atlanta GA 30332 USA
| | - Alex E. Crolais
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry Georgia Institute of Technology 901 Atlantic Drive NW Atlanta GA 30332 USA
| | - Will R. Gutekunst
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry Georgia Institute of Technology 901 Atlantic Drive NW Atlanta GA 30332 USA
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