1
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Wu C, Zhang H, Kong N, Wu B, Lin X, Wang H. Dynamic Control of Cyclic Peptide Assembly to Form Higher-Order Assemblies. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202303455. [PMID: 37409642 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202303455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Chirality correction, asymmetry, ring-chain tautomerism and hierarchical assemblies are fundamental phenomena in nature. They are geometrically related and may impact the biological roles of a protein or other supermolecules. It is challenging to study those behaviors within an artificial system due to the complexity of displaying these features. Herein, we design an alternating D,L peptide to recreate and validate the naturally occurring chirality inversion prior to cyclization in water. The resulting asymmetrical cyclic peptide containing a 4-imidazolidinone ring provides an excellent platform to study the ring-chain tautomerism, thermostability and dynamic assembly of the nanostructures. Different from traditional cyclic D,L peptides, the formation of 4-imidazolidinone promotes the formation of intertwined nanostructures. Analysis of the nanostructures confirmed the left-handedness, representing chirality induced self-assembly. This proves that a rationally designed peptide can mimic multiple natural phenomena and could promote the development of functional biomaterials, catalysts, antibiotics, and supermolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongyang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Westlake University, Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, No. 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou, 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Hongyue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Westlake University, Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, No. 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou, 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Nan Kong
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Westlake University, Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, No. 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou, 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Bihan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Westlake University, Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, No. 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou, 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xinhui Lin
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Westlake University, Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, No. 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou, 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Huaimin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Westlake University, Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, No. 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou, 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310024, Zhejiang, China
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2
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Song Y, Zhang Z, Cao Y, Yu Z. Stimulus-Responsive Amino Acids Behind In Situ Assembled Bioactive Peptide Materials. Chembiochem 2023; 24:e202200497. [PMID: 36278304 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202200497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In situ self-assembly of peptides into well-defined nanostructures represents one of versatile strategies for creation of bioactive materials within living cells with great potential in disease diagnosis and treatment. The intimate relationship between amino acid sequences and the assembling propensity of peptides has been thoroughly elucidated over the past few decades. This has inspired development of various controllable self-assembling peptide systems based on stimuli-responsive naturally occurring or non-canonical amino acids, including redox-, pH-, photo-, enzyme-responsive amino acids. This review attempts to summarize the recent progress achieved in manipulating in situ self-assembly of peptides by controllable reactions occurring to amino acids. We will highlight the systems containing non-canonical amino acids developed in our laboratory during the past few years, primarily including acid/enzyme-responsive 4-aminoproline, redox-responsive (seleno)methionine, and enzyme-responsive 2-nitroimidazolyl alanine. Utilization of the stimuli-responsive assembling systems in creation of bioactive materials will be specifically introduced to emphasize their advantages for addressing the concerns lying in disease theranostics. Eventually, we will provide the perspectives for the further development of stimulus-responsive amino acids and thereby demonstrating their great potential in development of next-generation biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqiu Song
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Zeyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Yawei Cao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Zhilin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China.,Haihe Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, 21 West 15th Avenue, Tianjin, 300308, P. R. China
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3
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Song J, Liu C, Li B, Liu L, Zeng L, Ye Z, Wu W, Zhu L, Hu B. Synthetic peptides for the precise transportation of proteins of interests to selectable subcellular areas. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1062769. [PMID: 36890909 PMCID: PMC9986269 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1062769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteins, as gifts from nature, provide structure, sequence, and function templates for designing biomaterials. As first reported here, one group of proteins called reflectins and derived peptides were found to present distinct intracellular distribution preferences. Taking their conserved motifs and flexible linkers as Lego bricks, a series of reflectin-derivates were designed and expressed in cells. The selective intracellular localization property leaned on an RMs (canonical conserved reflectin motifs)-replication-determined manner, suggesting that these linkers and motifs were constructional fragments and ready-to-use building blocks for synthetic design and construction. A precise spatiotemporal application demo was constructed in the work by integrating RLNto2 (as one representative of a synthetic peptide derived from RfA1) into the Tet-on system to effectively transport cargo peptides into nuclei at selective time points. Further, the intracellular localization of RfA1 derivatives was spatiotemporally controllable with a CRY2/CIB1 system. At last, the functional homogeneities of either motifs or linkers were verified, which made them standardized building blocks for synthetic biology. In summary, the work provides a modularized, orthotropic, and well-characterized synthetic-peptide warehouse for precisely regulating the nucleocytoplasmic localization of proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyi Song
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, College of Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chuanyang Liu
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, College of Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Baoshan Li
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, College of Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Liangcheng Liu
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, College of Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ling Zeng
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, College of Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zonghuang Ye
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, College of Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wenjian Wu
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, College of Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lingyun Zhu
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, College of Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Biru Hu
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, College of Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
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4
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Zhang L, Li M, Wang M, Li L, Guo M, Ke Y, Zhou P, Wang W. Tailored Cross-β Assemblies Establish Peptide "Dominos" Structures for Anchoring Undruggable Pharmacophores. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202212527. [PMID: 36102014 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202212527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
β-sheets have the ability to hierarchically stack into assemblies, and much effort has been spent on designing different peptides to regulate their assembly behaviors. Although the progress is remarkable, it remains challenging to manipulate them in a controllable way for achieving both tailored structures and specific functions. In this study, we obtained bola-like peptides using de novo design and combinatorial chemical screening. By regulating the solvent-accessible surface area of the peptide chain, a series of assemblies with different tilt angles and active sites of the β-sheet were obtained, resembling collapsed dominos. The structure-activity relationship of the optimized peptide NQ40 system was established and its ability to target the PD-L1 was demonstrated. This study successfully established the structure-function relationship of β-sheets assemblies and has positive implications on the rational design of peptide assemblies that possess recognition abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electro-photonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Engineering Medicine, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Mengzhen Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electro-photonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Engineering Medicine, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Minxuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electro-photonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Engineering Medicine, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Lingyun Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electro-photonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Engineering Medicine, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Mingmei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electro-photonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Engineering Medicine, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Yubin Ke
- Spallation Neutron Source Science Center, Dongguan, 523803, P. R. China
| | - Peng Zhou
- College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), 66 Changjiang West Road, Qingdao, 266580, P. R. China
| | - Weizhi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electro-photonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Engineering Medicine, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
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5
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Wang C, Zheng Y, Zheng Y, Wu C, Wang X, Huang M, Wu X, Zhong W, Xu K. Enzymatic Synthesis of Peptide Nanofibers for Self-Delivery of Indomethacin and Tyroservatide in Cancer Therapy. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:3010-3021. [PMID: 35679601 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c00574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have drawn considerable attention in the field of cancer treatment, yet these drugs display limited potency and selectivity against cancer cells. To address these problems, we designed a peptide-based self-delivery system [Indomethacin-Phe-Phe-Tyr (H2PO3)-Ser-Val, IDM-FFpYSV] that combines an NSAID molecule (indomethacin, or IDM) and a segment of anticancer tripeptide (tyroservatide, or YSV). IDM-FFpYSV is capable of self-assembling in an aqueous solution to afford nanofibrillar hydrogels under the catalysis of alkaline phosphatases (ALPs), which are overexpressed on the plasma membrane of cancer cells. The IDM-FFpYSV + ALP hydrogel displays a continuous release profile of peptide drugs, whereas a solution mixture of pure drugs (IDM-OH + pYSV + ALP) shows burst release of drug moieties. The treatment of IDM-FFpYSV selectively inhibits the proliferation of HeLa cells in vitro, with precise regulations of intracellular targeting proteins (COX-2 and AC-H3). The enhanced potency and selectivity of IDM-FFpYSV are found to be attributed to enhanced cellular uptake of peptide drugs, which involves a caveolae-mediated endocytosis pathway. Furthermore, intravenous administration of the IDM-FFpYSV formulation significantly inhibits the tumor growth in a HeLa-xenografted mouse model, whereas treatment of solution mixtures of pure drugs (IDM-OH + pYSV) fails to do so. Taken together, the study provides a viable strategy to augment anticancer efficacies of self-delivery system through molecular integration of multiple anticancer elements with an enzyme-instructed self-assembly process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yaoyao Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yaxin Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Can Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Xiujie Wang
- Department of Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Menghua Huang
- Department of Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiaoxing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Wenying Zhong
- Department of Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.,Key Laboratory of Biomedical Functional Materials, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.,Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Keming Xu
- Department of Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.,Key Laboratory of Biomedical Functional Materials, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
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6
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Ji S, Li J, Duan X, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Song M, Li S, Chen H, Ding D. Targeted Enrichment of Enzyme‐Instructed Assemblies in Cancer Cell Lysosomes Turns Immunologically Cold Tumors Hot. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202110512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shenglu Ji
- Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials Ministry of Education, and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials School of Life Science and Technology Xinxiang Medical University Xinxiang 453003 China
| | - Jun Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials Ministry of Education, and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Xingchen Duan
- Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials Ministry of Education, and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Jingtian Zhang
- Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials Ministry of Education, and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Yufan Zhang
- Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials Ministry of Education, and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Mengqing Song
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials School of Life Science and Technology Xinxiang Medical University Xinxiang 453003 China
| | - Songge Li
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials School of Life Science and Technology Xinxiang Medical University Xinxiang 453003 China
| | - Hongli Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials School of Life Science and Technology Xinxiang Medical University Xinxiang 453003 China
| | - Dan Ding
- Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials Ministry of Education, and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
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7
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Guo RC, Zhang XH, Fan PS, Song BL, Li ZX, Duan ZY, Qiao ZY, Wang H. In Vivo Self-Assembly Induced Cell Membrane Phase Separation for Improved Peptide Drug Internalization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:25128-25134. [PMID: 34549872 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202111839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic peptides have been widely concerned, but their efficacy is limited by the inability to penetrate cell membranes, which is a key bottleneck in peptide drugs delivery. Herein, an in vivo self-assembly strategy is developed to induce phase separation of cell membrane that improves the peptide drugs internalization. A phosphopeptide KYp is synthesized, containing an anticancer peptide [KLAKLAK]2 (K) and a responsive moiety phosphorylated Y (Yp). After interacting with alkaline phosphatase (ALP), KYp can be dephosphorylated and self-assembles in situ, which induces the aggregation of ALP and the protein-lipid phase separation on cell membrane. Consequently, KYp internalization is 2-fold enhanced compared to non-responsive peptide, and IC50 value of KYp is approximately 5 times lower than that of free peptide. Therefore, the in vivo self-assembly induced phase separation on cell membrane promises a new strategy to improve the drug delivery efficacy in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruo-Chen Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nano-science, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), No. 11 Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100190, China.,School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, No. 8 Guangrongdao, Tianjin, 300130, China
| | - Xue-Hao Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nano-science, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), No. 11 Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Peng-Sheng Fan
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nano-science, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), No. 11 Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Ben-Li Song
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nano-science, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), No. 11 Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Zhi-Xiang Li
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nano-science, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), No. 11 Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Zhong-Yu Duan
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, No. 8 Guangrongdao, Tianjin, 300130, China
| | - Zeng-Ying Qiao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nano-science, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), No. 11 Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Hao Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nano-science, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), No. 11 Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100190, China
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8
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Guo R, Zhang X, Fan P, Song B, Li Z, Duan Z, Qiao Z, Wang H. In Vivo Self‐Assembly Induced Cell Membrane Phase Separation for Improved Peptide Drug Internalization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202111839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruo‐Chen Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety CAS Center for Excellence in Nano-science National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST) No. 11 Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun Beijing 100190 China
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Hebei University of Technology No. 8 Guangrongdao Tianjin 300130 China
| | - Xue‐Hao Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety CAS Center for Excellence in Nano-science National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST) No. 11 Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun Beijing 100190 China
| | - Peng‐Sheng Fan
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety CAS Center for Excellence in Nano-science National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST) No. 11 Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun Beijing 100190 China
| | - Ben‐Li Song
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety CAS Center for Excellence in Nano-science National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST) No. 11 Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun Beijing 100190 China
| | - Zhi‐Xiang Li
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety CAS Center for Excellence in Nano-science National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST) No. 11 Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun Beijing 100190 China
| | - Zhong‐Yu Duan
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Hebei University of Technology No. 8 Guangrongdao Tianjin 300130 China
| | - Zeng‐Ying Qiao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety CAS Center for Excellence in Nano-science National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST) No. 11 Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun Beijing 100190 China
| | - Hao Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety CAS Center for Excellence in Nano-science National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST) No. 11 Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun Beijing 100190 China
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9
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Ji S, Li J, Duan X, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Song M, Li S, Chen H, Ding D. Targeted Enrichment of Enzyme-Instructed Assemblies in Cancer Cell Lysosomes Turns Immunologically Cold Tumors Hot. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:26994-27004. [PMID: 34643312 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202110512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Lysosome-relevant cell death induced by lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP) has recently attracted increasing attention. However, nearly no studies show that currently available LMP inducers can evoke immunogenic cell death (ICD) or convert immunologically cold tumors to hot. Herein, we report a LMP inducer named TPE-Py-pYK(TPP)pY, which can respond to alkaline phosphatase (ALP), leading to formation of nanoassembies along with fluorescence and singlet oxygen turn-on. TPE-Py-pYK(TPP)pY tends to accumulate in ALP-overexpressed cancer cell lysosomes as well as induce LMP and rupture of lysosomal membranes to massively evoke ICD. Such LMP-induced ICD effectively converts immunologically cold tumors to hot as evidenced by abundant CD8+ and CD4+ T cells infiltration into the cold tumors. Exposure of ALP-catalyzed nanoassemblies in cancer cell lysosomes to light further intensifies the processes of LMP, ICD and cold-to-hot tumor conversion. This work thus builds a new bridge between lysosome-relevant cell death and cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenglu Ji
- Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.,The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, School of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Jun Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xingchen Duan
- Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Jingtian Zhang
- Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yufan Zhang
- Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Mengqing Song
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, School of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Songge Li
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, School of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Hongli Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, School of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Dan Ding
- Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
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10
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Hu L, Li Y, Lin X, Huo Y, Zhang H, Wang H. Structure‐Based Programming of Supramolecular Assemblies in Living Cells for Selective Cancer Cell Inhibition. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202103507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liangbo Hu
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province School of Science Westlake University Institute of Natural Sciences Westlake Institute for Advanced Study 18 Shilongshan Road Hangzhou 310024 Zhejiang Province China
| | - Ying Li
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province School of Science Westlake University Institute of Natural Sciences Westlake Institute for Advanced Study 18 Shilongshan Road Hangzhou 310024 Zhejiang Province China
| | - Xinhui Lin
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province School of Science Westlake University Institute of Natural Sciences Westlake Institute for Advanced Study 18 Shilongshan Road Hangzhou 310024 Zhejiang Province China
| | - Yucheng Huo
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province School of Science Westlake University Institute of Natural Sciences Westlake Institute for Advanced Study 18 Shilongshan Road Hangzhou 310024 Zhejiang Province China
| | - Hongyue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province School of Science Westlake University Institute of Natural Sciences Westlake Institute for Advanced Study 18 Shilongshan Road Hangzhou 310024 Zhejiang Province China
| | - Huaimin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province School of Science Westlake University Institute of Natural Sciences Westlake Institute for Advanced Study 18 Shilongshan Road Hangzhou 310024 Zhejiang Province China
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11
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Hu L, Li Y, Lin X, Huo Y, Zhang H, Wang H. Structure-Based Programming of Supramolecular Assemblies in Living Cells for Selective Cancer Cell Inhibition. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:21807-21816. [PMID: 34189812 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202103507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Here we report on the design, synthesis, and assembly of an enzymatic programmable peptide system inspired by endocytic processes to induce molecular assemblies formation spatiotemporally in living cancer cells, resulting in glioblastoma cell death mainly in necroptosis. Our results indicate the stability and glycosylation of molecules play an essential role in determining the final bioactivity. Detailed mechanistic studies by CLSM, Flow cytometry, western blot, and Bio-EM suggest the site-specific formation of assemblies, which could induce the LMP and activate the downstream cell death pathway. Moreover, we also demonstrate that our strategy can boost the activity of commercial chemotherapy drug by escaping lysosome sequestration. We expected this work would be expanded towards artificial intelligent biomaterials for cancer therapy and imaging precisely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangbo Hu
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, School of Science, Westlake University, Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ying Li
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, School of Science, Westlake University, Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xinhui Lin
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, School of Science, Westlake University, Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yucheng Huo
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, School of Science, Westlake University, Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Hongyue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, School of Science, Westlake University, Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Huaimin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, School of Science, Westlake University, Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
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Xie X, Zheng T, Li W. Recent Progress in Ionic Coassembly of Cationic Peptides and Anionic Species. Macromol Rapid Commun 2020; 41:e2000534. [PMID: 33225490 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202000534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Peptide assembly has been extensively exploited as a promising platform for the creation of hierarchical nanostructures and tailor-made bioactive materials. Ionic coassembly of cationic peptides and anionic species is paving the way to provide particularly important contribution to this topic. In this review, the recent progress of ionic coassembly soft materials derived from the electrostatic coupling between cationic peptides and anionic species in aqueous solution is systematically summarized. The presentation of this review starts from a brief background on the general importance and advantages of peptide-based ionic coassembly. After that, diverse combinations of cationic peptides with small anions, macro- and/or oligo-anions, anionic polymers, and inorganic polyoxometalates are described. Emphasis is placed on the hierarchical structures, value-added properties, and applications. The molecular design of cationic peptides and the general principles behind the ionic coassembled structures are discussed. It is summarized that the combination of interesting and unique characteristics that arise both from the chemical diversity of peptides and the wide range of anionic species may contribute in a variety of output, including drug delivery, tissue engineering, gene transfection, and antibacterial activity. The emergent new phenomena and findings are illustrated. Finally, the outlook for the peptide-based ionic coassembly systems is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Qianjing Avenue 2699, Changchun, 130012, China.,Department of Chemistry, Xinzhou Teachers' University, Xinzhou, Shanxi, 034000, China
| | - Tingting Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Qianjing Avenue 2699, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Wen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Qianjing Avenue 2699, Changchun, 130012, China
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Yang J, Dai J, Wang Q, Cheng Y, Guo J, Zhao Z, Hong Y, Lou X, Xia F. Tumor‐Triggered Disassembly of a Multiple‐Agent‐Therapy Probe for Efficient Cellular Internalization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202009196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juliang Yang
- Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry China University of Geosciences Wuhan 430078 China
| | - Jun Dai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430030 China
| | - Quan Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry China University of Geosciences Wuhan 430078 China
| | - Yong Cheng
- Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry China University of Geosciences Wuhan 430078 China
| | - Jingjing Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Zujin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Yuning Hong
- Department of Chemistry and Physics La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science La Trobe University Melbourne VIC 3086 Australia
| | - Xiaoding Lou
- Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry China University of Geosciences Wuhan 430078 China
| | - Fan Xia
- Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry China University of Geosciences Wuhan 430078 China
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Yang J, Dai J, Wang Q, Cheng Y, Guo J, Zhao Z, Hong Y, Lou X, Xia F. Tumor-Triggered Disassembly of a Multiple-Agent-Therapy Probe for Efficient Cellular Internalization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:20405-20410. [PMID: 32720727 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202009196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Integration of multiple agent therapy (MAT) into one probe is promising for improving therapeutic efficiency for cancer treatment. However, MAT probe, if entering the cell as a whole, may not be optimal for each therapeutic agent (with different physicochemical properties), to achieve their best performance, hindering strategy optimization. A peptide-conjugated-AIEgen (FC-PyTPA) is presented: upon loading with siRNA, it self-assembles into FCsiRNA -PyTPA. When approaching the region near tumor cells, FCsiRNA -PyTPA responds to extracellular MMP-2 and is cleaved into FCsiRNA and PyTPA. The former enters cells mainly by macropinocytosis and the latter is internalized into cells mainly through caveolae-mediated endocytosis. This two-part strategy greatly improves the internalization efficiency of each individual therapeutic agent. Inside the cell, self-assembly of nanofiber precursor F, gene interference of CsiRNA , and ROS production of PyTPA are activated to inhibit tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliang Yang
- Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430078, China
| | - Jun Dai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Quan Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430078, China
| | - Yong Cheng
- Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430078, China
| | - Jingjing Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Zujin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Yuning Hong
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - Xiaoding Lou
- Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430078, China
| | - Fan Xia
- Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430078, China
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Ariga K, Jia X, Song J, Hill JP, Leong DT, Jia Y, Li J. Nanoarchitektonik als ein Ansatz zur Erzeugung bioähnlicher hierarchischer Organisate. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202000802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhiko Ariga
- WPI Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA) National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) 1-1 Namiki Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0044 Japan
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences The University of Tokyo 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha Kashiwa Chiba 277-8561 Japan
| | - Xiaofang Jia
- WPI Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA) National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) 1-1 Namiki Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0044 Japan
| | - Jingwen Song
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences The University of Tokyo 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha Kashiwa Chiba 277-8561 Japan
| | - Jonathan P. Hill
- WPI Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA) National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) 1-1 Namiki Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0044 Japan
| | - David Tai Leong
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore 117585 Singapur
| | - Yi Jia
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS) CAS Key Lab of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Junbai Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS) CAS Key Lab of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
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Ariga K, Jia X, Song J, Hill JP, Leong DT, Jia Y, Li J. Nanoarchitectonics beyond Self-Assembly: Challenges to Create Bio-Like Hierarchic Organization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:15424-15446. [PMID: 32170796 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202000802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Incorporation of non-equilibrium actions in the sequence of self-assembly processes would be an effective means to establish bio-like high functionality hierarchical assemblies. As a novel methodology beyond self-assembly, nanoarchitectonics, which has as its aim the fabrication of functional materials systems from nanoscopic units through the methodological fusion of nanotechnology with other scientific disciplines including organic synthesis, supramolecular chemistry, microfabrication, and bio-process, has been applied to this strategy. The application of non-equilibrium factors to conventional self-assembly processes is discussed on the basis of examples of directed assembly, Langmuir-Blodgett assembly, and layer-by-layer assembly. In particular, examples of the fabrication of hierarchical functional structures using bio-active components such as proteins or by the combination of bio-components and two-dimensional nanomaterials, are described. Methodologies described in this review article highlight possible approaches using the nanoarchitectonics concept beyond self-assembly for creation of bio-like higher functionalities and hierarchical structural organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhiko Ariga
- WPI Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan.,Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8561, Japan
| | - Xiaofang Jia
- WPI Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Jingwen Song
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8561, Japan
| | - Jonathan P Hill
- WPI Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan
| | - David Tai Leong
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Yi Jia
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Lab of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Junbai Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Lab of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
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Serizawa T, Maeda T, Sawada T. Neutralization-Induced Self-Assembly of Cellulose Oligomers into Antibiofouling Crystalline Nanoribbon Networks in Complex Mixtures. ACS Macro Lett 2020; 9:301-305. [PMID: 35648536 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.9b01008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Molecular self-assembly in solutions is a powerful strategy for fabricating functional architectures. Various bio(macro)molecules have been used as self-assembly components. However, structural polysaccharides, such as cellulose and chitin, have rarely been a research focus for molecular self-assembly, even though their crystalline assemblies potentially have robust physicochemical properties. Herein, we demonstrated the neutralization-induced self-assembly of cellulose oligomers into antibiofouling crystalline nanoribbon networks to produce physically cross-linked hydrogels. The self-assembly proceeded even in versatile complex mixtures, such as serum-containing cell culture media, in a controlled manner for 3D cell culture. The cultured cells grew into cell aggregates (spheroids), which were simply collected through natural filtration due to the mechanically crushable property of the crystalline nanoribbons through water flow by pipetting. We will show the potential of cellulose oligomers for biocompatible, crystalline soft materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Serizawa
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1-H121 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Tohru Maeda
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1-H121 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Toshiki Sawada
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1-H121 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
- Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi-shi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
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