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Emenike BU, Farshadmand A, Zeller M, Roman AJ, Sevimler A, Shinn DW. Electrostatic CH-π Interactions Can Override Fluorine Gauche Effects To Exert Conformational Control. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203139. [PMID: 36286329 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Fluorine gauche effects are conformational properties of 2-fluoroethanes often applied in modern molecular designs. However, the physical origins of fluorine gauche effects are not well understood, with the consensus favoring the established hyperconjugation theory over an emerging electrostatic model. Using a series of model systems, we show that a shift to fluorine gauche effects can be influenced by intramolecular CH⋅⋅⋅π aromatic interactions, a through-space event. Modulating the π-ring (forming the aromatic interaction) with substituent groups resulted in a linear Hammett relationship, thus indicating that the CH⋅⋅⋅π interaction has electrostatic features. For instance, attaching a nitro group (an electron-withdrawing substituent) to the π-ring weakened the CH⋅⋅⋅π interaction and led to a gauche preference, whereas an anti conformer is preferred with amine as substituent. The experimental results performed by using proton NMR spectroscopy are corroborated by gas-phase DFT calculations and solid-state X-ray crystallography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bright U Emenike
- Department of Chemistry & Physics, State University of New York, Old Westbury, 223 Store Hill Road, Old Westbury, NY 11568, USA
| | - Amiel Farshadmand
- Department of Chemistry & Physics, State University of New York, Old Westbury, 223 Store Hill Road, Old Westbury, NY 11568, USA
| | - Matthias Zeller
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2084, USA
| | - Armando J Roman
- Department of Chemistry & Physics, State University of New York, Old Westbury, 223 Store Hill Road, Old Westbury, NY 11568, USA
| | - Arzu Sevimler
- Department of Chemistry & Physics, State University of New York, Old Westbury, 223 Store Hill Road, Old Westbury, NY 11568, USA
| | - David W Shinn
- Department of Mathematics and Science, United States Merchant Marine Academy, 300 Steamboat Road, Kings Point, NY 11024, USA
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2
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Shao N, Liu X, Monnier V, Charles L, Rodriguez J, Bressy C, Quintard A. Enantioselective Synthesis of Acyclic Stereotriads Featuring Fluorinated Tetrasubstituted Stereocenters. Chemistry 2021; 28:e202103874. [PMID: 34821417 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Elaboration of enantioenriched complex acyclic stereotriads represents a challenge for modern synthesis even more when fluorinated tetrasubstituted stereocenters are targeted. We have been able to develop a simple strategy in a sequence of two unprecedented steps combining a diastereoselective aldol-Tishchenko reaction and an enantioselective organocatalyzed kinetic resolution. The aldol-Tishchenko reaction directly generates a large panel of acyclic 1,3-diols possessing a fluorinated tetrasubstituted stereocenter by condensation of fluorinated ketones with aldehydes under very mild basic conditions. The anti 1,3-diols featuring three contiguous stereogenic centers are generated with excellent diastereocontrol (typically >99 : 1 dr). Depending upon the precursors both diastereomers of stereotriads are accessible through this flexible reaction. Furthermore, from the obtained racemic scaffolds, development of an organocatalyzed kinetic resolution enabled to generate the desired enantioenriched stereotriads with excellent selectivity (typically er >95 : 5).
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Shao
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Marseille, France
| | - Xueyang Liu
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Marseille, France
| | - Valérie Monnier
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, FSCM, Marseille, France
| | | | - Jean Rodriguez
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Marseille, France
| | - Cyril Bressy
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Marseille, France
| | - Adrien Quintard
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Marseille, France
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3
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Desrues T, Merad J, Andrei D, Pons J, Parrain J, Médebielle M, Quintard A, Bressy C. Impact of the Difluoromethylene Group in the Organocatalyzed Acylative Kinetic Resolution of α,α‐Difluorohydrins. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202107041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Titouan Desrues
- Aix-Marseille Univ CNRS Centrale Marseille, iSm2 Marseille France
| | - Jérémy Merad
- Univ Lyon Université Lyon 1 CNRS INSA CPE-Lyon ICBMS UMR 5246 Bât. Lederer 1 rue Victor Grignard 69622 Villeurbanne France
| | - Daniela Andrei
- Univ Lyon Université Lyon 1 CNRS INSA CPE-Lyon ICBMS UMR 5246 Bât. Lederer 1 rue Victor Grignard 69622 Villeurbanne France
- Dominican University 7900 West Division Street River Forest IL 60305 USA
| | - Jean‐Marc Pons
- Aix-Marseille Univ CNRS Centrale Marseille, iSm2 Marseille France
| | - Jean‐Luc Parrain
- Aix-Marseille Univ CNRS Centrale Marseille, iSm2 Marseille France
| | - Maurice Médebielle
- Univ Lyon Université Lyon 1 CNRS INSA CPE-Lyon ICBMS UMR 5246 Bât. Lederer 1 rue Victor Grignard 69622 Villeurbanne France
| | - Adrien Quintard
- Aix-Marseille Univ CNRS Centrale Marseille, iSm2 Marseille France
| | - Cyril Bressy
- Aix-Marseille Univ CNRS Centrale Marseille, iSm2 Marseille France
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Desrues T, Merad J, Andrei D, Pons JM, Parrain JL, Médebielle M, Quintard A, Bressy C. Impact of the Difluoromethylene Group in the Organocatalyzed Acylative Kinetic Resolution of α,α-Difluorohydrins. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:24924-24929. [PMID: 34473886 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202107041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Due to the omnipresence of chiral organofluorine compounds in pharmaceutical, agrochemical, and material chemistry, the development of enantioselective methods for their preparation is highly desirable. In the present study, the enantioselective organocatalyzed acylation of α,α-difluorohydrins using a commercially available chiral isothiourea is reported through a kinetic resolution (KR) process. It reveals that the difluoromethylene moiety (C(sp3 )F2 ) can serve as a directing group through electrostatic fluorine-cation interactions, greatly improving the enantioselectivity of the KR. In this context, a broad range of fluorinated alcohols such as valuable 4,4-difluoro-1,3-diols could be synthesized with exquisite enantiocontrol (typically >99:1 er). Turning to 2,2-difluoro-1,3-diols, we also demonstrated that aromatic and fluorinated groups were mutually compatible to provide the expected enantioenriched adducts with >99:1 er.
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Affiliation(s)
- Titouan Desrues
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Marseille, France
| | - Jérémy Merad
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, INSA, CPE-Lyon, ICBMS, UMR 5246, Bât. Lederer, 1 rue Victor Grignard, 69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Daniela Andrei
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, INSA, CPE-Lyon, ICBMS, UMR 5246, Bât. Lederer, 1 rue Victor Grignard, 69622, Villeurbanne, France.,Dominican University, 7900 West Division Street, River Forest, IL, 60305, USA
| | - Jean-Marc Pons
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Luc Parrain
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Marseille, France
| | - Maurice Médebielle
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, INSA, CPE-Lyon, ICBMS, UMR 5246, Bât. Lederer, 1 rue Victor Grignard, 69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Adrien Quintard
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Marseille, France
| | - Cyril Bressy
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Marseille, France
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Mondal R, Agbaria M, Nairoukh Z. Fluorinated Rings: Conformation and Application. Chemistry 2021; 27:7193-7213. [PMID: 33512034 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202005425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The introduction of fluorine atoms into molecules and materials across many fields of academic and industrial research is now commonplace, owing to their unique properties. A particularly interesting feature is the impact of fluorine substitution on the relative orientation of a C-F bond when incorporated into organic molecules. In this Review, we will be discussing the conformational behavior of fluorinated aliphatic carbo- and heterocyclic systems. The conformational preference of each system is associated with various interactions introduced by fluorine substitution such as charge-dipole, dipole-dipole, and hyperconjugative interactions. The contribution of each interaction on the stabilization of the fluorinated alicyclic system, which manifests itself in low conformations, will be discussed in detail. The novelty of this feature will be demonstrated by presenting the most recent applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajarshi Mondal
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Jerusalem, 9190401, Israel
| | - Mohamed Agbaria
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Jerusalem, 9190401, Israel
| | - Zackaria Nairoukh
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Jerusalem, 9190401, Israel
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Rodrigues Silva D, de Azevedo Santos L, Hamlin TA, Fonseca Guerra C, Freitas MP, Bickelhaupt FM. The Gauche Effect in XCH 2 CH 2 X Revisited. Chemphyschem 2021; 22:641-648. [PMID: 33555663 PMCID: PMC8048458 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202100090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We have quantum chemically investigated the rotational isomerism of 1,2-dihaloethanes XCH2 CH2 X (X = F, Cl, Br, I) at ZORA-BP86-D3(BJ)/QZ4P. Our Kohn-Sham molecular orbital (KS-MO) analyses reveal that hyperconjugative orbital interactions favor the gauche conformation in all cases (X = F-I), not only for X = F as in the current model of this so-called gauche effect. We show that, instead, it is the interplay of hyperconjugation with Pauli repulsion between lone-pair-type orbitals on the halogen substituents that constitutes the causal mechanism for the gauche effect. Thus, only in the case of the relatively small fluorine atoms, steric Pauli repulsion is too weak to overrule the gauche preference of the hyperconjugative orbital interactions. For the larger halogens, X⋅⋅⋅X steric Pauli repulsion becomes sufficiently destabilizing to shift the energetic preference from gauche to anti, despite the opposite preference of hyperconjugation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Rodrigues Silva
- Department of Theoretical ChemistryAmsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS)Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling (ACMM)Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamDe Boelelaan 10831081 HVAmsterdam (TheNetherlands
- Departamento de QuímicaInstituto de Ciências NaturaisUniversidade Federal de Lavras37200-900Lavras-MGBrazil
| | - Lucas de Azevedo Santos
- Department of Theoretical ChemistryAmsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS)Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling (ACMM)Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamDe Boelelaan 10831081 HVAmsterdam (TheNetherlands
- Departamento de QuímicaInstituto de Ciências NaturaisUniversidade Federal de Lavras37200-900Lavras-MGBrazil
| | - Trevor A. Hamlin
- Department of Theoretical ChemistryAmsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS)Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling (ACMM)Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamDe Boelelaan 10831081 HVAmsterdam (TheNetherlands
| | - Célia Fonseca Guerra
- Department of Theoretical ChemistryAmsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS)Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling (ACMM)Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamDe Boelelaan 10831081 HVAmsterdam (TheNetherlands
- Leiden Institute of ChemistryGorlaeus LaboratoriesLeiden UniversityEinsteinweg 552333 CCLeiden (TheNetherlands
| | - Matheus P. Freitas
- Departamento de QuímicaInstituto de Ciências NaturaisUniversidade Federal de Lavras37200-900Lavras-MGBrazil
| | - F. Matthias Bickelhaupt
- Department of Theoretical ChemistryAmsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS)Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling (ACMM)Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamDe Boelelaan 10831081 HVAmsterdam (TheNetherlands
- Institute for Molecules and Materials (IMM)Radboud UniversityHeyendaalseweg 1356525 AJNijmegen (TheNetherlands
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Lainé D, Lessard O, St-Gelais J, Giguère D. From Carbohydrates to Complex Organofluorines: Synthesis, Conformation, and Lipophilicity of Multivicinal-Fluorine-Containing Hexitol Analogues. Chemistry 2021; 27:3799-3805. [PMID: 33290627 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202004646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
There is growing interest in the preparation of fluorine-containing organic molecules. Multivicinal-fluorine analogues are among the most intriguing and promising compounds, but their physical and biological investigations are held back by challenging syntheses. Herein, we report on the synthesis of a large set of novel polyfluorohexitols. The dominant solution-state conformation of all trifluorohexitols was determined, and the solid-state conformations of some analogues were compared. Finally, the lipophilicity of a large set of polyfluorinated hexopyranose and hexitol analogues was attributed by using a log P determination method based on 19 F NMR spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danny Lainé
- Département de Chimie, Université Laval, 1045 Avenue de la Médecine, Quebec City, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Olivier Lessard
- Département de Chimie, Université Laval, 1045 Avenue de la Médecine, Quebec City, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Jacob St-Gelais
- Département de Chimie, Université Laval, 1045 Avenue de la Médecine, Quebec City, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Denis Giguère
- Département de Chimie, Université Laval, 1045 Avenue de la Médecine, Quebec City, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
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Sperandio C, Quintard G, Naubron J, Giorgi M, Yemloul M, Parrain J, Rodriguez J, Quintard A. Strategic Stereoselective Halogen (F, Cl) Insertion: A Tool to Enhance Supramolecular Properties in Polyols. Chemistry 2019; 25:15098-15105. [PMID: 31453654 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201902983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Céline Sperandio
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2 Marseille France
| | - Guilhem Quintard
- Université de Lyon, INSA LYON, Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères, IMP-UMR CNRS 5223 69621 Villeurbanne France
| | - Jean‐Valere Naubron
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Spectropole Marseille France
| | - Michel Giorgi
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Spectropole Marseille France
| | - Mehdi Yemloul
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2 Marseille France
| | - Jean‐Luc Parrain
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2 Marseille France
| | - Jean Rodriguez
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2 Marseille France
| | - Adrien Quintard
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2 Marseille France
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