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Némethová I, Schmid D, Tiefenbacher K. Supramolecular Capsule Catalysis Enables the Exploration of Terpenoid Chemical Space Untapped by Nature. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202218625. [PMID: 36727480 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202218625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Terpenes represent the largest and the most diverse class of natural compounds. This is remarkable as the whole variety is accessed from just a handful of highly conserved linear precursors. Modification of the cyclization precursors would enable a dramatic expansion of the accessible chemical space. However, natural enzymes do not enable us to tap into this potential, as they do not tolerate larger deviations from the prototypical substrate structure. Herein we report that supramolecular capsule catalysis enables facile access to diverse and novel terpenoid skeletons that formally can be traced back to C3-phenyl, benzyl, and homoprenyl derivatives of farnesol. Novel skeletons related to the presilphiperfolane core structure, as well as novel neoclovene derivatives were accessed efficiently in only four synthetic steps. Importantly, the products obtained carry functional groups that may be readily derivatized further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Némethová
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dario Schmid
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Konrad Tiefenbacher
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a, 4002, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Mattenstrasse 26, 4058, Basel, Switzerland
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Hao X, Li TR, Chen H, Gini A, Zhang X, Rosset S, Mazet C, Tiefenbacher K, Matile S. Bioinspired Ether Cyclizations within a π-Basic Capsule Compared to Autocatalysis on π-Acidic Surfaces and Pnictogen-Bonding Catalysts. Chemistry 2021; 27:12215-12223. [PMID: 34060672 PMCID: PMC8456975 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
While the integration of supramolecular principles in catalysis attracts increasing attention, a direct comparative assessment of the resulting systems catalysts to work out distinct characteristics is often difficult. Herein is reported how the broad responsiveness of ether cyclizations to diverse inputs promises to fill this gap. Cyclizations in the confined, π-basic and Brønsted acidic interior of supramolecular capsules, for instance, are found to excel with speed (exceeding general Brønsted acid and hydrogen-bonding catalysts by far) and selective violations of the Baldwin rules (as extreme as the so far unique pnictogen-bonding catalysts). The complementary cyclization on π-acidic aromatic surfaces remains unique with regard to autocatalysis, which is shown to be chemo- and diastereoselective with regard to product-like co-catalysts but, so far, not enantioselective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Hao
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, Quai Ernest Ansermet 30, CH-1121, Geneva, Switzerland.,NCCR Molecular Systems Engineering BPR 1095, Mattenstrasse 24a, CH-4058, Basel, Switzerland.,College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, 1 Dongsan Road Erxianqiao, Chengdu, 610059, P.R. China
| | - Tian-Ren Li
- NCCR Molecular Systems Engineering BPR 1095, Mattenstrasse 24a, CH-4058, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a, CH-4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, Quai Ernest Ansermet 30, CH-1121, Geneva, Switzerland.,NCCR Molecular Systems Engineering BPR 1095, Mattenstrasse 24a, CH-4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Gini
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, Quai Ernest Ansermet 30, CH-1121, Geneva, Switzerland.,NCCR Molecular Systems Engineering BPR 1095, Mattenstrasse 24a, CH-4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, Quai Ernest Ansermet 30, CH-1121, Geneva, Switzerland.,NCCR Molecular Systems Engineering BPR 1095, Mattenstrasse 24a, CH-4058, Basel, Switzerland.,Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products and Chemical Biology, College of Science, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang Shi, Yangling, 712100, P. R. China
| | - Stéphane Rosset
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, Quai Ernest Ansermet 30, CH-1121, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Clément Mazet
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, Quai Ernest Ansermet 30, CH-1121, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Konrad Tiefenbacher
- NCCR Molecular Systems Engineering BPR 1095, Mattenstrasse 24a, CH-4058, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a, CH-4058, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Mattenstrasse 26, CH-4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Matile
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, Quai Ernest Ansermet 30, CH-1121, Geneva, Switzerland.,NCCR Molecular Systems Engineering BPR 1095, Mattenstrasse 24a, CH-4058, Basel, Switzerland
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Chwastek M, Cmoch P, Szumna A. Dodecameric Anion-Sealed Capsules based on Pyrogallol[5]arenes and Resorcin[5]arenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:4540-4544. [PMID: 33372317 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202013105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The paper reports formation of exceptionally large capsular species (diameter of c. a. 30 Å) by interactions of polyphenolic macrocycles with 5-fold symmetry with anions. Pyrogallol[5]arenes and resorcin[5]arenes interact with anions via hydrogen bonds involving phenolic OH groups or aromatic CH groups. Based on NMR titration experiments, diffusion coefficients, and geometric requirements, it is postulated that the capsules have (P5H)12 (X- )60 or (R5H)12 (X- )60 stoichiometry and a unique geometry of one of the Platonic solids-a dodecahedron. The capsules exist in THF and in benzene, but not in chloroform, reflecting competitive effects in the solvation of anions. It is also demonstrated that mechanochemical pre-treatment (dry-milling) of solid samples is indispensable to initialize self-assembly in benzene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Chwastek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Cmoch
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Szumna
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, Warsaw, Poland
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