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Dalling AG, Späth G, Fürstner A. Total Synthesis of the Tetracyclic Pyridinium Alkaloid epi-Tetradehydrohalicyclamine B. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202209651. [PMID: 35971850 PMCID: PMC9826155 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202209651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The first total synthesis of a tetracyclic marine pyridinium alkaloid hinged on recent advances in chemoselectivity management: While many classical methods failed to afford the perceptively simple pyridine-containing core of the target, nickel/iridium photoredox dual catalysis allowed the critical C-C bond to be formed in good yield. Likewise, ring closing alkyne metathesis (RCAM) worked well in the presence of the unhindered pyridine despite the innately Lewis acidic Mo(+6) center of the alkylidyne catalyst. Finally, an iridium catalyzed hydrosilylation was uniquely effective in reducing a tertiary amide without compromising an adjacent pyridine and the lateral double bonds; this transformation is largely without precedent. The second strained macrocycle enveloping the core was closed by intramolecular N-alkylation with formation of the pyridinium unit; the reaction proceeded site- and chemoselectively in the presence of an a priori more basic tertiary amine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Georg Späth
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung45470Mülheim/RuhrGermany
| | - Alois Fürstner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung45470Mülheim/RuhrGermany
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2
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Dalling AG, Späth G, Fürstner A. Total Synthesis of the Tetracyclic Pyridinium Alkaloid epi‐Tetradehydrohalicyclamine B. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202209651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew G. Dalling
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung: Max-Planck-Institut fur Kohlenforschung Organometallic Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Georg Späth
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung: Max-Planck-Institut fur Kohlenforschung Organometallic Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Alois Fürstner
- Max-Planck-Institut fur Kohlenforschung Organometallic Chemistry Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr GERMANY
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3
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Hillenbrand J, Korber JN, Leutzsch M, Nöthling N, Fürstner A. Canopy Catalysts for Alkyne Metathesis: Investigations into a Bimolecular Decomposition Pathway and the Stability of the Podand Cap. Chemistry 2021; 27:14025-14033. [PMID: 34293239 PMCID: PMC8518412 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Molybdenum alkylidyne complexes with a trisilanolate podand ligand framework ("canopy catalysts") are the arguably most selective catalysts for alkyne metathesis known to date. Among them, complex 1 a endowed with a fence of lateral methyl substituents on the silicon linkers is the most reactive, although fairly high loadings are required in certain applications. It is now shown that this catalyst decomposes readily via a bimolecular pathway that engages the Mo≡CR entities in a stoichiometric triple-bond metathesis event to furnish RC≡CR and the corresponding dinuclear complex, 8, with a Mo≡Mo core. In addition to the regular analytical techniques, 95 Mo NMR was used to confirm this unusual outcome. This rapid degradation mechanism is largely avoided by increasing the size of the peripheral substituents on silicon, without unduly compromising the activity of the resulting complexes. When chemically challenged, however, canopy catalysts can open the apparently somewhat strained tripodal ligand cages; this reorganization leads to the formation of cyclo-tetrameric arrays composed of four metal alkylidyne units linked together via one silanol arm of the ligand backbone. The analogous tungsten alkylidyne complex 6, endowed with a tripodal tris-alkoxide (rather than siloxide) ligand framework, is even more susceptible to such a controlled and reversible cyclo-oligomerization. The structures of the resulting giant macrocyclic ensembles were established by single-crystal X-ray diffraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julius Hillenbrand
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung45470Mülheim an der RuhrMülheim/RuhrGermany
| | - J. Nepomuk Korber
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung45470Mülheim an der RuhrMülheim/RuhrGermany
| | - Markus Leutzsch
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung45470Mülheim an der RuhrMülheim/RuhrGermany
| | - Nils Nöthling
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung45470Mülheim an der RuhrMülheim/RuhrGermany
| | - Alois Fürstner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung45470Mülheim an der RuhrMülheim/RuhrGermany
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4
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Trzmiel S, Langmann J, Werner D, Maichle‐Mössmer C, Scherer W, Anwander R. Über Takais Olefinierungsreagenz hinaus: Anhaltende Dehalogenierung mündet in einem Chrom(III)‐μ
3
‐Methylidin‐Komplex. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202106608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Trzmiel
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Deutschland
| | - Jan Langmann
- Institut für Physik Universität Augsburg Universitätsstr. 1 86159 Augsburg Deutschland
| | - Daniel Werner
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Deutschland
| | - Cäcilia Maichle‐Mössmer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Deutschland
| | - Wolfgang Scherer
- Institut für Physik Universität Augsburg Universitätsstr. 1 86159 Augsburg Deutschland
| | - Reiner Anwander
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Deutschland
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5
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Trzmiel S, Langmann J, Werner D, Maichle‐Mössmer C, Scherer W, Anwander R. Beyond Takai's Olefination Reagent: Persistent Dehalogenation Emerges in a Chromium(III)-μ 3 -Methylidyne Complex. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:20049-20054. [PMID: 34213805 PMCID: PMC8456800 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202106608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Reaction of CHI3 with six equivalents of CrCl2 in THF at low temperatures affords [Cr3 Cl3 (μ2 -Cl)3 (μ3 -CH)(thf)6 ] as the first isolable high-yield CrIII μ3 -methylidyne complex. Substitution of the terminal chlorido ligands via salt metathesis with alkali-metal cyclopentadienides generates isostructural half-sandwich chromium(III)-μ3 -methylidynes [CpR 3 Cr3 (μ2 -Cl)3 (μ3 -CH)] (CpR =C5 H5 , C5 Me5 , C5 H4 SiMe3 ). Side and decomposition products of the Cl/CpR exchange reactions were identified and structurally characterized for [Cr4 (μ2 -Cl)4 (μ2 -I)2 (μ4 -O)(thf)4 ] and [(η5 -C5 H4 SiMe3 )CrCl(μ2 -Cl)2 Li(thf)2 ]. The Cl/CpR exchange drastically changed the ambient-temperature effective magnetic moment μeff from 9.30/9.11 μB (solution/solid) to 3.63/4.32 μB (CpR =C5 Me5 ). Reactions of [Cr3 Cl3 (μ2 -Cl)3 (μ3 -CH)(thf)6 ] with aldehydes and ketones produce intricate mixtures of species through oxy/methylidyne exchange, which were partially identified as radical recombination products through GC/MS analysis and 1 H NMR spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Trzmiel
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieEberhard-Karls-Universität TübingenAuf der Morgenstelle 1872076TübingenGermany
| | - Jan Langmann
- Institut für PhysikUniversität AugsburgUniversitätsstr. 186159AugsburgGermany
| | - Daniel Werner
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieEberhard-Karls-Universität TübingenAuf der Morgenstelle 1872076TübingenGermany
| | - Cäcilia Maichle‐Mössmer
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieEberhard-Karls-Universität TübingenAuf der Morgenstelle 1872076TübingenGermany
| | - Wolfgang Scherer
- Institut für PhysikUniversität AugsburgUniversitätsstr. 186159AugsburgGermany
| | - Reiner Anwander
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieEberhard-Karls-Universität TübingenAuf der Morgenstelle 1872076TübingenGermany
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6
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Yiannakas E, Grimes MI, Whitelegge JT, Fürstner A, Hulme AN. An Alkyne‐Metathesis‐Based Approach to the Synthesis of the Anti‐Malarial Macrodiolide Samroiyotmycin A. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202105732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ektoras Yiannakas
- School of Chemistry University of Edinburgh Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road Edinburgh EH9 3FJ UK
| | - Mark I. Grimes
- School of Chemistry University of Edinburgh Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road Edinburgh EH9 3FJ UK
| | - James T. Whitelegge
- School of Chemistry University of Edinburgh Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road Edinburgh EH9 3FJ UK
| | - Alois Fürstner
- Department of Organometallic Chemistry Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr Germany
| | - Alison N. Hulme
- School of Chemistry University of Edinburgh Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road Edinburgh EH9 3FJ UK
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7
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Yiannakas E, Grimes MI, Whitelegge JT, Fürstner A, Hulme AN. An Alkyne-Metathesis-Based Approach to the Synthesis of the Anti-Malarial Macrodiolide Samroiyotmycin A. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:18504-18508. [PMID: 34076945 PMCID: PMC8456858 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202105732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We report the first total synthesis of samroiyotmycin A (1), a C2 -symmetric 20-membered anti-malarial macrodiolide isolated from Streptomyces sp. The convergent synthetic strategy orchestrates bisalkyne fragment-assembly using an unprecedented Schöllkopf-type condensation on a substituted β-lactone and an ambitious late-stage one-pot alkyne cross metathesis-ring-closing metathesis (ACM-RCAM) reaction. The demanding alkyne metathesis sequence is achieved using the latest generation of molybdenum alkylidynes endowed with a tripodal silanolate ligand framework. Subsequent conversion to the required E-alkenes uses contemporary hydrometallation chemistry catalysed by tetrameric cluster [{Cp*RuCl}4 ].
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Affiliation(s)
- Ektoras Yiannakas
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, UK
| | - Mark I Grimes
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, UK
| | - James T Whitelegge
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, UK
| | - Alois Fürstner
- Department of Organometallic Chemistry, Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470, Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
| | - Alison N Hulme
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, UK
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8
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Löffler LE, Wirtz C, Fürstner A. Collective Total Synthesis of Casbane Diterpenes: One Strategy, Multiple Targets. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:5316-5322. [PMID: 33289954 PMCID: PMC7986786 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202015243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Of the more than 100 casbane diterpenes known to date, only the eponymous parent hydrocarbon casbene itself has ever been targeted by chemical synthesis. Outlined herein is a conceptually new approach that brings not a single but a variety of casbane derivatives into reach, especially the more highly oxygenated and arguably more relevant members of this family. The key design elements are a catalyst-controlled intramolecular cyclopropanation with or without subsequent equilibration, chain extension of the resulting stereoisomeric cyclopropane building blocks by chemoselective hydroboration/cross-coupling, and the efficient closure of the strained macrobicyclic framework by ring-closing alkyne metathesis. A hydroxy-directed catalytic trans-hydrostannation allows for late-stage diversity. These virtues are manifested in the concise total syntheses of depressin, yuexiandajisu A, and ent-pekinenin C. The last compound turned out to be identical to euphorhylonal A, the structure of which had clearly been misassigned.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Conny Wirtz
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung45470Mülheim/RuhrGermany
| | - Alois Fürstner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung45470Mülheim/RuhrGermany
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9
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Löffler LE, Wirtz C, Fürstner A. Collective Total Synthesis of Casbane Diterpenes: One Strategy, Multiple Targets. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202015243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Conny Wirtz
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr Germany
| | - Alois Fürstner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr Germany
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10
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Hu XN, Wu DP, Xu YP, Huang PQ. Organocatalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of an Advanced Intermediate of (+)-Sarain A. Chemistry 2021; 27:609-613. [PMID: 33044771 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202004261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The first organocatalytic asymmetric synthesis of an advanced intermediate of (+)-sarain A was achieved. This approach featured the employment of an organocatalytic asymmetric Michael addition reaction and a nitrogen-to-carbon chirality transfer to forge three chiral centers, as well as a catalytic hydrosilylation for the chemoselective reduction of a key lactam intermediate. The tricyclic intermediate contained all the required functionalities for elaborating into (+)-sarain A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Ning Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Dong-Ping Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Ye-Peng Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Pei-Qiang Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, P. R. China
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11
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Schulthoff S, Hamilton JY, Heinrich M, Kwon Y, Wirtz C, Fürstner A. The Formosalides: Structure Determination by Total Synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:446-454. [PMID: 32946141 PMCID: PMC7821135 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202011472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Total synthesis allowed the constitution of the cytotoxic marine macrolides of the formosalide family to be confirmed and their previously unknown stereostructure to be assigned with confidence. The underlying blueprint was inherently modular to ensure that each conceivable isomer could be reached. This flexibility derived from the use of strictly catalyst controlled transformations to set the stereocenters, except for the anomeric position, which is under thermodynamic control; as an extra safety measure, all stereogenic centers were set prior to ring closure to preclude any interference of the conformation adopted by the macrolactone rings of the different diastereomers. Late-stage macrocyclization by ring-closing alkyne metathesis was followed by a platinum-catalyzed transannular 6-exo-dig hydroalkoxylation/ketalization to craft the polycyclic frame. The side chain featuring a very labile unsaturation pattern was finally attached to the core by Stille coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marc Heinrich
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung45470Mülheim/RuhrGermany
| | - Yonghoon Kwon
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung45470Mülheim/RuhrGermany
| | - Conny Wirtz
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung45470Mülheim/RuhrGermany
| | - Alois Fürstner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung45470Mülheim/RuhrGermany
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12
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Hillenbrand J, Leutzsch M, Gordon CP, Copéret C, Fürstner A. 183 W NMR Spectroscopy Guides the Search for Tungsten Alkylidyne Catalysts for Alkyne Metathesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:21758-21768. [PMID: 32820864 PMCID: PMC7756321 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202009975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Triarylsilanolates are privileged ancillary ligands for molybdenum alkylidyne catalysts for alkyne metathesis but lead to disappointing results and poor stability in the tungsten series. 1 H,183 W heteronuclear multiple bond correlation spectroscopy, exploiting a favorable 5 J-coupling between the 183 W center and the peripheral protons on the alkylidyne cap, revealed that these ligands upregulate the Lewis acidity to an extent that the tungstenacyclobutadiene formed in the initial [2+2] cycloaddition step is over-stabilized and the catalytic turnover brought to a halt. Guided by the 183 W NMR shifts as a proxy for the Lewis acidity of the central atom and by an accompanying chemical shift tensor analysis of the alkylidyne unit, the ligand design was revisited and a more strongly π-donating all-alkoxide ligand prepared. The new expanded chelate complex has a tempered Lewis acidity and outperforms the classical Schrock catalyst, carrying monodentate tert-butoxy ligands, in terms of rate and functional-group compatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Markus Leutzsch
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung45470Mülheim/RuhrGermany
| | - Christopher P. Gordon
- Department of Chemistry and Applied BiosciencesETH ZürichVladimir-Prelog-Weg 1–58093ZürichSwitzerland
| | - Christophe Copéret
- Department of Chemistry and Applied BiosciencesETH ZürichVladimir-Prelog-Weg 1–58093ZürichSwitzerland
| | - Alois Fürstner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung45470Mülheim/RuhrGermany
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13
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Schulthoff S, Hamilton JY, Heinrich M, Kwon Y, Wirtz C, Fürstner A. The Formosalides: Structure Determination by Total Synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202011472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marc Heinrich
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr Germany
| | - Yonghoon Kwon
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr Germany
| | - Conny Wirtz
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr Germany
| | - Alois Fürstner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr Germany
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14
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Hillenbrand J, Leutzsch M, Gordon CP, Copéret C, Fürstner A. 183
W NMR Spectroscopy Guides the Search for Tungsten Alkylidyne Catalysts for Alkyne Metathesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202009975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Markus Leutzsch
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr Germany
| | - Christopher P. Gordon
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences ETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1–5 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Christophe Copéret
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences ETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1–5 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Alois Fürstner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr Germany
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15
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Hauser PM, Ende M, Groos J, Frey W, Wang D, Buchmeiser MR. Cationic Tungsten Alkylidyne
N
‐Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: Synthesis and Reactivity in Alkyne Metathesis. Eur J Inorg Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202000503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp M. Hauser
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry University of Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Melita Ende
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry University of Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Jonas Groos
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry University of Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Wolfgang Frey
- Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Dongren Wang
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry University of Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Michael R. Buchmeiser
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry University of Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
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