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Gao Z, Márquez-Álvarez C, Balestra SRG, Yu H, Villaescusa LA, Camblor MA. Mechanism of the Low-Temperature Organic Removal from Imidazolium-Containing Zeolites by Ozone Treatment: Fluoride Retention in Double-4-Rings. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:9953-9966. [PMID: 38757795 PMCID: PMC11134512 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c01021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
For zeolites synthesized using imidazolium cations, the organic matter can be extracted at very low temperatures (100 °C) using ozone. This is possible for zeolites with 12-ring or larger pores but requires higher temperatures in medium-pore zeolites. The first chemical events in this process occur fast, even at room temperature, and imply the loss of aromaticity likely by the formation of an adduct between ozone and the imidazole ring through carbons C4 and C5. Subsequent rupture of the imidazole ring provides smaller and more flexible fragments that can desorb more readily. This process has been studied experimentally, mainly through infrared spectroscopy, and theoretically by density functional theory. Amazingly, fluoride anions occluded in the small double-four-ring units (d4r) during the synthesis remain inside the cage throughout the whole process when the temperature is not too high (≤150 °C). However, fluoride in larger cages in MFI ends up bonded to silicon in penta or hexacoordinated units, likely out of the cages, after ozone treatment at 150 °C. For several germanosilicate zeolites, the process allows their subsequent degermanation to yield stable high-silica zeolites. Quaternary ammonium cations require harsher conditions that eventually also extract fluoride from zeolite cages, including the d4r unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihao
Rei Gao
- Instituto
de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM), CSIC, c/Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz
3, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Márquez-Álvarez
- Instituto
de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica (ICP), CSIC, c/Marie Curie 2, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Salvador R. G. Balestra
- Instituto
de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM), CSIC, c/Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz
3, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Centro
de Nanociencia y Tecnologías Sostenibles (CNATS), Departamento
de Sistemas Físicos, Químicos y Naturales, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Ctra. Utrera Km 1, ES-41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Huajian Yu
- Instituto
de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM), CSIC, c/Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz
3, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis A. Villaescusa
- Instituto
Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular
y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM) Universitat de València−Universitat
Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
- CIBER
de Bioingeniería Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento
de Química, Universitat Politècnica
de València, Camí
de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Camblor
- Instituto
de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM), CSIC, c/Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz
3, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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2
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Gramatikov SP, Petkov PS, Wang Z, Yang W, Vayssilov GN. Variation of the Orientations of Organic Structure-Directing Agents inside the Channels of SCM-14 and SCM-15 Germanosilicates Obtained by Ab Initio Molecular Dynamic Simulations. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:159. [PMID: 38251123 PMCID: PMC10819554 DOI: 10.3390/nano14020159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
We report ab initio molecular dynamic simulations of the organic structure-directing agent (OSDA) in the channels of SCM-14 and SCM-15 germanosilicates for models with different germanium distribution. Since OSDA was free to move inside the channels, independent of its initial orientation after the simulations in all structures the OSDA, protonated 4-pyrrolidinopyridine, is positioned almost perpendicular to the large channels of SCM-14. The structures obtained from the dynamic simulation are more stable by 157 to 331 kJ/mol than the structures obtained by initial geometry optimization. After simulations, the average distance between the N atom of the pyridine moiety of the OSDA and O from Ge-O-Ge is shorter by 0.2 Å than the same distance obtained from initial optimization. The stretching N-H frequencies in the IR spectra of the OSDA and other calculated vibrational frequencies are not characteristic of the orientation of the molecule and cannot be used to detect it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stoyan P. Gramatikov
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sofia, 1126 Sofia, Bulgaria; (S.P.G.); (P.S.P.)
| | - Petko St. Petkov
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sofia, 1126 Sofia, Bulgaria; (S.P.G.); (P.S.P.)
| | - Zhendong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering and Industrial Catalysis, Sinopec Shanghai Research Institute of Petrochemical Technology Co., Ltd., 1658 North Pudong Rd., Pudong, Shanghai 201208, China; (Z.W.); (W.Y.)
| | - Weimin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering and Industrial Catalysis, Sinopec Shanghai Research Institute of Petrochemical Technology Co., Ltd., 1658 North Pudong Rd., Pudong, Shanghai 201208, China; (Z.W.); (W.Y.)
| | - Georgi N. Vayssilov
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sofia, 1126 Sofia, Bulgaria; (S.P.G.); (P.S.P.)
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Gao ZR, Balestra SRG, Li J, Camblor MA. Synthesis of Extra-Large Pore, Large Pore and Medium Pore Zeolites Using a Small Imidazolium Cation as the Organic Structure-Directing Agent. Chemistry 2021; 27:18109-18117. [PMID: 34730258 PMCID: PMC9299198 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
One common strategy in the search for new zeolites is the use of organic structure-directing agents (OSDA). Typically, one seeks to achieve a high specificity in the structure-directing effect of the OSDA. This study shows, however, that an OSDA lacking strong specificity towards any particular zeolite may provide opportunities for discovery when other synthesis parameters are systematically screened. Thus, 1-methyl-2-ethyl-3-n-propylimidazolium has allowed to crystallize the new large/medium pore zeolite HPM-16 as well as the recently reported extra-large pore -SYT and the medium/small pore and chiral STW. The sophisticated OSDA originally affording -SYT and the new simple OSDA have very little in common, both in terms of size, shape and flexibility, while both may still direct the synthesis of the same zeolite. In fact, molecular simulations show that the new OSDA is located in three different positions of the -SYT structure, including the discrete 8MR where the original organic could not fit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Rei Gao
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de MadridConsejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (ICMM–CSIC)c/ Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz, 3Madrid28049Spain
| | - Salvador R. G. Balestra
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de MadridConsejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (ICMM–CSIC)c/ Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz, 3Madrid28049Spain
| | - Jian Li
- Berzelii Center EXSELENT on Porous MaterialsDepartment of Materials and Environmental ChemistryStockholm UniversityStockholm10691Sweden
| | - Miguel A. Camblor
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de MadridConsejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (ICMM–CSIC)c/ Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz, 3Madrid28049Spain
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4
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Asselman K, Pellens N, Radhakrishnan S, Chandran CV, Martens JA, Taulelle F, Verstraelen T, Hellström M, Breynaert E, Kirschhock CEA. Super-ions of sodium cations with hydrated hydroxide anions: inorganic structure-directing agents in zeolite synthesis. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2021; 8:2576-2583. [PMID: 34870303 DOI: 10.1039/d1mh00733e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In inorganic zeolite formation, a direct correspondence between liquid state species in the synthesis and the supramolecular decoration of the pores in the as-made final zeolite has never been reported. In this paper, a direct link between the sodium speciation in the synthesis mixture and the pore structure and content of the final zeolite is demonstrated in the example of hydroxysodalite. Super-ions with 4 sodium cations bound by mono- and bihydrated hydroxide are identified as structure-directing agents for the formation of this zeolite. This documentation of inorganic solution species acting as a templating agent in zeolite formation opens new horizons for zeolite synthesis by design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karel Asselman
- COK-Kat, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium.
| | - Nick Pellens
- COK-Kat, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium.
| | - Sambhu Radhakrishnan
- COK-Kat, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium.
- NMRCoRe, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - C Vinod Chandran
- COK-Kat, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium.
- NMRCoRe, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Johan A Martens
- COK-Kat, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium.
- NMRCoRe, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Francis Taulelle
- COK-Kat, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium.
- NMRCoRe, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Toon Verstraelen
- Center for Molecular Modelling (CMM), Ghent University, Technologiepark 903, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Matti Hellström
- Software for Chemistry and Materials B.V., 1081HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eric Breynaert
- COK-Kat, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium.
- NMRCoRe, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
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5
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Jo D, Zhang Y, Lee JH, Mayoral A, Shin J, Kang NY, Park Y, Hong SB. An Aluminosilicate Zeolite Containing Rings of Tetrahedral Atoms with All Odd Numbers from Five to Eleven. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202015483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Donghui Jo
- Center for Ordered Nanoporous Materials Synthesis Division of Environmental Science and Engineering POSTECH Pohang 37673 Korea
- Present address: Center for Convergent Chemical Process Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology Daejeon 34114 Korea
| | - Yaping Zhang
- Centre for High-Resolution Electron Microscopy (CħEM) School of Physical Science and Technology ShanghaiTech University Shanghai 201210 China
| | - Jeong Hwan Lee
- Center for Ordered Nanoporous Materials Synthesis Division of Environmental Science and Engineering POSTECH Pohang 37673 Korea
| | - Alvaro Mayoral
- Centre for High-Resolution Electron Microscopy (CħEM) School of Physical Science and Technology ShanghaiTech University Shanghai 201210 China
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragon (INMA), CSIC Universidad de Zaragoza 12, Calle de Pedro Cerbuna 50009 Zaragoza Spain
- Laboratorio de Microscopias Avanzadas Universidad de Zaragoza Mariano Esquillor Edificio I+D 50018 Zaragoza Spain
| | - Jiho Shin
- Center for Convergent Chemical Process Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology Daejeon 34114 Korea
| | - Na Young Kang
- Center for Convergent Chemical Process Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology Daejeon 34114 Korea
| | - Yong‐Ki Park
- Center for Convergent Chemical Process Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology Daejeon 34114 Korea
| | - Suk Bong Hong
- Center for Ordered Nanoporous Materials Synthesis Division of Environmental Science and Engineering POSTECH Pohang 37673 Korea
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6
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Jo D, Zhang Y, Lee JH, Mayoral A, Shin J, Kang NY, Park YK, Hong SB. An Aluminosilicate Zeolite Containing Rings of Tetrahedral Atoms with All Odd Numbers from Five to Eleven. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:5936-5940. [PMID: 33319445 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202015483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Herein we report the synthesis, structure solution, and catalytic properties of PST-31, which has an unprecedented framework topology. This high-silica (Si/Al=16) zeolite was synthesized using a pyrazolium-based dication with a tetramethylene linker as an organic structure-directing agent (OSDA) in hydroxide media. The PST-31 structure is built from new building layers containing four-, five-, six-, and seven-membered rings, which are connected by single four-membered rings in the interlayer region to form a two-dimensional pore system. Its channels consist of [4.56 .6.9.11] and [5.6.7.9.10.11] cavities and are thus delimited by nine-, ten-, and eleven-membered rings. The OSDA cations in as-synthesized PST-31 were determined to reside without disorder in the large [42 .514 .64 .72 .94 ] cavities composed of smaller [4.56 .6.9.11] and [5.6.7.9.10.11] ones, leading to a symmetry coincidence between the OSDA and the surrounding zeolite cavity. The proton form of PST-31 was found to be selective for the cracking of n-hexane to light olefins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghui Jo
- Center for Ordered Nanoporous Materials Synthesis, Division of Environmental Science and Engineering, POSTECH, Pohang, 37673, Korea.,Present address: Center for Convergent Chemical Process, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, 34114, Korea
| | - Yaping Zhang
- Centre for High-Resolution Electron Microscopy (CħEM), School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Jeong Hwan Lee
- Center for Ordered Nanoporous Materials Synthesis, Division of Environmental Science and Engineering, POSTECH, Pohang, 37673, Korea
| | - Alvaro Mayoral
- Centre for High-Resolution Electron Microscopy (CħEM), School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China.,Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragon (INMA), CSIC, Universidad de Zaragoza, 12, Calle de Pedro Cerbuna, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain.,Laboratorio de Microscopias Avanzadas, Universidad de Zaragoza, Mariano Esquillor Edificio I+D, 50018, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jiho Shin
- Center for Convergent Chemical Process, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, 34114, Korea
| | - Na Young Kang
- Center for Convergent Chemical Process, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, 34114, Korea
| | - Yong-Ki Park
- Center for Convergent Chemical Process, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, 34114, Korea
| | - Suk Bong Hong
- Center for Ordered Nanoporous Materials Synthesis, Division of Environmental Science and Engineering, POSTECH, Pohang, 37673, Korea
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7
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Jo D, Zhao J, Cho J, Lee JH, Liu Y, Liu CJ, Zou X, Hong SB. PST-24: A Zeolite with Varying Intracrystalline Channel Dimensionality. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:17691-17696. [PMID: 32609403 PMCID: PMC7540362 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202007804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Herein we report the synthesis, structure solution, and catalytic properties of PST‐24, a novel channel‐based medium‐pore zeolite. This zeolite was synthesized via the excess fluoride approach. Electron diffraction shows that its structure is built by composite cas‐zigzag (cas‐zz) building chains, which are connected by double 5‐ring (d5r) columns. While the cas‐zz building chains are ordered in the PST‐24 framework, the d5r columns adopt one of two possible arrangements; the two adjacent d5r columns are either at the same height or at different heights, denoted arrangements S and D, which can be regarded as open and closed valves that connect the channels, respectively. A framework with arrangement D only has a 2D 10‐ring channel system, whereas that with arrangement S only contains 3D channels. In actual PST‐24 crystals, the open and closed valves are almost randomly dispersed to yield a zeolite framework where the channel dimensionality varies locally from 2D to 3D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghui Jo
- Center for Ordered Nanoporous Materials Synthesis, Division of Environmental Science and Engineering, POSTECH, Pohang, 37673, Korea
| | - Jingjing Zhao
- Berzelii Center EXSELENT on Porous Materials, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jung Cho
- Berzelii Center EXSELENT on Porous Materials, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jeong Hwan Lee
- Center for Ordered Nanoporous Materials Synthesis, Division of Environmental Science and Engineering, POSTECH, Pohang, 37673, Korea
| | - Yang Liu
- Center for Ordered Nanoporous Materials Synthesis, Division of Environmental Science and Engineering, POSTECH, Pohang, 37673, Korea.,Co-Innovation Center of Chemical Science & Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Chang-Jun Liu
- Co-Innovation Center of Chemical Science & Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Xiaodong Zou
- Berzelii Center EXSELENT on Porous Materials, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Suk Bong Hong
- Center for Ordered Nanoporous Materials Synthesis, Division of Environmental Science and Engineering, POSTECH, Pohang, 37673, Korea
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8
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Jo D, Zhao J, Cho J, Lee JH, Liu Y, Liu C, Zou X, Hong SB. PST‐24: A Zeolite with Varying Intracrystalline Channel Dimensionality. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202007804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Donghui Jo
- Center for Ordered Nanoporous Materials Synthesis Division of Environmental Science and Engineering POSTECH Pohang 37673 Korea
| | - Jingjing Zhao
- Berzelii Center EXSELENT on Porous Materials Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry Stockholm University 106 91 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Jung Cho
- Berzelii Center EXSELENT on Porous Materials Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry Stockholm University 106 91 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Jeong Hwan Lee
- Center for Ordered Nanoporous Materials Synthesis Division of Environmental Science and Engineering POSTECH Pohang 37673 Korea
| | - Yang Liu
- Center for Ordered Nanoporous Materials Synthesis Division of Environmental Science and Engineering POSTECH Pohang 37673 Korea
- Co-Innovation Center of Chemical Science & Engineering School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Chang‐jun Liu
- Co-Innovation Center of Chemical Science & Engineering School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Xiaodong Zou
- Berzelii Center EXSELENT on Porous Materials Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry Stockholm University 106 91 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Suk Bong Hong
- Center for Ordered Nanoporous Materials Synthesis Division of Environmental Science and Engineering POSTECH Pohang 37673 Korea
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