1
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Nippa DF, Atz K, Müller AT, Wolfard J, Isert C, Binder M, Scheidegger O, Konrad DB, Grether U, Martin RE, Schneider G. Identifying opportunities for late-stage C-H alkylation with high-throughput experimentation and in silico reaction screening. Commun Chem 2023; 6:256. [PMID: 37985850 PMCID: PMC10661846 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-023-01047-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Enhancing the properties of advanced drug candidates is aided by the direct incorporation of specific chemical groups, avoiding the need to construct the entire compound from the ground up. Nevertheless, their chemical intricacy often poses challenges in predicting reactivity for C-H activation reactions and planning their synthesis. We adopted a reaction screening approach that combines high-throughput experimentation (HTE) at a nanomolar scale with computational graph neural networks (GNNs). This approach aims to identify suitable substrates for late-stage C-H alkylation using Minisci-type chemistry. GNNs were trained using experimentally generated reactions derived from in-house HTE and literature data. These trained models were then used to predict, in a forward-looking manner, the coupling of 3180 advanced heterocyclic building blocks with a diverse set of sp3-rich carboxylic acids. This predictive approach aimed to explore the substrate landscape for Minisci-type alkylations. Promising candidates were chosen, their production was scaled up, and they were subsequently isolated and characterized. This process led to the creation of 30 novel, functionally modified molecules that hold potential for further refinement. These results positively advocate the application of HTE-based machine learning to virtual reaction screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- David F Nippa
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Kenneth Atz
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alex T Müller
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jens Wolfard
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Clemens Isert
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Binder
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Scheidegger
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070, Basel, Switzerland
| | - David B Konrad
- Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5, 81377, Munich, Germany.
| | - Uwe Grether
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Rainer E Martin
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Gisbert Schneider
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland.
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2
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Thakur A, Gupta SS, Dhiman AK, Sharma U. Photoredox Minisci-Type Hydroxyfluoroalkylation of Isoquinolines with N-Trifluoroethoxyphthalimide. J Org Chem 2023; 88:2314-2321. [PMID: 36705295 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
A straightforward photocatalytic approach has been demonstrated to incorporate a trifluoroethanol unit onto the isoquinolines. Herein, we report N-trifluoroethoxyphthalimide as a hydroxyfluoroalkyl radical precursor, enabling efficient synthesis of trifluoroethanol-substituted heteroarenes. Radical quenching experiments confirmed the involvement of a free-radical pathway under developed photocatalytic conditions. The DFT calculations confirmed the intramolecular 1,2-HAT reactivity of the O-centered trifluoroethoxy radical (generated from N-trifluoroethoxyphthalimide under photocatalytic condition) to the C-centered trifluoroethanol radical. Fluorescence quenching studies suggested that isoquinoline was responsible for the quenching of Ir-photocatalyst emission. A catalytic cycle involving trifluoroethanol radical reaction with isoquinolines has been proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Thakur
- Chemical Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource and Technology, Palampur 176061, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Shiv Shankar Gupta
- Chemical Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource and Technology, Palampur 176061, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Ankit Kumar Dhiman
- Chemical Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource and Technology, Palampur 176061, India
| | - Upendra Sharma
- Chemical Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource and Technology, Palampur 176061, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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3
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Colgan AC, Proctor RSJ, Gibson DC, Chuentragool P, Lahdenperä ASK, Ermanis K, Phipps RJ. Hydrogen Atom Transfer Driven Enantioselective Minisci Reaction of Alcohols. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202200266. [PMID: 35420220 PMCID: PMC9321721 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202200266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Catalytic enantioselective Minisci reactions have recently been developed but all instances so far utilize α-amino radical coupling partners. We report a substantial evolution of the enantioselective Minisci reaction that enables α-hydroxy radicals to be used, providing valuable enantioenriched secondary alcohol products. This is achieved through the direct oxidative coupling of two C-H bonds on simple alcohol and pyridine partners through a hydrogen atom transfer (HAT)-driven approach: a challenging process to achieve due to the numerous side reactions that can occur. Our approach is highly regioselective as well as highly enantioselective. Dicumyl peroxide, upon irradiation with 390 nm light, serves as both HAT reagent and oxidant whilst selectivity is controlled by use of a chiral phosphoric acid catalyst. Computational and experimental evidence provide mechanistic insight as to the origin of selectivity, revealing a stereodetermining deprotonation step distinct from the analogous reaction of amide-containing substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avene C Colgan
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Rupert S J Proctor
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - David C Gibson
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Padon Chuentragool
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Antti S K Lahdenperä
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Kristaps Ermanis
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK.,School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Robert J Phipps
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
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4
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Zhao G, Mukherjee U, Zhou L, Wu Y, Yao W, Mauro JN, Liu P, Ngai MY. C2-ketonylation of carbohydrates via excited-state palladium-catalyzed 1,2-spin-center shift. Chem Sci 2022; 13:6276-6282. [PMID: 35733909 PMCID: PMC9159084 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc01042a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
C2-ketonyl-2-deoxysugars, sugars with the C2-hydroxyl group replaced by a ketone side chain, are important carbohydrate mimetics in glycobiology and drug discovery studies; however, their preparation remains a vital challenge in organic synthesis. Here we report the first direct strategy to synthesize this class of glycomimetics from readily available 1-bromosugars and silyl enol ethers via an excited-state palladium-catalyzed 1,2-spin-center shift (SCS) process. This step-economic reaction features broad substrate scope, has a high functional group tolerance, and can be used in late-stage functionalization of natural product- and drug-glycoconjugates. Preliminary experimental and computational mechanistic studies suggested a non-chain radical mechanism involving photoexcited palladium species, a 1,2-SCS process, and a radical Mizoroki-Heck reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaoyuan Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, The State University of New York at Stony Brook Stony Brook New York 11794 USA
| | - Upasana Mukherjee
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, The State University of New York at Stony Brook Stony Brook New York 11794 USA
| | - Lin Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15260 USA
| | - Yue Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15260 USA
| | - Wang Yao
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, The State University of New York at Stony Brook Stony Brook New York 11794 USA
| | - Jaclyn N Mauro
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, The State University of New York at Stony Brook Stony Brook New York 11794 USA
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15260 USA
| | - Ming-Yu Ngai
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, The State University of New York at Stony Brook Stony Brook New York 11794 USA
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5
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Bi H, Zhou Y, Jiang W, Liu J. Electrophotocatalytic C−H Hydroxyalkylation of Heteroaromatics with Aldehydes. Adv Synth Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202200055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huihua Bi
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecular Chemical Biology Hunan University Changsha 410082 People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecular Chemical Biology Hunan University Changsha 410082 People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Jiang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecular Chemical Biology Hunan University Changsha 410082 People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecular Chemical Biology Hunan University Changsha 410082 People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics Hunan University Changsha 410082 People's Republic of China
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6
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Colgan AC, Proctor RSJ, Gibson DC, Chuentragool P, Lahdenpera A, Ermanis K, Phipps RJ. Hydrogen Atom Transfer Driven Enantioselective Minisci Reaction of Alcohols. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202200266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Avene C. Colgan
- University of Cambridge Central Science Library: University of Cambridge Chemistry UNITED KINGDOM
| | | | | | | | - Antti Lahdenpera
- University of Cambridge Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry UNITED KINGDOM
| | | | - Robert J Phipps
- University of Cambridge Department of Chemistry Lensfield Road CB2 1EW Cambridge UNITED KINGDOM
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7
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Yumura T, Nanjo T, Takemoto Y. Boronic Acid‐Mediated Photocatalysis Enables the Intramolecular Hydroacylation of Olefins Using Carboxylic Acids. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Taichi Yumura
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Kyoto University Yoshida, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8501 Japan
| | - Takeshi Nanjo
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Kyoto University Yoshida, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8501 Japan
| | - Yoshiji Takemoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Kyoto University Yoshida, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8501 Japan
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8
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Kemmochi M, Miyamoto Y, Sumida Y, Ohmiya H. Direct Photoexcitation of Borate Enabling Minisci Reaction. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marin Kemmochi
- Division of Pharmaceutical Science Graduate School of Medical Sciences Kanazawa University Kakuma-machi Kanazawa 920-1192 Japan
| | - Yusuke Miyamoto
- Division of Pharmaceutical Science Graduate School of Medical Sciences Kanazawa University Kakuma-machi Kanazawa 920-1192 Japan
| | - Yuto Sumida
- Division of Pharmaceutical Science Graduate School of Medical Sciences Kanazawa University Kakuma-machi Kanazawa 920-1192 Japan
| | - Hirohisa Ohmiya
- Division of Pharmaceutical Science Graduate School of Medical Sciences Kanazawa University Kakuma-machi Kanazawa 920-1192 Japan
- JST, PRESTO 4-1-8 Honcho Kawaguchi Saitama 332-0012 Japan
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9
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Zhang R, Wang J, Jin W, Zhang Y, Wang B, Xia Y, Liu C. Iodine‐Catalyzed Construction of Dihydrooxepines via 3‐Methyl‐5‐Pyrazolones C−H Oxidation/Functionalization of Quinolines Cascade. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rong Zhang
- Urumqi Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis and Synthesis Technology The Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals Ministry of Education & Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region School of Chemistry Xinjiang University Urumqi 830046 P. R. China
| | - Jun Wang
- Urumqi Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis and Synthesis Technology The Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals Ministry of Education & Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region School of Chemistry Xinjiang University Urumqi 830046 P. R. China
| | - Weiwei Jin
- Urumqi Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis and Synthesis Technology The Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals Ministry of Education & Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region School of Chemistry Xinjiang University Urumqi 830046 P. R. China
| | - Yonghong Zhang
- Urumqi Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis and Synthesis Technology The Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals Ministry of Education & Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region School of Chemistry Xinjiang University Urumqi 830046 P. R. China
| | - Bin Wang
- Urumqi Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis and Synthesis Technology The Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals Ministry of Education & Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region School of Chemistry Xinjiang University Urumqi 830046 P. R. China
| | - Yu Xia
- Urumqi Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis and Synthesis Technology The Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals Ministry of Education & Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region School of Chemistry Xinjiang University Urumqi 830046 P. R. China
| | - Chenjiang Liu
- Urumqi Key Laboratory of Green Catalysis and Synthesis Technology The Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals Ministry of Education & Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region School of Chemistry Xinjiang University Urumqi 830046 P. R. China
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10
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Cardinale L, Konev MO, Jacobi von Wangelin A. Photoredox-Catalyzed Addition of Carbamoyl Radicals to Olefins: A 1,4-Dihydropyridine Approach. Chemistry 2020; 26:8239-8243. [PMID: 32428293 PMCID: PMC7384035 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Functionalization with C1-building blocks are key synthetic methods in organic synthesis. The low reactivity of the most abundant C1 -molecule, carbon dioxide, makes alternative carboxylation reactions with CO2 -surrogates especially important. We report a photoredox-catalyzed protocol for alkene carbamoylations. Readily accessible 4-carboxamido-Hantzsch esters serve as convenient starting materials that generate carbamoyl radicals upon visible light-mediated single-electron transfer. Addition to various alkenes proceeded with high levels of regio- and chemoselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Cardinale
- Dept. of ChemistryUniversity of HamburgMartin Luther King Pl 620146HamburgGermany
| | - Mikhail O. Konev
- Dept. of ChemistryUniversity of HamburgMartin Luther King Pl 620146HamburgGermany
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11
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Liu Q, Wang Q, Xie G, Fang Z, Ding S, Wang X. Metal-Free Direct C-H β-Carbonyl Alkylation of Heteroarenes with Cyclopropanols Mediated by K2
S2
O8. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; School of Environment and Civil Engineering; Dongguan University of Technology; 523808 Dongguan P. R. China
- Department of Applied Chemistry; School of Science; Xi'an Jiaotong University; 710049 Xi'an P. R. China
| | - Qiang Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; School of Environment and Civil Engineering; Dongguan University of Technology; 523808 Dongguan P. R. China
- Department of Applied Chemistry; School of Science; Xi'an Jiaotong University; 710049 Xi'an P. R. China
| | - Guanqun Xie
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; School of Environment and Civil Engineering; Dongguan University of Technology; 523808 Dongguan P. R. China
| | - Zeyang Fang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; School of Environment and Civil Engineering; Dongguan University of Technology; 523808 Dongguan P. R. China
| | - Shujiang Ding
- Department of Applied Chemistry; School of Science; Xi'an Jiaotong University; 710049 Xi'an P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxia Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; School of Environment and Civil Engineering; Dongguan University of Technology; 523808 Dongguan P. R. China
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12
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Alandini N, Buzzetti L, Favi G, Schulte T, Candish L, Collins KD, Melchiorre P. Amide Synthesis by Nickel/Photoredox‐Catalyzed Direct Carbamoylation of (Hetero)Aryl Bromides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202000224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nurtalya Alandini
- ICIQ – Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Avenida Països Catalans 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Luca Buzzetti
- ICIQ – Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Avenida Països Catalans 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Gianfranco Favi
- Department of Biomolecular SciencesUniversity of Urbino “Carlo Bo” via I. Maggetti 24 61029 Urbino Italy
| | - Tim Schulte
- Small Molecule InnovationsBayer AGPharmaceuticals Aprather Weg 18a 42113 Wuppertal Germany
| | - Lisa Candish
- Small Molecule InnovationsBayer AGPharmaceuticals Aprather Weg 18a 42113 Wuppertal Germany
| | - Karl D. Collins
- Small Molecule InnovationsBayer AGPharmaceuticals Aprather Weg 18a 42113 Wuppertal Germany
| | - Paolo Melchiorre
- ICREA Passeig Lluís Companys 23 08010 Barcelona Spain
- ICIQ – Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Avenida Països Catalans 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
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13
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Alandini N, Buzzetti L, Favi G, Schulte T, Candish L, Collins KD, Melchiorre P. Amide Synthesis by Nickel/Photoredox-Catalyzed Direct Carbamoylation of (Hetero)Aryl Bromides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:5248-5253. [PMID: 32030865 PMCID: PMC7155093 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202000224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report a one‐electron strategy for catalytic amide synthesis that enables the direct carbamoylation of (hetero)aryl bromides. This radical cross‐coupling approach, which is based on the combination of nickel and photoredox catalysis, proceeds at ambient temperature and uses readily available dihydropyridines as precursors of carbamoyl radicals. The method's mild reaction conditions make it tolerant of sensitive‐functional‐group‐containing substrates and allow the installation of an amide scaffold within biologically relevant heterocycles. In addition, we installed amide functionalities bearing electron‐poor and sterically hindered amine moieties, which would be difficult to prepare with classical dehydrative condensation methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurtalya Alandini
- ICIQ - Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Avenida Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Luca Buzzetti
- ICIQ - Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Avenida Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Gianfranco Favi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino "Carlo Bo", via I. Maggetti 24, 61029, Urbino, Italy
| | - Tim Schulte
- Small Molecule Innovations, Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals, Aprather Weg 18a, 42113, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Lisa Candish
- Small Molecule Innovations, Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals, Aprather Weg 18a, 42113, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Karl D Collins
- Small Molecule Innovations, Bayer AG, Pharmaceuticals, Aprather Weg 18a, 42113, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Paolo Melchiorre
- ICREA, Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain.,ICIQ - Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Avenida Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
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14
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Leitch JA, Rogova T, Duarte F, Dixon DJ. Dearomative Photocatalytic Construction of Bridged 1,3‐Diazepanes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:4121-4130. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201914390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jamie A. Leitch
- Department of Chemistry Chemical Research Laboratory University of Oxford 12 Mansfield Road Oxford UK
| | - Tatiana Rogova
- Department of Chemistry Chemical Research Laboratory University of Oxford 12 Mansfield Road Oxford UK
| | - Fernanda Duarte
- Department of Chemistry Chemical Research Laboratory University of Oxford 12 Mansfield Road Oxford UK
| | - Darren J. Dixon
- Department of Chemistry Chemical Research Laboratory University of Oxford 12 Mansfield Road Oxford UK
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15
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Leitch JA, Rogova T, Duarte F, Dixon DJ. Dearomative Photocatalytic Construction of Bridged 1,3‐Diazepanes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201914390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jamie A. Leitch
- Department of Chemistry Chemical Research Laboratory University of Oxford 12 Mansfield Road Oxford UK
| | - Tatiana Rogova
- Department of Chemistry Chemical Research Laboratory University of Oxford 12 Mansfield Road Oxford UK
| | - Fernanda Duarte
- Department of Chemistry Chemical Research Laboratory University of Oxford 12 Mansfield Road Oxford UK
| | - Darren J. Dixon
- Department of Chemistry Chemical Research Laboratory University of Oxford 12 Mansfield Road Oxford UK
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