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Bhirud D, Bhattacharya S, Prajapati BG. Bioengineered carbohydrate polymers for colon-specific drug release: Current trends and future prospects. J Biomed Mater Res A 2024; 112:1860-1872. [PMID: 38721841 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024]
Abstract
The worldwide health burden of colorectal cancer is still substantial, and traditional chemotherapeutic drugs sometimes have poor selectivity, which can result in systemic toxicity and unfavorable side effects. For colon-specific medication delivery, bioengineered carbohydrate polymers have shown promise as carriers. They may enhance treatment effectiveness while minimizing systemic exposure and associated side effects. The unique properties of these manufactured or naturally occurring biopolymers, such as hyaluronic acid, chitosan, alginate, and pectin, enable targeted medicine release. These qualities can be changed to meet the physiological needs of the colon. In the context of colorectal cancer therapy, this article provides a comprehensive overview of current developments and prospective future directions in the field of bioengineered carbohydrate polymer synthesis for colon-specific drug delivery. We discuss numerous techniques for achieving colon-targeted drug release, including enzyme-sensitive polymers, pH-responsive devices, and microbiota-activated processes. To increase tumor selectivity and cellular uptake, we also examine the inclusion of active targeting approaches, such as conjugating specific ligands. Furthermore, we discuss the potential of combination treatment strategies, which use the coadministration of numerous therapeutic medications to target multiple pathways implicated in cancer growth and address drug resistance mechanisms. We address recent biomimetic advances that potentially improve the biocompatibility, cellular uptake, and tumor penetration of carbohydrate polymer-based nanocarriers. These methods involve protein corona engineering and cell membrane coating. Furthermore, we look at the possibility of intelligent and sensitive systems that may adjust their behaviors in response to certain inputs or feedback loops, allowing for precise and regulated drug distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darshan Bhirud
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS Deemed-to-be University, Shirpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sankha Bhattacharya
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS Deemed-to-be University, Shirpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Bhupendra G Prajapati
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shree S.K. Patel College of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Mehsana, Gujarat, India
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2
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Raj S, Unsworth LD. Targeting active sites of inflammation using inherent properties of tissue-resident mast cells. Acta Biomater 2023; 159:21-37. [PMID: 36657696 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Mast cells play a pivotal role in initiating and directing host's immune response. They reside in tissues that primarily interface with the external environment. Activated mast cells respond to environmental cues throughout acute and chronic inflammation through releasing immune mediators via rapid degranulation, or long-term de novo expression. Mast cell activation results in the rapid release of a variety of unique enzymes and reactive oxygen species. Furthermore, the increased density of mast cell unique receptors like mas related G protein-coupled receptor X2 also characterizes the inflamed tissues. The presence of these molecules (either released mediators or surface receptors) are particular to the sites of active inflammation, and are a result of mast cell activation. Herein, the molecular design principles for capitalizing on these novel mast cell properties is discussed with the goal of manipulating localized inflammation. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Mast cells are immune regulating cells that play a crucial role in both innate and adaptive immune responses. The activation of mast cells causes the release of multiple unique profiles of biomolecules, which are specific to both tissue and disease. These unique characteristics are tightly regulated and afford a localized stimulus for targeting inflammatory diseases. Herein, these important mast cell attributes are discussed in the frame of highlighting strategies for the design of bioresponsive functional materials to target regions of inflammations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shammy Raj
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Donadeo Innovation Centre for Engineering, 9211-116 Street NW, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G1H9, Canada
| | - Larry D Unsworth
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Donadeo Innovation Centre for Engineering, 9211-116 Street NW, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G1H9, Canada.
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3
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Moud AA. Fluorescence Recovery after Photobleaching in Colloidal Science: Introduction and Application. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:1028-1048. [PMID: 35201752 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c01422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
FRAP (fluorescence recovery after photo bleaching) is a method for determining diffusion in material science. In industrial applications such as medications, foods, Medtech, hygiene, and textiles, the diffusion process has a substantial influence on the overall qualities of goods. All these complex and heterogeneous systems have diffusion-based processes at the local level. FRAP is a fluorescence-based approach for detecting diffusion; in this method, a high-intensity laser is made for a brief period and then applied to the samples, bleaching the fluorescent chemical inside the region, which is subsequently filled up by natural diffusion. This brief Review will focus on the existing research on employing FRAP to measure colloidal system heterogeneity and explore diffusion into complicated structures. This description of FRAP will be followed by a discussion of how FRAP is intended to be used in colloidal science. When constructing the current Review, the most recent publications were reviewed for this assessment. Because of the large number of FRAP articles in colloidal research, there is currently a dearth of knowledge regarding the growth of FRAP's significance to colloidal science. Colloids make up only 2% of FRAP papers, according to ISI Web of Knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aref Abbasi Moud
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
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McGuire TM, Bowles J, Deane E, Farrar EHE, Grayson MN, Buchard A. Control of Crystallinity and Stereocomplexation of Synthetic Carbohydrate Polymers from
d
‐ and
l
‐Xylose. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202013562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M. McGuire
- Department of Chemistry University of Bath Centre for Sustainable and Circular Technologies Claverton Down Bath BA2 7AY UK
| | - Jessica Bowles
- Department of Chemistry University of Bath Centre for Sustainable and Circular Technologies Claverton Down Bath BA2 7AY UK
| | - Edward Deane
- Department of Chemistry University of Bath Centre for Sustainable and Circular Technologies Claverton Down Bath BA2 7AY UK
| | - Elliot H. E. Farrar
- Department of Chemistry University of Bath Centre for Sustainable and Circular Technologies Claverton Down Bath BA2 7AY UK
| | - Matthew N. Grayson
- Department of Chemistry University of Bath Centre for Sustainable and Circular Technologies Claverton Down Bath BA2 7AY UK
| | - Antoine Buchard
- Department of Chemistry University of Bath Centre for Sustainable and Circular Technologies Claverton Down Bath BA2 7AY UK
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5
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McGuire TM, Bowles J, Deane E, Farrar EHE, Grayson MN, Buchard A. Control of Crystallinity and Stereocomplexation of Synthetic Carbohydrate Polymers from d- and l-Xylose. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:4524-4528. [PMID: 33225519 PMCID: PMC7986207 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202013562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Manipulating the stereochemistry of polymers is a powerful method to alter their physical properties. Despite the chirality of monosaccharides, reports on the impact of stereochemistry in natural polysaccharides and synthetic carbohydrate polymers remain absent. Herein, we report the cocrystallisation of regio- and stereoregular polyethers derived from d- and l-xylose, leading to enhanced thermal properties compared to the enantiopure polymers. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first example of a stereocomplex between carbohydrate polymers of opposite chirality. In contrast, atactic polymers obtained from a racemic mixture of monomers are amorphous. We also show that the polymer hydroxyl groups are amenable to post-polymerisation functionalization. These strategies afford a family of carbohydrate polyethers, the physical and chemical properties of which can both be controlled, and which opens new possibilities for polysaccharide mimics in biomedical applications or as advanced materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M. McGuire
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of BathCentre for Sustainable and Circular TechnologiesClaverton DownBathBA2 7AYUK
| | - Jessica Bowles
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of BathCentre for Sustainable and Circular TechnologiesClaverton DownBathBA2 7AYUK
| | - Edward Deane
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of BathCentre for Sustainable and Circular TechnologiesClaverton DownBathBA2 7AYUK
| | - Elliot H. E. Farrar
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of BathCentre for Sustainable and Circular TechnologiesClaverton DownBathBA2 7AYUK
| | - Matthew N. Grayson
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of BathCentre for Sustainable and Circular TechnologiesClaverton DownBathBA2 7AYUK
| | - Antoine Buchard
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of BathCentre for Sustainable and Circular TechnologiesClaverton DownBathBA2 7AYUK
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Tao D, Gu Y, Song S, Nguyen EP, Cheng J, Yuan Q, Pan H, Jaffrezic-Renault N, Guo Z. Ultrasensitive detection of alpha-synuclein oligomer using a PolyD-glucosamine/gold nanoparticle/carbon-based nanomaterials modified electrochemical immunosensor in human plasma. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Maiti S, Manna S, Banahene N, Pham L, Liang Z, Wang J, Xu Y, Bettinger R, Zientko J, Esser‐Kahn AP, Du W. From Glucose to Polymers: A Continuous Chemoenzymatic Process. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202006468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sampa Maiti
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Science of Advanced Materials Central Michigan University Mount Pleasant MI 48859 USA
| | - Saikat Manna
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering The University of Chicago Chicago IL 60637 USA
| | - Nicholas Banahene
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Science of Advanced Materials Central Michigan University Mount Pleasant MI 48859 USA
| | - Lucynda Pham
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Science of Advanced Materials Central Michigan University Mount Pleasant MI 48859 USA
| | - Zhijie Liang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Science of Advanced Materials Central Michigan University Mount Pleasant MI 48859 USA
- Current address: Department of Wound Repair Surgery The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University & The First People's Hospital of Nanning Nanning 530000 China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Science of Advanced Materials Central Michigan University Mount Pleasant MI 48859 USA
| | - Yi Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Science of Advanced Materials Central Michigan University Mount Pleasant MI 48859 USA
| | - Reuben Bettinger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Science of Advanced Materials Central Michigan University Mount Pleasant MI 48859 USA
| | - John Zientko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Science of Advanced Materials Central Michigan University Mount Pleasant MI 48859 USA
| | - Aaron P. Esser‐Kahn
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering The University of Chicago Chicago IL 60637 USA
| | - Wenjun Du
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Science of Advanced Materials Central Michigan University Mount Pleasant MI 48859 USA
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Maiti S, Manna S, Banahene N, Pham L, Liang Z, Wang J, Xu Y, Bettinger R, Zientko J, Esser-Kahn AP, Du W. From Glucose to Polymers: A Continuous Chemoenzymatic Process. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:18943-18947. [PMID: 33448568 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202006468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Efforts to synthesize degradable polymers from renewable resources are deterred by technical and economic challenges; especially, the conversion of natural building blocks into polymerizable monomers is inefficient, requiring multistep synthesis and chromatographic purification. Herein we report a chemoenzymatic process to address these challenges. An enzymatic reaction system was designed that allows for regioselective functional group transformation, efficiently converting glucose into a polymerizable monomer in quantitative yield, thus removing the need for chromatographic purification. With this key success, we further designed a continuous, three-step process, which enabled the synthesis of a sugar polymer, sugar poly(orthoester), directly from glucose in high yield (73 % from glucose). This work may provide a proof-of-concept in developing technically and economically viable approaches to address the many issues associated with current petroleum-based polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sampa Maiti
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Science of Advanced Materials, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, 48859, USA
| | - Saikat Manna
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Nicholas Banahene
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Science of Advanced Materials, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, 48859, USA
| | - Lucynda Pham
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Science of Advanced Materials, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, 48859, USA
| | - Zhijie Liang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Science of Advanced Materials, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, 48859, USA.,Current address: Department of Wound Repair Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University & The First People's Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, 530000, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Science of Advanced Materials, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, 48859, USA
| | - Yi Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Science of Advanced Materials, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, 48859, USA
| | - Reuben Bettinger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Science of Advanced Materials, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, 48859, USA
| | - John Zientko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Science of Advanced Materials, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, 48859, USA
| | - Aaron P Esser-Kahn
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Wenjun Du
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Science of Advanced Materials, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, 48859, USA
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