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Du X, Zhai J, Li X, Zhang Y, Li N, Xie X. Hydrogel-Based Optical Ion Sensors: Principles and Challenges for Point-of-Care Testing and Environmental Monitoring. ACS Sens 2021; 6:1990-2001. [PMID: 34044533 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.1c00756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogel is a unique family of biocompatible materials with growing applications in chemical and biological sensors. During the past few decades, various hydrogel-based optical ion sensors have been developed aiming at point-of-care testing and environmental monitoring. In this Perspective, we provide an overview of the research field including topics such as photonic crystals, DNAzyme cross-linked hydrogels, ionophore-based ion sensing hydrogels, and fluoroionophore-based optodes. As the different sensing principles are summarized, each strategy offers its advantages and limitations. In a nutshell, developing optical ion sensing hydrogels is still in the early stage with many opportunities lying ahead, especially with challenges in selectivity, assay time, detection limit, and usability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinfeng Du
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jingying Zhai
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xiaoang Li
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yupu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Niping Li
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xiaojiang Xie
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
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Dai Y, Xu W, Somoza RA, Welter JF, Caplan AI, Liu CC. An Integrated Multi‐Function Heterogeneous Biochemical Circuit for High‐Resolution Electrochemistry‐Based Genetic Analysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202010648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Dai
- Electronics Design Center Case Western Reserve University Cleveland OH 44106 USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Duke University Durham NC 27708 USA
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Case Western Reserve University Cleveland OH 44106 USA
| | - Rodrigo A. Somoza
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Case Western Reserve University Cleveland OH 44106 USA
- Skeletal Research Center & Center for Multimodal Evaluation of Engineered Cartilage Department of Biology Case Western Reserve University Cleveland OH 44106 USA
| | - Jean F. Welter
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Case Western Reserve University Cleveland OH 44106 USA
- Skeletal Research Center & Center for Multimodal Evaluation of Engineered Cartilage Department of Biology Case Western Reserve University Cleveland OH 44106 USA
| | - Arnold I. Caplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Case Western Reserve University Cleveland OH 44106 USA
- Skeletal Research Center & Center for Multimodal Evaluation of Engineered Cartilage Department of Biology Case Western Reserve University Cleveland OH 44106 USA
| | - Chung Chiun Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Electronics Design Center Case Western Reserve University Cleveland OH 44106 USA
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Dai Y, Xu W, Somoza RA, Welter JF, Caplan AI, Liu CC. An Integrated Multi-Function Heterogeneous Biochemical Circuit for High-Resolution Electrochemistry-Based Genetic Analysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:20545-20551. [PMID: 32835412 PMCID: PMC9306392 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202010648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Modular construction of an autonomous and programmable multi-functional heterogeneous biochemical circuit that can identify, transform, translate, and amplify biological signals into physicochemical signals based on logic design principles can be a powerful means for the development of a variety of biotechnologies. To explore the conceptual validity, we design a CRISPR-array-mediated primer-exchange-reaction-based biochemical circuit cascade, which probes a specific biomolecular input, transform the input into a structurally accessible form for circuit wiring, translate the input information into an arbitrary sequence, and finally amplify the prescribed sequence through autonomous formation of a signaling concatemer. This upstream biochemical circuit is further wired with a downstream electrochemical interface, delivering an integrated bioanalytical platform. We program this platform to directly analyze the genome of SARS-CoV-2 in human cell lysate, demonstrating the capability and the utility of this unique integrated system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Dai
- Electronics Design Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Rodrigo A Somoza
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
- Skeletal Research Center & Center for Multimodal Evaluation of Engineered Cartilage, Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Jean F Welter
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
- Skeletal Research Center & Center for Multimodal Evaluation of Engineered Cartilage, Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Arnold I Caplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
- Skeletal Research Center & Center for Multimodal Evaluation of Engineered Cartilage, Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Chung Chiun Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Electronics Design Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
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