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Kumar G, Engle K. Natural products acting against S. aureus through membrane and cell wall disruption. Nat Prod Rep 2023; 40:1608-1646. [PMID: 37326041 DOI: 10.1039/d2np00084a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Covering: 2015 to 2022Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is responsible for several community and hospital-acquired infections with life-threatening complications such as bacteraemia, endocarditis, meningitis, liver abscess, and spinal cord epidural abscess. In recent decades, the abuse and misuse of antibiotics in humans, animals, plants, and fungi and the treatment of nonmicrobial diseases have led to the rapid emergence of multidrug-resistant pathogens. The bacterial wall is a complex structure consisting of the cell membrane, peptidoglycan cell wall, and various associated polymers. The enzymes involved in bacterial cell wall synthesis are established antibiotic targets and continue to be a central focus for antibiotic development. Natural products play a vital role in drug discovery and development. Importantly, natural products provide a starting point for active/lead compounds that sometimes need modification based on structural and biological properties to meet the drug criteria. Notably, microorganisms and plant metabolites have contributed as antibiotics for noninfectious diseases. In this study, we have summarized the recent advances in understanding the activity of the drugs or agents of natural origin that directly inhibit the bacterial membrane, membrane components, and membrane biosynthetic enzymes by targeting membrane-embedded proteins. We also discussed the unique aspects of the active mechanisms of established antibiotics or new agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gautam Kumar
- Department of Natural Products, Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Balanagar, 500037, India.
| | - Kritika Engle
- Department of Natural Products, Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Balanagar, 500037, India.
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Kumar G, Kiran Tudu A. Tackling multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus by natural products and their analogues acting as NorA efflux pump inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2023; 80:117187. [PMID: 36731248 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2023.117187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a pathogen responsible for various community and hospital-acquired infections with life-threatening complications like bacteraemia, endocarditis, meningitis, liver abscess, and spinal cord epidural abscess. Antibiotics have been used to treat microbial infections since the introduction of penicillin in 1940. In recent decades, the abuse and misuse of antibiotics in humans, animals, plants, and fungi, including the treatment of non-microbial diseases, have led to the rapid emergence of multidrug-resistant pathogens with increased virulence. Bacteria have developed several complementary mechanisms to avoid the effects of antibiotics. These mechanisms include chemical transformations and enzymatic inactivation of antibiotics, modification of antibiotics' target site, and reduction of intracellular antibiotics concentration by changes in membrane permeability or by the overexpression of efflux pumps (EPs). The strategy to check antibiotic resistance includes synthesis of the antibiotic analogues, or antibiotics are given in combination with the adjuvant. The inhibitors of multidrug EPs are considered promising alternative therapeutic options with the potential to revive the effects of antibiotics and reduce bacterial virulence. Natural products played a vital role in drug discovery and significantly contributed to the area of infectious diseases. Also, natural products provide lead compounds that sometimes need modification based on structural and biological properties to meet the drug criteria. This review discusses natural products and their derived compounds as NorA efflux pump inhibitors (EPIs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gautam Kumar
- Department of Natural Products, Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Balanagar, Telangana 500037, India.
| | - Asha Kiran Tudu
- Department of Natural Products, Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Balanagar, Telangana 500037, India
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Maltarollo VG, Shevchenko E, Lima IDDM, Cino EA, Ferreira GM, Poso A, Kronenberger T. Do Go Chasing Waterfalls: Enoyl Reductase (FabI) in Complex with Inhibitors Stabilizes the Tetrameric Structure and Opens Water Channels. J Chem Inf Model 2022; 62:5746-5761. [PMID: 36343333 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.2c01178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The enzyme enoyl-ACP reductase (FabI) is the limiting step of the membrane's fatty acid biosynthesis in bacteria and a druggable target for novel antibacterial agents. The FabI active form is a homotetramer, which displays the highest affinity to inhibitors. Herein, molecular dynamics studies were carried out using the structure of FabI in complex with known inhibitors to investigate their effects on tetramerization. Our results suggest that multimerization is essential for the integrity of the catalytic site and that inhibitor binding enables the multimerization by stabilizing the substrate binding loop (SBL, L:195-200) coupled with changes in the H4/5 (QR interface). We also observed that AFN-1252 (naphtpyridinone derivative) promotes unique conformational changes affecting monomer-monomer interfaces. These changes are induced by AFN-1252 interaction with key residues in the binding sites (Ala95, Tyr146, and Tyr156). In addition, the analysis of water trajectories indicated that AFN-1252 complexes allow more water molecules to enter the binding site than triclosan and MUT056399 complexes. FabI-AFN-1252 simulations show accumulation of water molecules near the Tyr146/147 pocket, which can become a hotspot to the design of novel FabI inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinicius Gonçalves Maltarollo
- Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ekaterina Shevchenko
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry and Tübingen Center for Academic Drug Discovery, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Oncology and Pneumonology, Internal Medicine VIII, University Hospital Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Straße 10, DE72076 Tübingen, Germany.,Tübingen Center for Academic Drug Discovery & Development (TüCAD2), 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Igor Daniel de Miranda Lima
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Elio A Cino
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Glaucio Monteiro Ferreira
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Av Prof Lineu Prestes 580, 05508-000 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antti Poso
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry and Tübingen Center for Academic Drug Discovery, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Oncology and Pneumonology, Internal Medicine VIII, University Hospital Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Straße 10, DE72076 Tübingen, Germany.,Tübingen Center for Academic Drug Discovery & Development (TüCAD2), 72076 Tübingen, Germany.,School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Thales Kronenberger
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry and Tübingen Center for Academic Drug Discovery, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Oncology and Pneumonology, Internal Medicine VIII, University Hospital Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Straße 10, DE72076 Tübingen, Germany.,Tübingen Center for Academic Drug Discovery & Development (TüCAD2), 72076 Tübingen, Germany.,School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
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Ikram M, Rasheed F, Haider A, Naz S, Ul-Hamid A, Shahzadi A, Haider J, Shahzadi I, Hayat S, Ali S. Photocatalytic and antibacterial activity of graphene oxide/cellulose-doped TiO 2 quantum dots: in silico molecular docking studies. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2022; 4:3764-3776. [PMID: 36133332 PMCID: PMC9470022 DOI: 10.1039/d2na00383j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO) and cellulose nanocrystal (CNC)-doped TiO2 quantum dots (QDs) were effectively synthesized by employing the co-precipitation method for the degradation of dyes and antimicrobial applications. A series of characterizations, i.e., XRD, FTIR, UV-visible spectroscopy, EDS, FE-SEM, and HR-TEM, was used to characterize the prepared samples. A reduction in PL intensity was observed, while the band gap energy (E g) decreased from 3.22 to 2.96 eV upon the incorporation of GO/CNC in TiO2. In the Raman spectra, the D and G bands were detected, indicating the presence of graphene oxide in the composites. Upon doping, the crystallinity of TiO2 increased. HR-TEM was employed to estimate the interlayer d-spacing of the nanocomposites, which matched well with the XRD data. The photocatalytic potential of the prepared samples was tested against methylene blue, methylene violet, and ciprofloxacin (MB:MV:CF) when exposed to visible light for a certain period. The antibacterial activity of GO/CNC/TiO2 QDs against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria in vitro was tested to determine their potential for medicinal applications. The molecular docking investigations of CNC-TiO2 and GO/CNC-doped TiO2 against DNA gyrase and FabI from E. coli and S. aureus were found to be consistent with the results of the in vitro bactericidal activity test. We believe that the prepared nanocomposites will be highly efficient for wastewater treatment and antimicrobial activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ikram
- Solar Cell Applications Research Lab, Department of Physics, Government College University Lahore Lahore 54000 Punjab Pakistan
| | - Fahad Rasheed
- Department of Physics, Riphah Institute of Computing and Applied Sciences (RICAS), Riphah International University 14 Ali Road Lahore Pakistan
| | - Ali Haider
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture Multan 6000 Pakistan
| | - Sadia Naz
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Tianjin 300308 China
| | - Anwar Ul-Hamid
- Core Research Facilities, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals Dhahran 31261 Saudi Arabia
| | - Anum Shahzadi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore Lahore Pakistan
| | - Junaid Haider
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Tianjin 300308 China
| | - Iram Shahzadi
- Punjab University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab 54000 Pakistan
| | - Shaukat Hayat
- Department of Physics, Riphah Institute of Computing and Applied Sciences (RICAS), Riphah International University 14 Ali Road Lahore Pakistan
| | - Salamat Ali
- Department of Physics, Riphah Institute of Computing and Applied Sciences (RICAS), Riphah International University 14 Ali Road Lahore Pakistan
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Ali Ahmad SO, Ikram M, Imran M, Naz S, Ul-Hamid A, Haider A, Shahzadi A, Haider J. Novel prism shaped C 3N 4-doped Fe@Co 3O 4 nanocomposites and their dye degradation and bactericidal potential with molecular docking study. RSC Adv 2021; 11:23330-23344. [PMID: 35479824 PMCID: PMC9036615 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra03949k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Novel prism shaped C3N4-doped Fe@Co3O4 nanocomposites were fabricated via a co-precipitation route for effective removal of organic pollutants from water and for bactericidal applications. Doping of C3N4 in the heterojunction significantly enhanced the photocatalytic and sonocatalytic activity against methylene blue ciprofloxacin (MBCF) dye. The main purpose of doping Fe atoms in the cobalt lattice was to generate crystal and surface defects. Moreover, the optimum doping amount of C3N4 for maximum degradation performance was evaluated. A detailed examination of the prepared nanocomposites was carried out systematically using various characterization tools for better understanding. HR-TEM images revealed the formation of novel prism shaped structures that exhibited outstanding degradation of the organic dye in water. Significant bactericidal potential was also observed for the synthesized nanocomposites against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) bacteria. In silico, molecular docking studies against β-lactamase, DHFR and FabI enzymes served to elucidate the mechanism governing the bactericidal activity of the as-synthesized nanoparticles (NPs). Furthermore, a scavenging study by DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) assay and COD (chemical oxygen demand) analysis was performed in order to evaluate active species and the anti-oxidant potential of prepared composites. This study provides new insights into the use of cobalt-based heterojunction photocatalysts for dye degradation and antibacterial applications (a) synthesis mechanism of C3N4 (b) schematic of synthesis route adopted for fabrication of nanocomposites.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Ossama Ali Ahmad
- Solar Cell Application Research Lab, Department of Physics, Government College University Lahore Lahore 54000 Punjab Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ikram
- Solar Cell Application Research Lab, Department of Physics, Government College University Lahore Lahore 54000 Punjab Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing Engineering Center for Hierarchical Catalysts, Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
| | - Sadia Naz
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Tianjin 300308 China
| | - Anwar Ul-Hamid
- Core Research Facilities, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals Dhahran 31261 Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Haider
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Lahore 54000 Punjab Pakistan
| | - Anum Shahzadi
- Punjab University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab Lahore 54000 Pakistan
| | - Junaid Haider
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Tianjin 300308 China
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