1
|
Scheiger JM, Hoffmann M, Falkenstein P, Wang Z, Rutschmann M, Scheiger VW, Grimm A, Urbschat K, Sengpiel T, Matysik J, Wilhelm M, Levkin PA, Theato P. Inverse Vulcanization of Norbornenylsilanes: Soluble Polymers with Controllable Molecular Properties via Siloxane Bonds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202114896. [PMID: 35068039 PMCID: PMC9302686 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202114896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The inverse vulcanization produces high sulfur content polymers from alkenes and elemental sulfur. Control over properties such as the molar mass or the solubility of polymers is not well established, and existing strategies lack predictability or require large variations of the composition. Systematic design principles are sought to allow for a targeted design of materials. Herein, we report on the inverse vulcanization of norbornenylsilanes (NBS), with a different number of hydrolysable groups at the silicon atom. Inverse vulcanization of mixtures of NBS followed by polycondensation yielded soluble high sulfur content copolymers (50 wt % S) with controllable weight average molar mass (MW ), polydispersity (Đ), glass transition temperature (TG ), or zero-shear viscosity (η0 ). Polycondensation was conducted in the melt with HCl as a catalyst, abolishing the need for a solvent. Purification by precipitation afforded polymers with a greatly reduced amount of low molar mass species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes M. Scheiger
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems–Functional Molecular Systems (IBCS-FMS)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 176344Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany
- Institute for Technical Chemistry and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Engesserstrasse 1876131KarlsruheGermany
| | - Maxi Hoffmann
- Institute for Technical Chemistry and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Engesserstrasse 1876131KarlsruheGermany
| | - Patricia Falkenstein
- Leipzig UniversityInstitute of Analytical ChemistryLinnéstrasse 304103LeipzigGermany
| | - Zhenwu Wang
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems–Functional Molecular Systems (IBCS-FMS)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 176344Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany
| | - Mark Rutschmann
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry (IAC)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Engesserstrasse 1576131KarlsruheGermany
| | - Valentin W. Scheiger
- Institute of Applied Informatics and Formal Description Methods (AIFB)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Kaiserstrasse 8976133KarlsruheGermany
| | - Alexander Grimm
- Institute for Technical Chemistry and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Engesserstrasse 1876131KarlsruheGermany
| | - Klara Urbschat
- Institute for Technical Chemistry and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Engesserstrasse 1876131KarlsruheGermany
| | - Tobias Sengpiel
- Institute for Technical Chemistry and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Engesserstrasse 1876131KarlsruheGermany
| | - Jörg Matysik
- Leipzig UniversityInstitute of Analytical ChemistryLinnéstrasse 304103LeipzigGermany
| | - Manfred Wilhelm
- Institute for Technical Chemistry and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Engesserstrasse 1876131KarlsruheGermany
| | - Pavel A. Levkin
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems–Functional Molecular Systems (IBCS-FMS)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 176344Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany
- Institute for Organic ChemistryKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Fritz-Haber-Weg 676313Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany
| | - Patrick Theato
- Institute for Technical Chemistry and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Engesserstrasse 1876131KarlsruheGermany
- Soft Matter Synthesis Laboratory - Institute for Biological Interfaces III (IBG-3)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 176344Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Scheiger JM, Hoffmann M, Falkenstein P, Wang Z, Rutschmann M, Scheiger VW, Grimm A, Urbschat K, Sengpiel T, Matysik J, Wilhelm M, Levkin PA, Theato P. Inverse Vulcanization of Norbornenylsilanes: Soluble Polymers with Controllable Molecular Properties via Siloxane Bonds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202114896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Martin Scheiger
- Karlsruher Institut fur Technologie Institute of Technical Chemistry and Polymer Chemistry Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen GERMANY
| | - Maxi Hoffmann
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Institute of Technical Chemistry and Polymer Chemistry GERMANY
| | | | - Zhenwu Wang
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems GERMANY
| | - Mark Rutschmann
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Institute of Inorganic Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Valentin W. Scheiger
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Institute of Applied Informatics and Formal Description Methods GERMANY
| | - Alexander Grimm
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Institute of Technical Chemistry and Polymer Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Klara Urbschat
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Institute of Technical Chemistry and Polymer Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Tobias Sengpiel
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Institute of Technical Chemistry and Polymer Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Jörg Matysik
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Institute of Technical Chemistry and Polymer Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Manfred Wilhelm
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Institute of Technical Chemistry and Polymer Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Pavel A. Levkin
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems GERMANY
| | - Patrick Theato
- Karlruher Institut für Technologie (KIT) Präparative Makromolekulare Chemie Kaiserstr. 12 76131 Karlsruhe GERMANY
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kang K, Phan A, Olikagu C, Lee T, Loy DA, Kwon M, Paik H, Hong SJ, Bang J, Parker WO, Sciarra M, Angelis AR, Pyun J. Segmented Polyurethanes and Thermoplastic Elastomers from Elemental Sulfur with Enhanced Thermomechanical Properties and Flame Retardancy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202109115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyung‐Seok Kang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry The University of Arizona Tucson AZ 85721 USA
| | - Anthony Phan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry The University of Arizona Tucson AZ 85721 USA
| | - Chisom Olikagu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry The University of Arizona Tucson AZ 85721 USA
| | - Taeheon Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry The University of Arizona Tucson AZ 85721 USA
| | - Douglas A. Loy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry The University of Arizona Tucson AZ 85721 USA
| | - Minho Kwon
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering Pusan National University Pusan 46241 Korea
| | - Hyun‐jong Paik
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering Pusan National University Pusan 46241 Korea
| | - Seung Jae Hong
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Korea University Seoul 02841 Korea
| | - Joona Bang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Korea University Seoul 02841 Korea
| | - Wallace O. Parker
- Eni, Research & Technical Innovation Via Maritano 26 20097 San Donato Milanese Italy
| | - Monia Sciarra
- Eni, Research & Technical Innovation Via Maritano 26 20097 San Donato Milanese Italy
| | - Alberto R. Angelis
- Eni, Research & Technical Innovation Via Maritano 26 20097 San Donato Milanese Italy
| | - Jeffrey Pyun
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry The University of Arizona Tucson AZ 85721 USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kang KS, Phan A, Olikagu C, Lee T, Loy DA, Kwon M, Paik HJ, Hong SJ, Bang J, Parker WO, Sciarra M, de Angelis AR, Pyun J. Segmented Polyurethanes and Thermoplastic Elastomers from Elemental Sulfur with Enhanced Thermomechanical Properties and Flame Retardancy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:22900-22907. [PMID: 34402154 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202109115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The production of elemental sulfur from petroleum refining has created a technological opportunity to increase the valorization of elemental sulfur by the creation of high-performance sulfur based plastics with improved thermomechanical properties, elasticity and flame retardancy. We report on a synthetic polymerization methodology to prepare the first example of sulfur based segmented multi-block polyurethanes (SPUs) and thermoplastic elastomers that incorporate an appreciable amount of sulfur into the final target material. This approach applied both the inverse vulcanization of S8 with olefinic alcohols and dynamic covalent polymerizations with dienes to prepare sulfur polyols and terpolyols that were used in polymerizations with aromatic diisocyanates and short chain diols. Using these methods, a new class of high molecular weight, soluble block copolymer polyurethanes were prepared as confirmed by Size Exclusion Chromatography, NMR spectroscopy, thermal analysis, and microscopic imaging. These sulfur-based polyurethanes were readily solution processed into large area free standing films where both the tensile strength and elasticity of these materials were controlled by variation of the sulfur polyol composition. SPUs with both high tensile strength (13-24 MPa) and ductility (348 % strain at break) were prepared, along with SPU thermoplastic elastomers (578 % strain at break) which are comparable values to classical thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPUs). The incorporation of sulfur into these polyurethanes enhanced flame retardancy in comparison to classical TPUs, which points to the opportunity to impart new properties to polymeric materials as a consequence of using elemental sulfur.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Seok Kang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Anthony Phan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Chisom Olikagu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Taeheon Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Douglas A Loy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Minho Kwon
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, Pusan National University, Pusan, 46241, Korea
| | - Hyun-Jong Paik
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, Pusan National University, Pusan, 46241, Korea
| | - Seung Jae Hong
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea
| | - Joona Bang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea
| | - Wallace O Parker
- Eni, Research & Technical Innovation, Via Maritano 26, 20097, San Donato Milanese, Italy
| | - Monia Sciarra
- Eni, Research & Technical Innovation, Via Maritano 26, 20097, San Donato Milanese, Italy
| | - Alberto R de Angelis
- Eni, Research & Technical Innovation, Via Maritano 26, 20097, San Donato Milanese, Italy
| | - Jeffrey Pyun
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| |
Collapse
|