1
|
Olusola AJ, Famuyiwa SO, Faloye KO, Olatunji OE, Olayemi UI, Adeyemi AA, Balogun JO, Ogundele SB, Babamuyiwa BO, Patil RB. Neomangiferin, a Naturally Occurring Mangiferin Congener, Inhibits Sodium-Glucose Co-transporter-2: An In silico Approach. Bioinform Biol Insights 2024; 18:11779322231223851. [PMID: 38250561 PMCID: PMC10798119 DOI: 10.1177/11779322231223851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is a major health concern contributing to most of diabetic cases worldwide. Mangiferin and its congeners are known for their diverse pharmacological properties. This study sought to investigate the inhibitory property of naturally occurring mangiferin congeners on sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 protein (SGLT-2) using comprehensive computational methods. The naturally occurring mangiferin congeners were subjected to molecular docking, molecular dynamics (MDs) simulation (100 ns), molecular mechanics Poisson-Boltzmann surface area (MM-PBSA) binding free energy, density functional theory calculations (B3LYP 6-31G basis set), and ADMET approaches to identify potential SGLT-2 inhibitor. The molecular docking studies revealed neomangiferin (-9.0 kcal/mol) as the hit molecule compared with dapagliflozin (-8.3 kcal/mol). Root-mean-square deviation (RMSD) and root-mean-square fluctuation (RMSF) plots from the MD simulations established that neomangiferin stabilizes SGLT-2 better than the dapagliflozin, a standard drug. The MM-PBSA binding free energy calculations showed that neomangiferin (-26.05 kcal/mol) elicited better binding affinity than dapagliflozin (-17.42 kcal/mol). The electronic studies showed that neomangiferin (3.48 eV) elicited high electrophilicity index compared with mangiferin (3.31 eV) and dapagliflozin (2.11 eV). Also, the ADMET properties showed that the hit molecule is safe when administered to diabetic subjects. The current in silico studies suggest that neomangiferin could emerge as a promising lead molecule as a SGLT-2 inhibitor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayobami J Olusola
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Oye Ekiti, Oye-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Samson O Famuyiwa
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Kolade O Faloye
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Oluwaseun E Olatunji
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Uduak I Olayemi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Abiodun A Adeyemi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - John O Balogun
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Kogi State College of Education (Technical) Kabba, Kabba, Nigeria
| | - Seun B Ogundele
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Blessing O Babamuyiwa
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Rajesh B Patil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Sinhgad Technical Education Society’s, Sinhgad College of Pharmacy, Vadgaon (Bk), Pune, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Qiu J, Xu C, Xu X, Zhao Y, Zhao Y, Zhao Y, Wang J. Porous Covalent Organic Framework Based Hydrogen-Bond Nanotrap for the Precise Recognition and Separation of Gold. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202300459. [PMID: 36849710 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202300459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Utilizing weak interactions to effectively recover and separate precious metals in solution is of great importance but the practice remains a challenge. Herein, we report a novel strategy to achieve precise recognition and separation of gold by regulating the hydrogen-bond (H-bond) nanotrap within the pore of covalent organic frameworks (COFs). It is found that both COF-HNU25 and COF-HNU26 can efficiently capture AuIII with fast kinetics, high selectivity, and uptake capacity. In particular, the COF-HNU25 with the high density of H-bond nanotraps exhibits an excellent gold uptake capacity of 1725 mg g-1 , which is significantly higher than that (219 mg g-1 ) of its isostructural COF (COF-42) without H-bond nanostrap in the pores. Importantly, the uptake capacity is strongly correlated to the number of H-bonds between phenolic OH in the COF and [AuCl4 ]- in water, and multiple H-bond interactions are the key driving force for the excellent gold recovery and reusability of the adsorbent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jikuan Qiu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, P. R. China
| | - Chang Xu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, P. R. China
| | - Xianhui Xu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, P. R. China
| | - Yingjie Zhao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, P. R. China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, P. R. China
| | - Yuling Zhao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, P. R. China
| | - Jianji Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chen X, Chen H, Fraser Stoddart J. The Story of the Little Blue Box: A Tribute to Siegfried Hünig. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202211387. [PMID: 36131604 PMCID: PMC10099103 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202211387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The tetracationic cyclophane, cyclobis(paraquat-p-phenylene), also known as the little blue box, constitutes a modular receptor that has facilitated the discovery of many host-guest complexes and mechanically interlocked molecules during the past 35 years. Its versatility in binding small π-donors in its tetracationic state, as well as forming trisradical tricationic complexes with viologen radical cations in its doubly reduced bisradical dicationic state, renders it valuable for the construction of various stimuli-responsive materials. Since the first reports in 1988, the little blue box has been featured in over 500 publications in the literature. All this research activity would not have been possible without the seminal contributions carried out by Siegfried Hünig, who not only pioneered the syntheses of viologen-containing cyclophanes, but also revealed their rich redox chemistry in addition to their ability to undergo intramolecular π-dimerization. This Review describes how his pioneering research led to the design and synthesis of the little blue box, and how this redox-active host evolved into the key component of molecular shuttles, switches, and machines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao‐Yang Chen
- Department of ChemistryNorthwestern University2145 Sheridan RoadEvanstonIllinois 60208USA
| | - Hongliang Chen
- Stoddart Institute of Molecular ScienceDepartment of ChemistryZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation CenterHangzhou311215China
| | - J. Fraser Stoddart
- Department of ChemistryNorthwestern University2145 Sheridan RoadEvanstonIllinois 60208USA
- Stoddart Institute of Molecular ScienceDepartment of ChemistryZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation CenterHangzhou311215China
- School of ChemistryUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNSW 2052Australia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Xu K, Li B, Yao S, Li Z, Lu Y, Dong M, Qiu J, Luo L, Li C. Modular Introduction of
endo
‐Binding Sites in a Macrocyclic Cavity towards Selective Recognition of Neutral Azacycles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202203016. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202203016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kaidi Xu
- College of Sciences Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis Shanghai University Shanghai 200444 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Functional Material Chemistry Ministry of Education Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules College of Chemistry Tianjin Normal University Tianjin 300387 P. R. China
| | - Bin Li
- Key Laboratory of Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Functional Material Chemistry Ministry of Education Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules College of Chemistry Tianjin Normal University Tianjin 300387 P. R. China
| | - Shibo Yao
- Key Laboratory of Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Functional Material Chemistry Ministry of Education Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules College of Chemistry Tianjin Normal University Tianjin 300387 P. R. China
| | - Zhaoxian Li
- Key Laboratory of Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Functional Material Chemistry Ministry of Education Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules College of Chemistry Tianjin Normal University Tianjin 300387 P. R. China
| | - Yunfeng Lu
- College of Sciences Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis Shanghai University Shanghai 200444 P. R. China
| | - Ming Dong
- Key Laboratory of Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Functional Material Chemistry Ministry of Education Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules College of Chemistry Tianjin Normal University Tianjin 300387 P. R. China
| | - Jianfeng Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Functional Material Chemistry Ministry of Education Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules College of Chemistry Tianjin Normal University Tianjin 300387 P. R. China
| | - Liqiang Luo
- College of Sciences Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis Shanghai University Shanghai 200444 P. R. China
| | - Chunju Li
- College of Sciences Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis Shanghai University Shanghai 200444 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Functional Material Chemistry Ministry of Education Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules College of Chemistry Tianjin Normal University Tianjin 300387 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Quan M, Pang XY, Jiang W. Circular Dichroism Based Chirality Sensing with Supramolecular Host-Guest Chemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202201258. [PMID: 35315199 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202201258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Optical methods are promising to address the ever-increasing demands for chirality analysis in drug discovery and related fields because they are amenable to high-throughput screening. Circular dichroism-based chiroptical sensing using host-guest chemistry is especially appealing due to the fast equilibrium kinetics, wide substrate scope, and potential for sustainable development. In this Minireview, we give an overview on this emerging field. General aspects of molecular recognition and chirality transfer are analyzed. Chirality sensors are discussed by dividing them into three classes according to their structural features. Applications of these chirality sensors for chirality analysis of the products of asymmetric reactions and for the real-time monitoring of reaction kinetics are demonstrated with selected examples. Moreover, challenges and research directions in this field are also highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mao Quan
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Xueyuan Blvd 1088, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xin-Yu Pang
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Xueyuan Blvd 1088, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Xueyuan Blvd 1088, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Quan M, Pang X, Jiang W. Circular Dichroism Based Chirality Sensing with Supramolecular Host–Guest Chemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202201258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mao Quan
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Department of Chemistry Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech) Xueyuan Blvd 1088 Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Xin‐Yu Pang
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Department of Chemistry Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech) Xueyuan Blvd 1088 Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Department of Chemistry Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech) Xueyuan Blvd 1088 Shenzhen 518055 China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Li C, Xu K, Li B, Yao S, Li Z, Lu Y, Dong M, Qiu J, Luo L. Modular Introduction of Endo‐Binding Sites in Macrocycle Cavity towards Selective Recognition of Neutral Azacycles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202203016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chunju Li
- Tianjin Normal University Chemistry No393 west Binshui Road Tianjin CHINA
| | - Kaidi Xu
- Shanghai University College of Science CHINA
| | - Bin Li
- Tianjin Normal University College of Chemistry CHINA
| | - Shibo Yao
- Tianjin Normal University College of Chemistry CHINA
| | - Zhaoxian Li
- Tianjin Normal University College of Chemistry CHINA
| | - Yunfeng Lu
- Shanghai University College of Science CHINA
| | - Ming Dong
- Tianjin Normal University College of Chemistry CHINA
| | - Jianfeng Qiu
- Tianjin Normal University College of Chemistry CHINA
| | - Liqiang Luo
- Shanghai University College of Science CHINA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kubik S. When Molecules Meet in Water-Recent Contributions of Supramolecular Chemistry to the Understanding of Molecular Recognition Processes in Water. Chemistry 2022; 11:e202200028. [PMID: 35373466 PMCID: PMC8977507 DOI: 10.1002/open.202200028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Molecular recognition processes in water differ from those in organic solvents in that they are mediated to a much greater extent by solvent effects. The hydrophobic effect, for example, causes molecules that only weakly interact in organic solvents to stay together in water. Such water‐mediated interactions can be very efficient as demonstrated by many of the synthetic receptors discussed in this review, some of which have substrate affinities matching or even surpassing those of natural binders. However, in spite of considerable success in designing such receptors, not all factors determining their binding properties in water are fully understood. Existing concepts still provide plausible explanations why the reorganization of water molecules often causes receptor‐substrate interactions in water to be strongly exothermic rather than entropically favored as predicted by the classical view of the hydrophobic effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Kubik
- Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Fachbereich Chemie - Organische Chemie, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße 54, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhou H, Pang XY, Wang X, Yao H, Yang LP, Jiang W. Biomimetic Recognition of Quinones in Water by an Endo-Functionalized Cavity with Anthracene Sidewalls. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:25981-25987. [PMID: 34569134 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202112267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Selective molecular recognition in water is the foundation of numerous biological functions but is a challenge for most synthetic hosts. We employ the concept of endo-functionalized cavity and the strategy of simultaneous construction to address this issue. The concept and the strategy were demonstrated in the construction of a biomimetic host for selectively recognizing quinones in water. The host was synthesized by joining two pieces of bent anthracene dimer through amide bond formation, affording a deep hydrophobic cavity and inward-directing hydrogen bonding sites. The host can recognize quinones over their close analogues in water, and its association affinity to p-benzoquinone is the highest among all the known hosts and is even comparable to that of the bioreceptor. The binding with an anthraquinone reaches nanomolar affinity. Shielded hydrogen bonding, C-H⋅⋅⋅π, and charge transfer interactions, and the hydrophobic effect are responsible for the high binding affinity and selectivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hang Zhou
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Xueyuan Blvd 1088, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xin-Yu Pang
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Xueyuan Blvd 1088, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xiaoping Wang
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Xueyuan Blvd 1088, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Huan Yao
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Xueyuan Blvd 1088, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Liu-Pan Yang
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Xueyuan Blvd 1088, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Xueyuan Blvd 1088, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhou H, Pang X, Wang X, Yao H, Yang L, Jiang W. Biomimetic Recognition of Quinones in Water by an
Endo
‐Functionalized Cavity with Anthracene Sidewalls. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202112267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hang Zhou
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, and Department of Chemistry Southern University of Science and Technology Xueyuan Blvd 1088 Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Xin‐Yu Pang
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, and Department of Chemistry Southern University of Science and Technology Xueyuan Blvd 1088 Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Xiaoping Wang
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, and Department of Chemistry Southern University of Science and Technology Xueyuan Blvd 1088 Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Huan Yao
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, and Department of Chemistry Southern University of Science and Technology Xueyuan Blvd 1088 Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Liu‐Pan Yang
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, and Department of Chemistry Southern University of Science and Technology Xueyuan Blvd 1088 Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, and Department of Chemistry Southern University of Science and Technology Xueyuan Blvd 1088 Shenzhen 518055 China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Garrido González JJ, Boya Del Teso I, Fuentes de Arriba AL, Sanz F, Martín Del Valle EM, Morán JR, Alcazar V. An Adjustable Cleft Based on an 8-sulfonamide-2-naphthoic Acid with Oxyanion Hole Geometry. Chemistry 2021; 27:14605-14609. [PMID: 34396599 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Cleft type receptors showing the oxyanion hole motif have been prepared in a straightforward synthesis starting from the commercial 3,7-dihidroxy-2-naphthoic acid. The double H-bond donor pattern is achieved by the introduction of a sulfonamide group in the C-8 position of naphthalene and a carboxamide at the C-2 position. This cleft, whose geometry resembles that of an oxyanion hole, is able to adjust to different guests, as shown by the analysis of the X- ray crystal structures of associates with methanol or acetic acid. Combination of hydrogen bonds and charge-transfer interactions led to further stabilization of the complexes, in which the electron-rich aromatic ring of the receptor was close in space to the electron-deficient dinitroaromatic guests. Modelling studies and bidimensional NMR experiments have been carried out to provide additional information.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Irene Boya Del Teso
- Universidad de Salamanca, Organic Chemistry, Plaza de los Caídos, 37008, España, 37008, Salamanca, SPAIN
| | | | - Francisca Sanz
- Universidad de Salamanca, Servicio de Rayos X, Plaza de los Caídos, 37008, España, 37008, Salamanca, SPAIN
| | - Eva María Martín Del Valle
- Universidad de Salamanca, Chemical Engineering, Plaza de los Caídos, 37008, España, 37008, Salamanca, SPAIN
| | - Joaquín R Morán
- Universidad de Salamanca, Organic Chemistry, Plaza de los Caídos, 37008, España, 37008, Salamanca, SPAIN
| | - Victoria Alcazar
- Polytechnic University of Madrid: Universidad Politecnica de Madrid, Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, E-28006, Madrid, SPAIN
| |
Collapse
|