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Wan H, Xu J, Wang C. Designing electrolytes and interphases for high-energy lithium batteries. Nat Rev Chem 2024; 8:30-44. [PMID: 38097662 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-023-00557-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
High-energy and stable lithium-ion batteries are desired for next-generation electric devices and vehicles. To achieve their development, the formation of stable interfaces on high-capacity anodes and high-voltage cathodes is crucial. However, such interphases in certain commercialized Li-ion batteries are not stable. Due to internal stresses during operation, cracks are formed in the interphase and electrodes; the presence of such cracks allows for the formation of Li dendrites and new interphases, resulting in a decay of the energy capacity. In this Review, we highlight electrolyte design strategies to form LiF-rich interphases in different battery systems. In aqueous electrolytes, the hydrophobic LiF can extend the electrochemical stability window of aqueous electrolytes. In organic liquid electrolytes, the highly lithiophobic LiF can suppress Li dendrite formation and growth. Electrolyte design aimed at forming LiF-rich interphases has substantially advanced high-energy aqueous and non-aqueous Li-ion batteries. The electrolyte and interphase design principles discussed here are also applicable to solid-state batteries, as a strategy to achieve long cycle life under low stack pressure, as well as to construct other metal batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongli Wan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Jijian Xu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
| | - Chunsheng Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
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2
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Rahman MM, Tan S, Yang Y, Zhong H, Ghose S, Waluyo I, Hunt A, Ma L, Yang XQ, Hu E. An inorganic-rich but LiF-free interphase for fast charging and long cycle life lithium metal batteries. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8414. [PMID: 38110406 PMCID: PMC10728193 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44282-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Li metal batteries using Li metal as negative electrode and LiNi1-x-yMnxCoyO2 as positive electrode represent the next generation high-energy batteries. A major challenge facing these batteries is finding electrolytes capable of forming good interphases. Conventionally, electrolyte is fluorinated to generate anion-derived LiF-rich interphases. However, their low ionic conductivities forbid fast-charging. Here, we use CsNO3 as a dual-functional additive to form stable interphases on both electrodes. Such strategy allows the use of 1,2-dimethoxyethane as the single solvent, promising superior ion transport and fast charging. LiNi1-x-yMnxCoyO2 is protected by the nitrate-derived species. On the Li metal side, large Cs+ has weak interactions with the solvent, leading to presence of anions in the solvation sheath and an anion-derived interphase. The interphase is surprisingly dominated by cesium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide, a component not reported before. Its presence suggests that Cs+ is doing more than just electrostatic shielding as commonly believed. The interphase is free of LiF but still promises high performance as cells with high LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 loading (21 mg/cm2) and low N/P ratio (~2) can be cycled at 2C (~8 mA/cm2) with above 80% capacity retention after 200 cycles. These results suggest the role of LiF and Cs-containing additives need to be revisited.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sha Tan
- Chemistry division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Yang Yang
- National Synchrotron Lightsource II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Hui Zhong
- Department of Joint Photon Sciences Institute, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11970, USA
| | - Sanjit Ghose
- National Synchrotron Lightsource II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Iradwikanari Waluyo
- National Synchrotron Lightsource II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Adrian Hunt
- National Synchrotron Lightsource II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Lu Ma
- National Synchrotron Lightsource II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Xiao-Qing Yang
- Chemistry division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Enyuan Hu
- Chemistry division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA.
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3
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Werres M, Xu Y, Jia H, Wang C, Xu W, Latz A, Horstmann B. Origin of Heterogeneous Stripping of Lithium in Liquid Electrolytes. ACS NANO 2023. [PMID: 37257070 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c00329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Lithium metal batteries suffer from low cycle life. During discharge, parts of the lithium are not stripped reversibly and remain isolated from the current collector. This isolated lithium is trapped in the insulating remaining solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) shell and contributes to the capacity loss. However, a fundamental understanding of why isolated lithium forms and how it can be mitigated is lacking. In this article, we perform a combined theoretical and experimental study to understand isolated lithium formation during stripping. We derive a thermodynamic consistent model of lithium dissolution and find that the interaction between lithium and SEI leads to locally preferred stripping and isolated lithium formation. Based on a cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo TEM) setup, we reveal that these local effects are particularly pronounced at kinks of lithium whiskers. We find that lithium stripping can be heterogeneous both on a nanoscale and on a larger scale. Cryo TEM observations confirm our theoretical prediction that isolated lithium occurs less at higher stripping current densities. The origin of isolated lithium lies in local effects, such as heterogeneous SEI, stress fields, or the geometric shape of the deposits. We conclude that in order to mitigate isolated lithium, a uniform lithium morphology during plating and a homogeneous SEI are indispensable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Werres
- Institute of Engineering Thermodynamics, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Wilhelm-Runge-Str. 10, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute Ulm (HIU), Helmholtzstr. 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Yaobin Xu
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Hao Jia
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Chongmin Wang
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Wu Xu
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Arnulf Latz
- Institute of Engineering Thermodynamics, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Wilhelm-Runge-Str. 10, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute Ulm (HIU), Helmholtzstr. 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- Department of Electrochemistry, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Birger Horstmann
- Institute of Engineering Thermodynamics, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Wilhelm-Runge-Str. 10, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute Ulm (HIU), Helmholtzstr. 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- Department of Electrochemistry, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, 89081 Ulm, Germany
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4
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Vilá RA, Boyle DT, Dai A, Zhang W, Sayavong P, Ye Y, Yang Y, Dionne JA, Cui Y. LiH formation and its impact on Li batteries revealed by cryogenic electron microscopy. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadf3609. [PMID: 36961896 PMCID: PMC10038333 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adf3609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about how evolved hydrogen affects the cycling of Li batteries. Hypotheses include the formation of LiH in the solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) and dendritic growth of LiH. Here, we discover that LiH formation in Li batteries likely follows a different pathway: Hydrogen evolved during cycling reacts to nucleate and grow LiH within already deposited Li metal, consuming active Li. We provide the evidence that LiH formed in Li batteries electrically isolates active Li from the current collector that degrades battery capacity. We detect the coexistence of Li metal and LiH also on graphite and silicon anodes, showing that LiH forms in most Li battery anode chemistries. Last, we find that LiH has its own SEI layer that is chemically and structurally distinct from the SEI on Li metal. Our results highlight the formation mechanism and chemical origins of LiH, providing critical insight into how to prevent its formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael A. Vilá
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - David T. Boyle
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Alan Dai
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Wenbo Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Yusheng Ye
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yufei Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer A. Dionne
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yi Cui
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, Menlo Park, CA, USA
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5
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Li H, Wen Z, Wu D, Ji W, He Z, Wang F, Yang Y, Zhang P, Zhao J. Achieving a Stable Solid Electrolyte Interphase and Enhanced Thermal Stability by a Dual-Functional Electrolyte Additive toward a High-Loading LiNi 0.8Mn 0.1Co 0.1O 2 /Lithium Pouch Battery. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:57142-57152. [PMID: 34807562 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c17209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Li metal batteries with high-capacity cathodes emerge as promising candidates for next-generation battery technologies. However, the poor reversibility of the Li deposition/stripping process severely reduces its lifespan, and safety also remains a major issue for the Li metal anodes. Herein, we propose (ethoxy)-penta-fluoro-cyclo-triphosphazene (DFA) as a dual-functional electrolyte additive to solve the engineering problem of balancing the cycle life and thermal stability of Li metal batteries. The NCM811/lithium metal pouch batteries (2900 mA h) are assembled using the commercial high areal capacity cathode (3.5 mA h cm-2). Compared with the NCM811/Li batteries without DFA, the heat generation and heat generation power of lithium metal batteries with DFA are significantly reduced by half during charging. Moreover, the NCM811/Li pouch batteries with DFA show excellent stability in both hot-oven and adiabatic rate calorimeter experiments. Furthermore, a nonlinear phase field simulation is carried out for mechanism investigation, which confirms that the stable solid electrolyte interphase formed by DFA will improve the cycle life of the NCM811/Li pouch. The DFA is verified to be an effective additive to improve the cycle stability and safety simultaneously, providing new opportunities for developing high energy density Li metal batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Li
- State Key Lab of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials, State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Power Source Technology for New Energy Vehicle, Engineering Research Center of Electrochemical Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P.R. China
| | - Zhipeng Wen
- State Key Lab of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials, State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Power Source Technology for New Energy Vehicle, Engineering Research Center of Electrochemical Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P.R. China
| | - Dongzheng Wu
- State Key Lab of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials, State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Power Source Technology for New Energy Vehicle, Engineering Research Center of Electrochemical Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P.R. China
| | - Weijie Ji
- State Key Lab of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials, State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Power Source Technology for New Energy Vehicle, Engineering Research Center of Electrochemical Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P.R. China
| | - Zheng He
- College of Energy & School of Energy Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102 Fujian, China
| | - Feng Wang
- State Key Lab of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials, State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Power Source Technology for New Energy Vehicle, Engineering Research Center of Electrochemical Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P.R. China
| | - Yang Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- College of Energy & School of Energy Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102 Fujian, China
| | - Jinbao Zhao
- State Key Lab of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials, State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Power Source Technology for New Energy Vehicle, Engineering Research Center of Electrochemical Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P.R. China
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6
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Tang J, Zhao Q, Li F, Hao Z, Xu X, Zhang Q, Liu J, Jin Y, Wang H. Two-dimensional materials towards separator functionalization in advanced Li-S batteries. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:18883-18911. [PMID: 34783819 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr05489a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Functional separators have played important roles in improving the electrochemical performance of lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries by addressing the key issues of both the sulfur cathode and lithium anode. Compared with other materials that are used for separator functionalization, two-dimensional (2D) materials with atomic layer thickness and infinite lateral dimensions feature several advantages of ultra-thin laminate structure, remarkable physical properties and tunable surface chemistry, which show potential applications in separator functionalization towards addressing the issues of both the shuttle effect and formation of Li dendrites in Li-S batteries. In this review, the unique advantages of 2D materials for separator functionalization in Li-S batteries and their common construction methods are introduced. Then, recent progress and advances in the construction of 2D materials functional separators are summarized in detail towards inhibiting the shuttle effect of polysulfides and suppressing Li dendrite growth in Li-S batteries. Finally, some opportunities and challenges of 2D materials for constructing high-performance functional separators are proposed. We anticipate that this review will provide new insights into separator functionalization for developing advanced Li-S batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiadong Tang
- Key Laboratory for New Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, P. R. China.
| | - Qing Zhao
- Key Laboratory for New Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, P. R. China.
| | - Fenglei Li
- Grinm Metal Composites Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing 101407, China
| | - Zhendong Hao
- Key Laboratory for New Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaolong Xu
- Key Laboratory for New Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, P. R. China.
| | - Qianqian Zhang
- Key Laboratory for New Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, P. R. China.
| | - Jingbing Liu
- Key Laboratory for New Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, P. R. China.
| | - Yuhong Jin
- Key Laboratory for New Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, P. R. China.
| | - Hao Wang
- Key Laboratory for New Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, P. R. China.
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7
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Jin CB, Zhang XQ, Sheng OW, Sun SY, Hou LP, Shi P, Li BQ, Huang JQ, Tao XY, Zhang Q. Reclaiming Inactive Lithium with a Triiodide/Iodide Redox Couple for Practical Lithium Metal Batteries. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:22990-22995. [PMID: 34414652 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202110589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
High-energy-density lithium (Li) metal batteries suffer from a short lifespan owing to apparently ceaseless inactive Li accumulation, which is accompanied by the consumption of electrolyte and active Li reservoir, seriously deteriorating the cyclability of batteries. Herein, a triiodide/iodide (I3 - /I- ) redox couple initiated by stannic iodide (SnI4 ) is demonstrated to reclaim inactive Li. The reduction of I3 - converts inactive Li into soluble LiI, which then diffuses to the cathode side. The oxidation of LiI by the delithiated cathode transforms cathode into the lithiation state and regenerates I3 - , reclaiming Li ion from inactive Li. The regenerated I3 - engages the further redox reactions. Furthermore, the formation of Sn mitigates the corrosion of I3 - on active Li reservoir sacrificially. In working Li | LiNi0.5 Co0.2 Mn0.3 O2 batteries, the accumulated inactive Li is significantly reclaimed by the reversible I3 - /I- redox couple, improving the lifespan of batteries by twice. This work initiates a creative solution to reclaim inactive Li for prolonging the lifespan of practical Li metal batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Bin Jin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Institution, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Xue-Qiang Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China.,Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China.,Shanxi Research Institute for Clean Energy, Tsinghua University, Taiyuan, 030032, Shanxi, P. R. China
| | - Ou-Wei Sheng
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, P. R. China
| | - Shu-Yu Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Institution, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Li-Peng Hou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Institution, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Peng Shi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Institution, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Bo-Quan Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China.,Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Qi Huang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China.,Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Xin-Yong Tao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Institution, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
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8
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Jin C, Zhang X, Sheng O, Sun S, Hou L, Shi P, Li B, Huang J, Tao X, Zhang Q. Reclaiming Inactive Lithium with a Triiodide/Iodide Redox Couple for Practical Lithium Metal Batteries. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202110589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng‐Bin Jin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Institution Department of Chemical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Xue‐Qiang Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100084 P. R. China
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100084 P. R. China
- Shanxi Research Institute for Clean Energy Tsinghua University Taiyuan 030032 Shanxi P. R. China
| | - Ou‐Wei Sheng
- College of Materials Science and Engineering Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 P. R. China
| | - Shu‐Yu Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Institution Department of Chemical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Li‐Peng Hou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Institution Department of Chemical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Peng Shi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Institution Department of Chemical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Bo‐Quan Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100084 P. R. China
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Jia‐Qi Huang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100084 P. R. China
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Xin‐Yong Tao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 P. R. China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Institution Department of Chemical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
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9
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Huang L, Xu G, Du X, Li J, Xie B, Liu H, Han P, Dong S, Cui G, Chen L. Uncovering LiH Triggered Thermal Runaway Mechanism of a High-Energy LiNi 0.5 Co 0.2 Mn 0.3 O 2 /Graphite Pouch Cell. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2100676. [PMID: 34032008 PMCID: PMC8292879 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202100676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The continuous energy density increase of lithium ion batteries (LIBs) inevitably accompanies with the rising of safety concerns. Here, the thermal runaway characteristics of a high-energy 5 Ah LiNi0.5 Co0.2 Mn0.3 O2 /graphite pouch cell using a thermally stable dual-salt electrolyte are analyzed. The existence of LiH in the graphite anode side is innovatively identified in this study, and the LiH/electrolyte exothermic reactions and H2 migration from anode to cathode side are proved to contribute on triggering the thermal runaway of the pouch cell, while the phase transformation of lithiated graphite anode and the O2 -releasing from cathode are just accelerating factors for thermal runaway. In addition, heat determination during cycling at two boundary scenarios of adiabatic and isothermal environment clearly states the necessity of designing an efficient and smart battery thermal management system for avoiding heat accumulation. These findings will shed promising lights on thermal runaway route map depiction and thermal runaway prevention, as well as formulation of electrolyte for high energy safer LIBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lang Huang
- Qingdao Industrial Energy Storage Research InstituteQingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesNo. 189 Songling RoadQingdao266101China
| | - Gaojie Xu
- Qingdao Industrial Energy Storage Research InstituteQingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesNo. 189 Songling RoadQingdao266101China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics EngineeringUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesNo. 19A Yuquan RoadBeijing100049China
| | - Xiaofan Du
- Qingdao Industrial Energy Storage Research InstituteQingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesNo. 189 Songling RoadQingdao266101China
| | - Jiedong Li
- Qingdao Industrial Energy Storage Research InstituteQingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesNo. 189 Songling RoadQingdao266101China
| | - Bin Xie
- Qingdao Industrial Energy Storage Research InstituteQingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesNo. 189 Songling RoadQingdao266101China
| | - Haisheng Liu
- Qingdao Industrial Energy Storage Research InstituteQingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesNo. 189 Songling RoadQingdao266101China
| | - Pengxian Han
- Qingdao Industrial Energy Storage Research InstituteQingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesNo. 189 Songling RoadQingdao266101China
| | - Shanmu Dong
- Qingdao Industrial Energy Storage Research InstituteQingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesNo. 189 Songling RoadQingdao266101China
| | - Guanglei Cui
- Qingdao Industrial Energy Storage Research InstituteQingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesNo. 189 Songling RoadQingdao266101China
| | - Liquan Chen
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics EngineeringUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesNo. 19A Yuquan RoadBeijing100049China
- Key Laboratory for Renewable EnergyBeijing Key Laboratory for New Energy Materials and DevicesBeijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter PhysicsInstitute of PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
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