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Issa Hamoud H, Wolski L, Pankin I, Bañares MA, Daturi M, El-Roz M. In situ and Operando Spectroscopies in Photocatalysis: Powerful Techniques for a Better Understanding of the Performance and the Reaction Mechanism. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2022; 380:37. [PMID: 35951125 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-022-00387-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
In photocatalysis, a set of elemental steps are involved together at different timescales to govern the overall efficiency of the process. These steps are divided as follow: (1) photon absorption and excitation (in femtoseconds), (2) charge separation (femto- to picoseconds), (3) charge carrier diffusion/transport (nano- to microseconds), and (4 and 5) reactant activation/conversion and mass transfer (micro- to milliseconds). The identification and quantification of these steps, using the appropriate tool/technique, can provide the guidelines to emphasize the most influential key parameter that improve the overall efficiency and to develop the "photocatalyst by design" concept. In this review, the identification/quantification of reactant activation/conversion and mass transfer (steps 4 and 5) is discussed in details using the in situ/operando techniques, especially the infrared (IR), Raman, and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). The use of these techniques in photocatalysis was highlighted by the most recent and conclusive case studies which allow a better characterization of the active site and reveal the reaction pathways in order to establish a structure-performance relationship. In each case study, the reaction conditions and the reactor design for photocatalysis (pressure, temperature, concentration, etc.) were thoroughly discussed. In the last part, some examples in the use of time-resolved techniques (time-resolved FTIR, photoluminescence, and transient absorption) are also presented as an author's guideline to study the elemental steps in photocatalysis at shorter timescale (ps, ns, and µs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Houeida Issa Hamoud
- Laboratoire Catalyse et Spectrochimie, Normandie Université, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS, 14050, Caen, France
| | - Lukasz Wolski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
| | - Ilia Pankin
- Smart Materials, Research Institute, Southern Federal University, Sladkova Street 174/28, 344090, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Miguel A Bañares
- Catalytic Spectroscopy Laboratory, Instituto de Catalisis, ICP-CSIC, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marco Daturi
- Laboratoire Catalyse et Spectrochimie, Normandie Université, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS, 14050, Caen, France
| | - Mohamad El-Roz
- Laboratoire Catalyse et Spectrochimie, Normandie Université, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS, 14050, Caen, France.
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Wang X, Wan L, Wang Z, Liu X, Gao Y, Wang L, Liu J, Guo Q, Hu W, Yang J. Identifying Photocatalytic Active Sites of C 2H 6 C-H Bond Activation on TiO 2 via Combining First-Principles Ground-State and Excited-State Electronic Structure Calculations. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:6532-6540. [PMID: 35829739 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c01100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The activation of C-H bonds at low temperatures has attracted widespread interest in heterogeneous catalysis, which involves complex thermocatalytic and photocatalytic reaction processes. Herein, we systematically investigate the photothermal catalytic process of C-H bond activation in C2H6 dehydrogenation on rutile TiO2(110). We demonstrate that the photochemical activity of the C2H6 molecule adsorbed on TiO2(110) is site-sensitive and that C2H6 is more easily adsorbed at the Ti5c site with a lower dehydrogenation energy barrier. The first C-H bond activation of the C2H6 adsorbed at the Ti5c site tends to occur in the ground state, whereas Obr-adsorbed C2H6 is more photoactive during the initial adsorption. During the dehydrogenation of C2H6, the photogenerated electrons are always located at the Ti4+ sites of the TiO2 substrate while the photogenerated holes can be captured by C2H6 to activate the C-H bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoning Wang
- Department of Chemical Physics and Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Lingyun Wan
- Department of Chemical Physics and Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Zijian Wang
- Department of Chemical Physics and Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Xiaofeng Liu
- School of Physics, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, China
| | - Yunzhi Gao
- Department of Chemical Physics and Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Chemical Physics and Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Chemical Physics and Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Qing Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P. R. China
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Chemical Physics and Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Jinlong Yang
- Department of Chemical Physics and Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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Understanding of Photocatalytic Partial Oxidation of Methanol to Methyl Formate on Surface Doped La(Ce)-TiO2: Experiment and DFT Calculation. J Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2022.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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4
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Zhong Y, Wang R, Chen J, Duan C, Huang Z, Yu S, Guo H, Zhou Y. Surface-Terminated Hydroxyl Groups for Deciphering the Facet-Dependent Photocatalysis of Anatase TiO 2. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:17601-17609. [PMID: 35380775 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c04302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the relation between a crystal facet and photocatalytic performance is of great importance for the development of effective catalysts. In this work, we focus on anatase TiO2 with controllable exposed facets toward photocatalytic hydrogen evolution by water splitting. By combining temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) and diffuse reflectance infrared spectroscopy (DRIFTS), we obtain that the adsorption of hydroxyl groups and the photo-driven breaking of hydroxyl groups depend strongly on the exposed facets. As a result, the higher catalytic hydrogen evolution activity of TiO2 enclosed with (101) facets than that of (001) facets should be ascribed to the more favorable depletion of hydroxyl groups. Moreover, graphene quantum dots (GQDs) with rich surface functional groups are deliberately deposited on the TiO2 surface. The determination of the states and dynamics of surface hydroxyl groups suggests that GQDs facilitate the reaction of hydroxyl groups on (001)TiO2, thus leading to the activity enhancement. By contrast, the already active (101)TiO2 become apparently less efficient after GQD deposition due to the restricted reaction of hydroxyl groups. Overall, our findings not only provide a unique guidance for understanding the crystal-plane-dependent photocatalysis but also present a powerful approach by which to tailor the photocatalytic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunqian Zhong
- Institute of Carbon Neutrality & School of New Energy and Materials, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Institute of Carbon Neutrality & School of New Energy and Materials, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, China
| | - Jiahao Chen
- Institute of Carbon Neutrality & School of New Energy and Materials, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, China
| | - Chao Duan
- Institute of Carbon Neutrality & School of New Energy and Materials, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, China
| | - Zhengyue Huang
- Institute of Carbon Neutrality & School of New Energy and Materials, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, China
| | - Shan Yu
- Institute of Carbon Neutrality & School of New Energy and Materials, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, China
| | - Heng Guo
- Institute of Carbon Neutrality & School of New Energy and Materials, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Institute of Carbon Neutrality & School of New Energy and Materials, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, China
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Zhang H, Yang X, Gao G, Yan J, Zhao M, Su H. An efficient catalyst of CuPt/TiO2 for photocatalytic direct dehydrogenation of methanol to methyl formate at ambient temperature. Catal Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cy02020j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
CuPt alloy nanoparticles on TiO2 are highly effective for photocatalytic direct dehydrogenation of methanol to methyl formate at ambient temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, 010021, P. R. China
| | - Xuzhuang Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, 010021, P. R. China
- Inner Mongolia Key Lab of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Physics, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, 010021, P. R. China
| | - Guanjun Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, 010021, P. R. China
| | - Jingkai Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, 010021, P. R. China
| | - Min Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, 010021, P. R. China
| | - Haiquan Su
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, 010021, P. R. China
- Inner Mongolia Key Lab of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Physics, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, 010021, P. R. China
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Preparation of Ag 3PO 4/TiO 2(B) Heterojunction Nanobelt with Extended Light Response and Enhanced Photocatalytic Performance. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26226987. [PMID: 34834078 PMCID: PMC8620934 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26226987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Photocatalytic degradation, as an emerging method to control environmental pollution, is considered one of the most promising environmental purification technologies. As Tibet is a region with some of the strongest solar radiation in China and even in the world, it is extremely rich in solar energy resources, which is ideal for applying photocatalytic technology to its ecological environment protection and governance. In this study, Na2Ti3O7 nanobelts were prepared via a hydrothermal method and converted to TiO2∙xH2O ion exchange, which was followed by high-temperature calcination to prepare TiO2(B) nanobelts (“B” in TiO2(B) means “Bronze phase”). A simple in situ method was used to generate Ag3PO4 particles on the surface of the TiO2 nanobelts to construct a Ag3PO4/TiO2(B) heterojunction composite photocatalyst. By generating Ag3PO4 nanoparticles on the surface of the TiO2(B) nanobelts to construct heterojunctions, the light absorption range of the photocatalyst was successfully extended from UV (ultraviolet) to the visible region. Furthermore, the recombination of photogenerated electron–hole pairs in the catalyst was inhibited by the construction of the heterojunctions, thus greatly enhancing its light quantum efficiency. Therefore, the prepared Ag3PO4/TiO2(B) heterojunction composite photocatalyst greatly outperformed the TiO2(B) nanobelt in terms of photocatalytic degradation.
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