1
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Dolai R, Kumar R, Elvers BJ, Pal PK, Joseph B, Sikari R, Nayak MK, Maiti A, Singh T, Chrysochos N, Jayaraman A, Krummenacher I, Mondal J, Priyakumar UD, Braunschweig H, Yildiz CB, Schulzke C, Jana A. Carbodicarbenes and Striking Redox Transitions of their Conjugate Acids: Influence of NHC versus CAAC as Donor Substituents. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202202888. [PMID: 36129127 PMCID: PMC10100033 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Herein, a new type of carbodicarbene (CDC) comprising two different classes of carbenes is reported; NHC and CAAC as donor substituents and compare the molecular structure and coordination to Au(I)Cl to those of NHC-only and CAAC-only analogues. The conjugate acids of these three CDCs exhibit notable redox properties. Their reactions with [NO][SbF6 ] were investigated. The reduction of the conjugate acid of CAAC-only based CDC with KC8 results in the formation of hydrogen abstracted/eliminated products, which proceed through a neutral radical intermediate, detected by EPR spectroscopy. In contrast, the reduction of conjugate acids of NHC-only and NHC/CAAC based CDCs led to intermolecular reductive (reversible) carbon-carbon sigma bond formation. The resulting relatively elongated carbon-carbon sigma bonds were found to be readily oxidized. They were, thus, demonstrated to be potent reducing agents, underlining their potential utility as organic electron donors and n-dopants in organic semiconductor molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramapada Dolai
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad Gopanpally, Hyderabad, 500046, Telangana, India
| | - Rahul Kumar
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad Gopanpally, Hyderabad, 500046, Telangana, India
| | - Benedict J Elvers
- Institut für Biochemie, Universität Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Strasse 4, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Pradeep Kumar Pal
- International Institute of Information Technology Gachibowli, Hyderabad, 500032, India
| | - Benson Joseph
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad Gopanpally, Hyderabad, 500046, Telangana, India
| | - Rina Sikari
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad Gopanpally, Hyderabad, 500046, Telangana, India
| | - Mithilesh Kumar Nayak
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad Gopanpally, Hyderabad, 500046, Telangana, India
| | - Avijit Maiti
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad Gopanpally, Hyderabad, 500046, Telangana, India
| | - Tejender Singh
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad Gopanpally, Hyderabad, 500046, Telangana, India
| | - Nicolas Chrysochos
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad Gopanpally, Hyderabad, 500046, Telangana, India
| | - Arumugam Jayaraman
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB), Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ivo Krummenacher
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB), Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jagannath Mondal
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad Gopanpally, Hyderabad, 500046, Telangana, India
| | - U Deva Priyakumar
- International Institute of Information Technology Gachibowli, Hyderabad, 500032, India
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB), Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Cem B Yildiz
- Department of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants, Aksaray University, Aksaray, 68100, Turkey
| | - Carola Schulzke
- Institut für Biochemie, Universität Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Strasse 4, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Anukul Jana
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad Gopanpally, Hyderabad, 500046, Telangana, India
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2
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Steffenfauseweh H, Rottschäfer D, Vishnevskiy YV, Neumann B, Stammler HG, Szczepanik DW, Ghadwal RS. Isolation of an Annulated 1,4-Distibabenzene Diradicaloid. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202216003. [PMID: 36598396 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202216003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The first 1,4-distibabenzene-1,4-diide compound [(ADC)Sb]2 (5) based on an anionic dicarbene (ADC) (ADC=PhC{N(Dipp)C}2 , Dipp=2,6-iPr2 C6 H3 ) is reported as a bordeaux-red solid. Compound 5, featuring a central six-membered C4 Sb2 ring with formally SbI atoms may be regarded as a base-stabilized cyclic bis-stibinidene in which each of the Sb atoms bears two lone-pairs of electrons. 5 undergoes 2 e-oxidation with Ph3 C[B(C6 F5 )4 ] to afford [(ADC)Sb]2 [B(C6 F5 )4 ]2 (6) as a brick-red solid. Each of the Sb atoms of 6 has an unpaired electron and a lone-pair. The broken-symmetry open-shell singlet diradical solution for (6)2+ is calculated to be 2.13 kcal mol-1 more stable than the closed-shell singlet. The diradical character of (6)2+ according to SS-CASSCF (state-specific complete active space self-consistent field) and UHF (unrestricted Hartree-Fock) methods amounts to 36 % and 39 %, respectively. Treatments of 6 with (PhE)2 yield [(ADC)Sb(EPh)]2 [B(C6 F5 )4 ]2 (7-E) (E=S or Se). Reaction of 5 with (cod)Mo(CO)4 affords [(ADC)Sb]2 Mo(CO)4 (8).
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Affiliation(s)
- Henric Steffenfauseweh
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Inorganic and Structural Chemistry, Center for Molecular Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Dennis Rottschäfer
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Inorganic and Structural Chemistry, Center for Molecular Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany.,Current address: Department of Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4, Marburg, Germany
| | - Yury V Vishnevskiy
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Inorganic and Structural Chemistry, Center for Molecular Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Beate Neumann
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Inorganic and Structural Chemistry, Center for Molecular Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Stammler
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Inorganic and Structural Chemistry, Center for Molecular Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Dariusz W Szczepanik
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Rajendra S Ghadwal
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Inorganic and Structural Chemistry, Center for Molecular Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
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3
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Aweke BS, Yu CH, Zhi M, Chen WC, Yap GPA, Zhao L, Ong TG. A Bis-(carbone) Pincer Ligand and Its Coordinative Behavior toward Multi-Metallic Configurations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202201884. [PMID: 35293113 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202201884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Carbones are divalent carbon(0) species that contain two lone pairs of electrons. Herein, we have prepared the first known stable and isolable free bis-(carbone) pincer framework with a well-defined solid-state structure. This bis-(carbone) ligand is an effective scaffold for forming monometallic (Ni and Pd) and trinuclear heterometallic complexes with Au-Pd-Au, Au-Ni-Au, and Cu-Ni-Cu configurations. Sophisticated quantum-theoretical analyses found that the metal-metal interactions are too weak to play a significant role in upholding these multi-metallic configurations; rather, the four lone pairs of electrons within the bis-(carbone) framework are the main contributors to the stability of the complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bamlaku Semagne Aweke
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.,Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC.,Sustainable Chemical Science and Technology (SCST), Taiwan International Graduate Program (TIGP), Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Cheng-Han Yu
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Minna Zhi
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wen-Ching Chen
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Glenn P A Yap
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Lili Zhao
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tiow-Gan Ong
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.,Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.,Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
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4
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Aweke BS, Yu C, Zhi M, Chen W, Yap GPA, Zhao L, Ong T. A
Bis
‐(carbone) Pincer Ligand and Its Coordinative Behavior toward Multi‐Metallic Configurations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202201884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bamlaku Semagne Aweke
- Institute of Chemistry Academia Sinica Taipei Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Applied Chemistry National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu Taiwan, ROC
- Sustainable Chemical Science and Technology (SCST) Taiwan International Graduate Program (TIGP) Academia Sinica Taipei Taiwan, ROC
| | - Cheng‐Han Yu
- Institute of Chemistry Academia Sinica Taipei Taiwan, ROC
| | - Minna Zhi
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Nanjing Tech University Nanjing China
| | - Wen‐Ching Chen
- Institute of Chemistry Academia Sinica Taipei Taiwan, ROC
| | - Glenn P. A. Yap
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Delaware Newark, DE USA
| | - Lili Zhao
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Nanjing Tech University Nanjing China
| | - Tiow‐Gan Ong
- Institute of Chemistry Academia Sinica Taipei Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Chemistry National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung Taiwan, ROC
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5
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Nag E, Kulkarni A, Gorantla SMNVT, Graw N, Francis M, Herbst-Irmer R, Stalke D, Roesky HW, Mondal KC, Roy S. Fluorescent organo-antimony compounds as precursors for syntheses of redox-active trimeric and dimeric alkali metal antimonides: an insight into electron transfer reduction processes. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:1791-1805. [PMID: 35023531 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt03398k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
(Tip)2SbCl (1, Tip = 2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl) has been utilized as a precursor for the synthesis of the distibane (Tip)4Sb2 (4) via one-electron reduction using KC8. The two-electron reduction of 1 and 4 afforded the novel trinuclear antimonide cluster [K3((Tip)2Sb)3(THF)5] (6). Changing the reducing agent from KC8 to a different alkali metal resulted in the solid-state isolation of corresponding stable dimeric alkali metal antimonides with the general formula [M2((Tip)2Sb)2(THF)p-x(tol)x] (M = Li (14), Na (15), Cs (16)). In this report, different aspects of the various reducing agents [K metal, KC8, and [K2(Naph)2(THF)]] used have been studied, correlating the experimental observations with previous reports. Additional reactivity studies involving 1 and AgNTf2 (Tf = trifluoromethanesulfonyl) afforded the corresponding antimony cation (Tip)2Sb+NTf2- (19). The Lewis acidic character of 19 has been unambiguously proved via treatment with Lewis bases to produce the corresponding adducts 20 and 21. Interestingly, the precursors 1 and 4 have been observed to be highly luminescent, emitting green light under short-wavelength UV radiation. All the reported compounds have been characterized via NMR, UV-vis, mass spectrometry, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) studies of 1 in THF showed possible two electron reduction, suggesting the in situ generation of the corresponding radical-anion intermediate 1˙- and its subsequent conversion to the monomeric intermediate (Tip)2Sb- (5) upon further reduction. 5 undergoes oligomerization in the solid state to produce 6. The existence of 1˙- was proved using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy in solution. CV studies of 6 suggested its potential application as a reducing agent, which was further proved via the conversion of Tip-PCl2 to trimeric (Tip)3P3 (17), and cAACP-Cl (cAAC = cyclic alkyl(amino)carbene) to (cAAC)2P2 (18) and 4, utilizing 6 as a stoichiometric reducing agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekta Nag
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati 517507, India.
| | - Aditya Kulkarni
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati 517507, India.
| | | | - Nico Graw
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität, Tammannstraβe 4, 37077-Göttingen, Germany
| | - Maria Francis
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati 517507, India.
| | - Regine Herbst-Irmer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität, Tammannstraβe 4, 37077-Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dietmar Stalke
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität, Tammannstraβe 4, 37077-Göttingen, Germany
| | - Herbert W Roesky
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität, Tammannstraβe 4, 37077-Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kartik Chandra Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Sudipta Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati 517507, India.
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6
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Krüger J, Wölper C, Auer AA, Schulz S. Formation and Cleavage of a Sb−Sb Double Bond: From Carbene‐Coordinated Distibenes to Stibinidenes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Krüger
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE) University of Duisburg-Essen Universitätsstraße 5–7 45141 Essen Germany
| | - Christoph Wölper
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE) University of Duisburg-Essen Universitätsstraße 5–7 45141 Essen Germany
| | - Alexander A. Auer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Stephan Schulz
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE) University of Duisburg-Essen Universitätsstraße 5–7 45141 Essen Germany
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7
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Kumar V, Gonnade RG, Yildiz CB, Majumdar M. Stabilization of the Elusive Antimony(I) Cation and Its Coordination Complexes with Transition Metals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202111339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Kumar
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan Pune 411008 Maharashtra India
| | - Rajesh G. Gonnade
- Physical and Materials Chemistry Division CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory Pune 411008 Maharashtra India
| | - Cem B. Yildiz
- Department of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants Aksaray University 68100 Aksaray Turkey
| | - Moumita Majumdar
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan Pune 411008 Maharashtra India
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8
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Deb R, Balakrishna P, Majumdar M. Recent Developments in the Chemistry of Pn(I) (Pn=N, P, As, Sb, Bi) Cations. Chem Asian J 2021; 17:e202101133. [PMID: 34786856 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202101133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The Group 15 Pn(I) cations (Pn=N, P, As, Sb and Bi), which are isoelectronic with the donor-stabilized carbones, have emerged recently. Despite the presence of two lone pair of electrons, the Pn(I) cations are weakly nucleophilic due to their inherent positive charge. Strongly electron-donating supporting ligands including zwitterionic forms have been used to enhance their Lewis basicity. Furthermore, the chelating effect of cyclic ligand systems proved effective in increasing their nucleophilicity. The strategies involved in successfully isolating the fleeting Sb(I) and Bi(I) cations as the recent most achievements in this field have been discussed. The syntheses, structure, bonding situations and reactivity of the Pn(I) cations are discussed. An outlook on the periodic trends and future applications of these electronically unique electron-rich cationic moieties have been provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Deb
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune-411008, Maharashtra, India
| | - P Balakrishna
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune-411008, Maharashtra, India
| | - Moumita Majumdar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune-411008, Maharashtra, India
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9
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Philipp MSM, Krahfuss MJ, Radacki K, Radius U. N‐Heterocyclic Carbene and Cyclic (Alkyl)(amino)carbene Adducts of Antimony(III). Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael S. M. Philipp
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Mirjam J. Krahfuss
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Krzysztof Radacki
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Udo Radius
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
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10
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Kumar V, Gonnade RG, Yildiz CB, Majumdar M. Stabilization of the Elusive Antimony(I) Cation and Its Coordination Complexes with Transition Metals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:25522-25529. [PMID: 34505340 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202111339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Upon stabilization by 5,6-bis(diisopropylphosphino)acenaphthene to form compound 1, the fugitive antimony (I) cation exhibited nucleophilic behavior towards coinage metals. Compound 1 was strategically synthesized at room temperature from SbCl3 , the bis(phosphine), and trimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate taken in a 1:2:3 ratio, whereby the bis(phosphine) plays the dual role of a reductant and a supporting ligand. The generation of 1 involves two-electron oxidation of the ligand to form a P-P bonded diphosphonium dication. Compound 1 was separated from this dication to give both products in pure form in moderate yields. Despite the overall positive charge, the SbI site in 1 was found to bind to metal centers, forming complexes with AuI , AgI and CuI . Compound 1 reduced CuII to CuI and formed a coordination complex with the resulting CuI species. The effects of the electron-rich bis(phosphine) and the constrained peri geometry in stabilizing and enhancing the nucleophilicity of 1 have been rationalized through computational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune, 411008, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rajesh G Gonnade
- Physical and Materials Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 411008, Maharashtra, India
| | - Cem B Yildiz
- Department of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants, Aksaray University, 68100, Aksaray, Turkey
| | - Moumita Majumdar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune, 411008, Maharashtra, India
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